ඒߛઔߒႃע
รնԼᙀรԿཚʳ 2004 ڣ 9 ִʳ 61-89
፣Ӓ౨Ͻޟၾኈცᇄ፣៝গ౩Ᏸޟ ӑᡛӱᘪ!
׆ ঊ ! ဢ ! ࡌ
ءઔߒࢬ൶ಘऱྡྷរԫֱ૿ٞቹܧנᆖᛎΕਙएΕ֮֏հψ٤֏Я֘
٤֏ωွΔࠀಘᓵլٵᖂृڂᚨ٤֏հᤜᠲऱᇞެֱூΙ؆ԫֱ૿
ঞਢ៶ط Karl-Otto Apel ᓵᖂᨠរΔ༉ࠡڃᚨ٤إᆠፖ٥ٵຂٚംᠲհ
ᓵ៴ቹၞ۩ሐᐚᓵᢞऱֱऄᓵ։࣫Ζഗ࣍Ղ૪ऱംᠲહནፖ൶ߒྡྷរΔءઔߒཚ ৱ౨ሒګڕՀऱؾऱΚ(1)൶ಘ٤֏ွፖࠡ৵ᥛທګऱሐᐚᤜᠲΙ(2)։࣫լٵ ኔᔌୃᖂمऱ᠏މΔ៶אᎅࣔ٣᧭شᖂհཏሙഗऱؘࢤֱ֗ࠡऄᓵ փොΙ(3)૿ኙ٤֏ࢬسऱሐᐚᤜᠲΔߒ Apel ٣᧭ഗࢬ౨༼ࠎऱኔᔌᏝ ଖ֗ࠡᓵऱփڇૻࠫΖ
ᜢᗖຒǺӄౚϯǵፕ៏উǵӃᡍᇟҔᏢǵӅӕೢҺ
Цߪ⊭Ǵ୯ҥᄤࠄ୯ሞεᏢৣၗػύЈշ௲
ႝηແҹࣁǺchunping@ncnu.edu.tw
ዺВයǺ2004 ԃ 5 Д 31 Вǹঅ҅ВයǺ2004 ԃ 7 Д 16 Вǹ௦ҔВයǺ2004 ԃ 8 Д 20 В
Bulletin of Educational Research
Sepetember, 2004, Vol. 50 No. 3 pp. 61-89
The Moral Conditions of Globalization and the Retranscendentalization
of Discourse Ethics
Chun-Ping Wang A b s t r a c t
This article explores the moral issues in the context of globalization from the per- spective of Karl-Otto Apel’s discourse ethics. After discussing moral issues in the era of globalization, the author examines traditional practical philosophies such as virtue ethics, deontological ethics, and utilitarianism. He emphasizes the theoretical necessity of transcendental pragmatics. Despite the fact that Apel’s perspective received critical inquiry, he still defended the validity of transcendental pragmatics. The author con- cludes that transcendental pragmatics should not be the only solution for moral issues in the era of globalization.
Keywords: globalization, discourse ethics, transcendental pragmatics, co-responsibility
Chun-Ping Wang, Assistant Professor, Center for Teacher Education, National Chi Nan Univer- sity
E-mail: chunping@ncnu.edu.tw
Manuscript received: May 31, 2004; Modified: July 16, 2004; Accepted: Aug. 20, 2004t. 10,
ಥăБ̼˭۞ᇇဩᄃ၁ኹࣰጯ۞ᖼԶ
۞ൕ 1999 ڣ WTO ऱ۫ႁቹຝ९ᄎᤜאࠐΔભഏΕֲءא֗ᄅᘋՠᄐഏ୮ઃ
ຬᥛܧנԫैψ֘٤֏ωΰanti-globalizationαऱႨԺΔ༓ޢڣຟᄎڶፖψ٤
֏ωؚኙऱقሏ۩ڇٵԫଡٽٵழᜰ۩Ζ༉ڕ Kantΰ1996: 322αڇτᓵ ةՆؓࡉυΰToward Perpetual Peaceαԫ֮խऱᨠរΚψڕ࣠ԳᎾհၴऱ۞ྥणኪΔ ࠀլਢԫၲࡨ༉౨ࡉؓ٥Δࠡءᔆ֘ଙਢԫጟኙمᓢડऱणኪωΖ߷ᏖΔԱ
৮ψ٤֏Я֘٤֏ωհၴऱڞᔲኙمΔ৸ࠀ৬ዌԫᄅऱཏሙ఼ݧࢨঞΔ
۞ྥਢ٤᧯Գᣊऱψ٥ٵຂٚωፖࠥլ୲ᒷऱٚ೭1ΖՕ᧯ߢհΔאψ٤֏
ഗωࠐ৸Գᣊऱ࿇୶ംᠲΔࠠڶאՀ༓ᐋऱრොΚଈ٣Δאਙएࢨᆖᛎ٤
֏ွࠐΔભْᖏञਢፂᥨ఼ݧލࢨॿحהഏᦞΛΰᙟထْࢮ܌ൣႨऱ
࿇୶Δࢬᘯψإᆠፖߵ༞ωऱ։Ꮎۿઌኙ֏چٺ۞।૪αΙ᙮ऱഏᎾٌੌΔ ڇআၞᆖᛎዊནհᎾΔՈທ༉سኪٲᖲΕ֮֏ཷاΕఏఐᓍፖψ٤ᇷء
ᆠωΰglobal capitalismαऱٺጟംᠲΖࠡڻΔૉ༉ጻᎾጻሁΕഗڂޏທଇΕ ഗڂᓤ፹Εۏઝݾᇷಛࢨઝݾ࿇୶ᨠհΔຍࠄᏆՈسנڍञᤜΖڼࠥ
ऱൣउ༉ڕ Heideggerΰ1977: 13-17αམ༼נऱࠥ᧯ᄎΚזઝݾ୶נԫጟԳ ᣊኙ࣍۞ྥᄕ৫ޣऱᔆΔ۞ྥᄭᄭլچ༼ࠎءߪױאၲආࡉᚏژऱ౨ ၦΖᣄሐ៱ழזऱଅ߫ᗣܽΔլՈਢڇሎشՕ۞ྥऱԺၦႯΛࠡኔΔଅ߫ऱᆺ
ׂឈྥڇଅխլឰ᠏೯Δ܀ᆺׂࡨึऴ൷ᦫٚଅऱܬࢲΖৰૹऱਢଅ߫ࠀլၲ
1 ჹܭࡌҥදၹ܄ೕጄࢂցڀԖ๊ჹޑѸा܄ǻԿϿ൩ BaumanȐ1993: 10-15ȑ ೭ኬޑࡕжউᏢޣߡමፕၰǺٗᅿӆᙁൂόၸޑউೕచȐethical codeȑ
ջᇡۓڀԖදၹЪόёᏴޑ୷ᘵࢂவ҂วޑǴёࢂךॺࠅࢂӆӦႽ
ηόᘐᐭډЋࡰǶԜڅΓॺ՟ЯႽཱུΑӧଓᅿԾρคݤှޑܿՋǺջ ჴሞԶܴዴޑၰቺȐnon-aporetic and non-ambivalent moralityȑǴ܈ޣදၹЪڀԖ࠼
ᢀ୷ᘵޑউǴ೭ਥҁࢂόёૈၲԋǶඤقϐǴBauman ࢂஒၰቺޑҁ፦ࣚۓ ࣁߚ܄ޑЪߚදၹޑǴёࢂӧፕǴځЬΞᆶၰቺޑ࣬ჹϯ܈คϯԖ܌ຯ ᚆǶ൩ҁЎԶقǴ൩ࡌᄬදၹউೕጄϐѸा܄уаፕǴԿܭځ࣬ϸ߾ߚ ҁЎख़ᗺǶ
࿇ੌխऱ౨ԺࠀףאᚏژΖઌ֘ऱΔᅝԳྐඨ౨࿇୶ױאᙟழࠌشຍԫै౨ၦΔ ࠀലհᚏژאໂլழհᏁΔԳࡉ۞ྥ༉լ٦ਢࡉᘫፖኙጠऱणኪΖڼࠥΔԳᣊట ऱױא࠷ჲ֚ݰढऱءᏆࠐᓿղઝݾྤૻױ౨ΛࢨृԳᣊԾ٦ڻྤवچუګ
ψՂ০ωΛإط࣍س֏ፖᇷಛઝݾऱ࿇୶ΔԳᣊױ౨ਢൕ੦ᢐࢨᐘ࿇ࣔאࠐΔ ٦ڻ૿ᜯছࢬآڶհઝݾፖሐᐚऱᓢડΖ
؆Δૉൕψ֮֏٤֏ωࢨψ٤چֱ֏ωΰglobal localizationαऱمࠐ
։࣫ΔೈװڶᣂᆖᛎՂऱ֘٤֏ᤜᠲΔ٤֏ᑪխขسհߢΕගᆢፖ֮֏
ᎁٵլٵᐋ૿ऱംᠲΰࠏڕطભᜤ૨ৱْࢮ܌ᖏঈࢬ֧࿇Գᦞཏሙࢤऱञ ᤜΕഏতຝऱڃඒࣳᇘᑊ೯Εऄഏਙࢌᆃַڃඒஈڇᖂீᚮᙰդࢬ֧࿇ऱݼᤜΕ
KosovoऱጟගᓢડΞΞαΖ૿ኙഏᎾၴլٵ֮֏ၴऱݶຒੌຏΔೈԱՂ૪ጟගΕ
ࡲඒᓢડհ؆ΔٵழՈڶ֮֏ࢨᎁٵհψొጰࢤωᄗ࢚ऱ᧢֏Ζ༉אፕࠏΔ ᅝඒߛፖ֮֏ᐋ૿ൎᓳψءՒ֏ωΰindigenizationαࢨၢՒᎁٵհᎾΔֲ墿ᏺڍ ऱ؆ᤄᄅፖ໎ՠΔࢨृڣ᎘ԫזऱψশֲωࢨψশឌωଅᑪΔլႛਢ֮֏
ઔߒΰculture studiesαऱૹ൶ߒᤜᠲΔ،ٵழრ࠺ထਬጟ৵ཷاൣቼՀψ֮֏
ጟᘜٽωΰcultural hybridizationαऱኔᎾቼΖڂڼΔ৸ڧ٤֏ڇਙएΕᆖ ᛎԯ֮۟࣍֏Ղऱ৺ᝪ᧢ᔢհᎾΔڍᙟհۖࠐऱᄅᘋሐᐚܺቼΔ۞ྥਢԳଚॻ ৱᘩޣנሁऱૹᤜᠲΖ
ኙ࣍Գᣊڇ٤֏ՀऱቼۖߢΔԫኙࠃኔၞ۩ᓵࢤઔߒΰܛ ආ࠷լٵᓵ࠷ٻΔڕ֨ᖂΕषᄎᖂΕਙएᖂΕԳᣊᖂၞ۩ઔߒαΔ،ຟױא
ီਢԫጟᖂऱઔߒΰBond, 1996: 135αΖլመΔૉႛ༉ୃᖂᐋ૿ߢհΔ
ႚอऱψኔᔌୃᖂωΰpractical philosophyαലψሐᐚω։ࠟጟլٵ࠷ٻΚԫ ጟਢא Kant ז।ऱᆠ೭ᓵΰdeonticαᖂΖԫጟঞψᐚ۩ᓵωΰaretaticα ࢨψؾऱᓵωΰteleologicalαհᖂΔਢא Aristotle ז।ΖೈՂ૪ࠟጟ ᨠរ؆Δᅝזֱ۫ሐᐚୃᖂٵழژڇထፖհቓߩۖԿऱᖂ᧯ߓܛψய墿 ᓵωΰutilitarianismαᨠរΖૉൕழၴऱ٣৵ႉݧࠐΔᐚ۩ᓵऱ࿇୶ለڰΔՈለ ګᑵΙய墿ᓵፖᆠ೭ᓵঞਢ 18 ધඔ፞ሎ೯א৵ऱขढΖய墿ᓵ്ԫႈ۩೯ऱ ኙᙑࢨਢॺᑑᄷΔਢא౨ܡ໌ທ່ՕڍᑇԳࢉ壂Δࢨृ౨ཙ່ՕڍᑇԳ່྇֟Օ
࿀ે֡৫ΰ܀ਟΔ2002αΖݺଚૉൕ؆ԫጟߡ৫ࠐܑຍԿጟمΔKant
ऱሐᐚୃᖂএψᆠ೭ᓵωᖂΔۖᐚ۩ᓵፖய墿ᓵઃψؾऱᓵωᖂΖ
լመΔAristotle ऱᐚ۩ᓵਢאሒګଡ᧯հψࢉ壂ωΰeudaimoniaαؾऱΙۖא
J. BenthamΕJ. S. Mill Գז।ऱய墿ᓵঞਢא۩ऱ່ึψ࣠ωΰconse-
quenceαףאܒឰऱΖؓ֨ۖᓵΔ᜕ࠌՂ૪լٵኔᔌୃᖂࠢᒤࠠڶᄕՕᐙԺΔ
ྥۖᙟထ 20 ધא৵ψߢ᠏ٻωΰlinguistics turnαऱ࿇୶ΔຍԿጟ്Ո૿ᜯ ॻৱଥإࢨ᠏֏ऱᓵܺቼ2ΖૉٵრψڼࠥጟጟऱᄅᘋᤜᠲΔਢאᖂ ᓵृৰ֟൷ᤛࢨृਢءڶመऱωΰBauman, 1993: 1αΔ߷Ꮦڇ૿ኙ٤֏
ՀሐᐚቼழΔ۶ጟᓵਮዌթਢଖ಼ऱΛ
૿ኙ٤֏࿇୶ፖԳᣊሐᐚࢨᏝଖֲ墿ઌኙ֏ऱܺቼΔൎᓳߢᄮຏհψᓵ
ᖂωΰdiscourse ethicsαਢᏅଖ಼ऱΖࠏڕ Karl-Otto Apel ࣍ 1993 ڣڇ πࡲඒρΰJournal of ReligionαՂ࿇।Աτᓵ֗ࠡኙᅝছ٥ٵຂٚᄅਗᖏ ऱڃᚨυΰDiscourse Ethics as a Response to the Novel Challenges of Today’s Reality
2 ൩ჴ፬ণᏢ܈ၰቺፕӚԾϣӧޑፕ֚ნԶقǴቺՉউޑЬᎁၶаΠ
൳ᗺೢᅪǺ(1)ӚਔжჹܭऍቺᆶൾቺޑࣚۓӸӧᡉޑৡ౦ǴӕਔךॺΨࡐᜤפډ
܌ᒏȨਡЈȩቺՉǹ(2)όӕޑЎϯ܈ᐕўે๎Ǵჹܭব٤ቺ܄Кၨख़ाǴΨԖό ӕޑـှǹ(3)ቺ܄ᒿਔжޑᡂϯԶᒿϐׯᡂǶќѦǴKant ޑက୍ፕӧፕޑ
໒ᓐߡЬȨঁԖ܄ޑΓǴѸۓӃௗڙԜࡓ߾ȩǶฅԶǴд٠όࢂаჴ ሞғࢲᡍٰፕၰࡓ߾ޑȨදၹ୷ᘵȩǴϸԶࢂஒϐፏӃᡍޑቫԛǶค܁
Яץຑޣӭຎϐࣁ KantȨԾρᇥΑᆉȩޑၰቺЬȐջΥࢂ಄ӝ Kant ࣮ݤޑωࢂ
ᆉࢂၰቺޑȨᐱқԄȩȐmonologicȑᢀᗺȑǴԶ೭҅ࢂက୍উᏢޑЬाୢᚒǶന ࡕǴ൩ਏፕٰ࣮ǴѬࢂаȨനεӭኧȩӅӕठޑ۩ᅽࣁǶՠࢂѬࠅࢂவȨी
ໆȩޑفࡋǴѝाࢌঁՉࣁىаᡣȨၨӭኧΓȩགډᅈཀǴٗ൩ࢂঁȨӳȩޑၰ ቺՉࣁǶ೭ኬޑགྷݤࢂόࢂΞԖ٤зΓᏼЈګǻգૈߥԾρ҉ᇻࢂӭኧΓԶߚᒿ ਔёૈ឴࣊ޑϿኧǻ၈ฅǴҺՖᅿᏢᇥԖځϣӧޑፕ֚ნǴฅԶӧय़ჹ ӄౚϯวޑཥၰቺᚒǴךॺࢂցૈפډᅿၨӝەޑፕຎفǻᡉฅॊ
ჴ፬ণᏢ܌ගٮޑȨჴ፦উȩҥςคݤޔௗࠨӝӭϡЎϯޗޑሡǶᆶϐ
࣬ၨǴྎ೯ՉፕȐTheorie Des Kommunikativen Handelnsȑ܈ፕ៏উᏢ߾ࢂ௦ ڗำׇ܄БԄȐٯӵԖਏ܄࠹ᆀ܈གྷྎ೯ნȑǴҾკӧሽॶӭϡϯࣗԿ࣬ჹ ϯޑวݗൎύǴගٮԋӝӅޑፕ៏ᐒڋǶᏵԜǴҁЎ܌ࡰϐȨჴ፬ণᏢޑ ᙯשȩΨջӧܭϸࢀॊϐวે๎Ƕ
to CoresponsibilityαΙ1997 ڣڇπֺࠏऄᖂρΰRatio Jurisα࿇।հτࠠໂԱڍ ցࢤႯΛυΰPlurality of the GoodΛThe Problem of Affirmative Tolerance in a Mul- ticultural Society from an Ethical Point of ViewαΙگᙕ࣍ 1999 ڣנठհπᖂઔ ߒρΰQuesting on Ethicsαխऱτڍց֮֏षᄎխऱإᆠംᠲυΰThe Problem of Justice in a Multicultural Society : The Response of Discourse Ethicsαԫ֮Ι։ܑ࣍
2000Ε2001 ڣڇπᑛषᄎᓵρΰEuropean Journal of Social Theoryα࿇।τ٤
֏ፖཏऱؘυΰGlobalization and the Need for Universal Ethicsαא֗τᅝ זΕഏᎾऄፖਙएЁ૨ࠃฃհၴऱᣂᜤࢤυΰOn the Relationship Between Ethics, International Law and Politico-Military Strategy in Our TimeαΙಾኙᖂृ༉ᓵ
ᖂ༼נऱޅܒΔהՈຘመፖπሐᐚፖسࡎრᆠρΰMorality and the Meaning
of LifeαऱᝑஆΔڇ 1999 ڣழၞ۩ߓ٨ዝᝑΰᝑᠲΚThe Response of Discourse
Ethics—to the Moral Challenge of the Human Situation as Such and Especially To- dayΔᇠᝑஆ৵ࠐطֺܓழऱ R. S. Peeters ნႃנठα༼נڃᚨΖ؆Δຘመڇࠡ
העढࢨറՂຬᥛ࿇।ऱ֮ີΔה്ຘመᓵ֘৸ऱᐋڻΔᓵᢞאψ٤
ωΰGlobal EthicsαࢨψཏωΰUniversal EthicsαࠐᇞԳᣊ֮ࣔᓢડፖ ᏝଖኙمΔࠀၞԫޡ৬مԳᣊၴψ٥ٵຂٚωΖ
ኙ࣍٤֏࿇୶መ࿓ۖߢΔApelΰ2000: 138αᎁױא։ࠟଡᐋڻࠐΚ รԫଡᐋ૿ਢऴ൷ಾኙ٤֏ွऱኘᤚࢨ֘ᚨΙࠡڻঞਢආ࠷ୃᖂ֘ઊऱم
ࠐڃᚨ٤֏ऱਗᖏΔܛຘመ৬مԳᣊٌੌᄅ఼ݧאࡳሐᐚຂٚΖᖕڼΔApel
്ऱୃᖂم౨ജ࿇ཀ۶ጟඔقࢨᓵ֧ᖄऱ܂شΛ౨ജขسإ૿ऱᗨᄕಥ
ႯΛ৸ە٤ڇᓵ৬ዌՂࢬᄎᔡሖऱءܺቼΔܛڇ૿ኙז֮ࣔհڍց
֏࿇୶ႨழΔڕ۶ބנߩאሀ။ฆ֮֏ሶᎶհ٣᧭ٵԫࢤΛڕ۶౨ࡳԫጟ ٽڶயհ٤֏ᑑᄷΛຍࠄംᠲ᧩ྥຟਢ৬ዌཏሙᒤழॻৱᇞެऱΖ
෮ăк̮ᄃТ˘ĈВТయЇ۞Аរаᕩ
ૹዌ٤ཏሙਢܡؘΛ༉ڼംᠲΔ᧩ྥΔ٤֏ቼڇՂࢬທګ ऱࠟᣄਢֲ墿堚ཐױߠΚૉཏሙࢤױאਢᏝଖխمऱΔۖઌኙऱᨠথਢਬ
ጟଡܑ֮֏ऱދ୴Δ߷Ꮦཏሙࢤঁլߩאઌኙऱᨠរ༼ࠎഗ៕Ζ᧩ྥΔ ٤ᓵऱؘፖܡΔԫၲࡨঁژڇထࣴฆऱمΖ༉ڼΔApelΰ2000: 140αམ אԳᦞࠏΔ।ࣔਮዌཏሙऱؘΚ
Γཷۺ߯ᆶӭϡЎϯޗϐၰቺکݤࡓచҹԖᜢǴӢԜόӕᕉნΨ൩ᡣ ȨදၹȩΓޑჴ፦ϣ఼ԖόӕҥǶՠࢂǴᕵ٬όӕЎϯϐ໔Ǵჹܭ ۶Ԝᐱϐѳޑ࣬ϕ൧ख़ǴԿϿ൩೭ᗺԶقǴѬ൩ςၠຫΑЎϯ ޑ࣬ჹ܄ԶԋࣁΓᜪޗဂޑӅӕೢҺǶ
ᓵឰཏሙհ৬مڶؘࠡृΔ᜕ࠌࠡٞቹਢԫીऱΔࠡٺ۞്ऱཏሙ
֏࿓৫ࡉኔᔆᏝଖփ୲থڶထ᧩ထฆΖڂڼΔދߪ࣍٤ࢨཏሙഗՠ
܂ृΔԫીچലଈٚ೭ᆜ壆ᙌԳᣊኙ٤֏֗ࠡઌᣂംᠲऱᣂࣹΔࠀཚৱ
ࠡ౨ຘመࢤ֘ઊΔದᚨࢭᖜऱ٥ٵຂٚΖಳᄩڼԫא٤܂Գᣊ٥ ٵຂٚऱ৸౧ΔࡲඒऱދԵጩਢ່ᗨᄕऱΖࠏڕ H. Küng ڇπ٤ρ ΰWeltethosαխঁ്Κ
ӄౚউόࢂࡰᅿӄౚཀࠠᄊǴΨόࢂࡰຬຫϪӸے௲ޑ
௲Ǵ׳ߚаᅿے௲ٰЍଛ܌Ԗے௲Ƕ܌ᒏӄౚউཀࡰ٤Ԗऊ״܄
ޑሽॶᢀǵคёڗޑྗکΓᄊࡋޑ୷ҁӅǶؒԖԜᅿ୷ҁӅǴ ޗѸۓڙډషکᐱຊޑ࠶ુǴԶঁΓΨѸۓ๊ఈǶȐKüng, 1997ȑ
༉ᐚഏࡲඒᖂ୮ Küng ፖ Karl-Josef Kuschel א֗ભഏᖂ୮ Leonard
Swidler ԳࠐᎅΔ٤լ܀ױ౨Δٵழ،ޓᚨᇠਢԫጟψ່ૻ৫ω
ΰmaximumalαࢨࠠڶ᠆༄֮֏რොऱ္ޣΖ១ߢհΔܛഗ࣍Գᣊ٥ٵॾ࢚Ε ݦඨΕഗء༇ᣤፖ۞ݺᎁٵψഗء఼ݧωѧѧࠏڕψფωΕψաࢬլΔ֎
ਜ࣍Գωሐᐚऱψ८৳ωΰgolden ruleαΖྥۖΔ༉ॺࡲඒمհ٤֏ᓵ
ृۖߢΰڕ Stuart Hampshire ፖ Micheal WalzerαΔהଚឈྥԫᑌ֭٤ऱ္
ޣΔ܀ࢬ౨ऱႛ່܅ᐋڻࢨ່܅ૻ৫ऱሐᐚ്ۖբΔٍܛ،౨ਢ່܅
ૻ৫ࢨψለ࿕ᜳऱωΰthinnerαཏሙΖլᓵආ࠷۶ጟمΔٞቹᢞګཏሙ
ऱؘ᧩ྥਢԫીऱΖ
ૉ٣༉ Küng ऱᨠរࠐΔࠡᎁഄڶᄅऱ٤Δթ౨৬مᄅऱ٤఼
ݧΔ఼ۖݧএᄭ۞࣍ڕՀऱ٥ٵॾ࢚Κ1.٤ຝԳຟڶຂٚ৬ԫଡޓړऱچ఼
ݧΙ2.ኙԳᦞΕ۞طΕإᆠΕࡉؓΔא֗ᛩቼঅᥨऱދߪΔਢኙؘऱΙ3.լٵ ऱࡲඒ֮֏ႚอΔլ౨ᡶݺଚ٥ٵދߪ֘ኙٺጟॺԳሐऱ۩ΔܘԺ৬ዌޓ༄
ոფऱΙ4.լጥڶڶࡲඒહནΔࠠໂॾ࢚ऱԳຟױאᢞኔຍଡ٤
ऱঞΖಾኙ Küng ്ऱ٤ૠΔApel ࡖߢה٣ᎁຍլ܀ਢԫጟ
ۿဠ֤ऱᙑᎄ്ΔٵழՈፖڶႚอऱڍցࢤઌசΖ܀ਢΔ৵ࠐ Apel Ոࢭᎁຍᑌऱေឰ᧩ྥਢᎄᇞΖߒࠡڂΔה৵ࠐటإᇞ Küng ༼נऱ٤
ࠀॺਢԫରᕏլٵ֮֏հՂऱψ၌ዌωΰsuper-structureαΙઌ֘ऱΔࠡᣂࣹ
ऱྡྷរਢቫᇢ৬مದࢬڶࡲඒΕ֮֏ࢨ֮ࣔၴؘհ٥ٵᏝଖΕᑑᄷፖኪ৫ΰApel,
2000: 141αΖױਢΔ༉٤ૠऱኔᎾګயࠐΔKüng ്ਢૹعٺࡲඒΕ
֮ࣔࢨاගբᆖࠠڶऱψ٥ٵհωۖբѧѧ壆ڕψաࢬլΕ֎ਜ࣍ԳωΕψլ ױවԳΕլױೢ᧗ΕլױᐼᝒΕլױෞωΖڂڼΔᅝψߢω៶طײಝࢨඒ ᆠऱݮڤܧڼഗء٥ᢝΔԱᝩ܍वᢝဍऱᨠរΔࠡޓࠥრچඈೈԱୃ
ᖂࢤऱຫ૪ֱڤΖᖕڼΔᅝψ٤ωٞቹ၀२ኔᔆᒤᐋ૿Δ۞ྥᄎᨃψ
ߢωྤऄటإψؓᘝωࢬڶ֮ࣔፖࡲඒၴऱψࣴߠωΖ
ࠡڻΔൕॺࡲඒڤऱ৸ፂߡ৫ΔApel མ៶طፖ M. Walzer ऱمऱᢞΔ ਐנࠡ٣᧭ഗᓵ૪ऱᚌ။ࢤΖWalzerΰ1983: 5-6αᎁԳଚ۶ႜٻ࣍൷࠹ԫ ጟψለ࿕ᜳωথԾψཏሙωऱΛࠡᣂڇ࣍Κ
คፕ҅ကཷۺޑଆྍࣁՖǻคፕݾፕᗺޑ໒ᆄࣁՖǻΓॺᜢܭ҅ကޑ܌
ࡘ܈܌قǴᕴόխੋϷፏӭ࣬՟ޑሦୱᆶᚒˇˇӵࡹݯޑኪस܈ࢂჹ ጁधεޑᓸॐǶдॺᜢܭ೭٤ᚒޑഋॊǴᕴࢂϸࢀрځ໔ޑࢌ٤ቫय़
܈ϩǴՠࢂځύࢌ٤ᢀᗺǴ܈ёаᡣΓॺҥջ҅ຎচӃ҂уݙཀޑ
ϩǴ٠ૈԶᇡ࣮ࡑǶനࡕᘜ่ϐҥ҅ࢂ܌ᒏȨനեज़ࡋၰቺȩ Ȑminimal moralityȑޑЬǶ
ኙ࣍ψ۶ᘯཏሙΛωࢬ༼נऱࠠ᧯ऄΔૉਢࠉᖕኔᎾᆖ᧭ᓵृא֗ष ᆢᓵऱٺጟቃۖߢΔWalzer ऱऄᚨᇠਢإᒔऱΖݺଚؘႊࢭᎁΚᖇ៶լٵ֮
֏ၴࢬ٥ٵ։ࠆհ່܅ૻ৫ऱሐᐚፖᏝଖΔຘመᆖ᧭ױאᕣၦቫᇢൕլٵمࠐ
৸ཏሙऱኔᎾփොΖ܀ਢΔApel থսլᎁຍጟᖞ᧯ᨠរᄎחԳየრΖ
ڂڇ࣍ Walzer ऱᓵቃլ܀ੌ࣍ొऱᆖ᧭ࢤូፖ֏પΔٵழՈࠥऱ ψ٣᧭ش֘৸ωΰtranscendental pragmatic reflectionαΔຍਝॺొऱψᆖ᧭փ ઊωΰempirical-introspective reflectionαΙޓॺದᄭ࣍ψ৸ፂ۞ݺωΰintelligible Iα ऱݮՂᖂቃΖឈྥΔWalzer Ոᓵ֗אᓵᖂ܂່܅ཏሙૻ৫ऱ࿓ݧ ࢤࠏᢞΔ܀ਢ Apel ޅေຍᑌऱ്᧩ྥਢኙᓵᖂऱรԫᐋᎄᇞΔࠏڕ
Walzerႛലᓵီԫጟا࿓ݧऱ٥ࠆᏝଖΔຍঁݮګࠡءࢤᎄᇞΖࠡ
ڂإਢኔᎾऱψኔᔌᓵω۞ྥᄎࠉᖕᓵհ࿓ݧᒤࢨृਢψࠫࢤᄗ
࢚ωΰregulative ideasαࠐၞ۩Δຍᑌऱֱڤࠀլᄎፖ Walzer ڇ૿ኙլٵ֮֏յ ೯ழࢬආ࠷հᆖ᧭ࢤᓵរࢨԳᣊᖂڤऱᇞᤩڶࢬઌசΖױਢڼऱฆ֘ଙਢה
ྤऄࠩᓵᖂլٵ֮֏ፖᏝଖၴࢬਮದऱψյᇖࢤωΰcomplementarityα ᣂᜤΖ
։࣫ Walzer ኙ࣍ᓵᖂऱรԲᐋᎄᇞΔࠡᣂܛΚឈྥᣤᓵএࠉ
༛ထቃհഗ៕࿓ݧঞࠐၞ۩Δۖຍࠄঞ༉ຑ Walzerΰ1983: 12α۞աՈլឰ
༼֗ΚψޢԫଡԳઃਢؓऱΕઃٵᑌڶ۞ط।ሒრߠऱᦞܓΕץ୲ፖյઌ༇ૹωΔ א֗ψᒤऱڶயࢤլ܀ਢאֱ۫اᨠ࢚܂ഗ៕Δٵழዌګ۞طΕاषᄎ
᠆༄რොՀऱόإᒔسݮڤύωΔ܀ਢΔႛ༉ψࠫࢤᄗ࢚ωऱ٣᧭֘৸ۖߢΔ
،༉լႛਢאֱ۫ا࿓ݧ܂ᓵհ֮֏౧ۖբΖᔆߢհΔ৫რොऱψ່
܅ૻ৫ωᚨආ࠷٣᧭شऱୃᖂ֘৸Δܡঞຍࠄᒤլߩאሀ။֮֏ઌኙࢤ ऱពᄮΖ
Աሒګհཏሙࢤছ༼ΔApel ආ࠷Աψ٣ڇයٙωΰa priori conditionsα ऱᓵᢞᑓڤѧѧܛൕ٣۩ࡳऱ᧤ᙀᄗ࢚ࢨᓵቃנ࿇Δၞۖංዝנࢬᘯཏ ሙڶயऱषᄎࢨֆ٥ᒤΖڶᣂψ٣᧭යٙωᑓڤհ։࣫ΔೈԱ Kant հ؆Δ
J. RawlsڇπإᆠᓵρΰA Theory of Justiceαխࢬਮዌऱᓵ᧯ߓΔൕࢬᘯψॣ
णኪωΰthe original positionαࢨृψྤवհኟωΰthe veil of ignoranceαᄗ࢚ຟ
ࠠڶ堚ᄑऱψ٣᧭යٙωۥΖApel ᎁ٤ऱ٣᧭ഗ៕Δഄڶຘመԫጟ֘
৸ऱึᄕഗթߩאሒګΖڼጟمএהፖ J. Habermas ٥ٵ࿇୶ऱΰApel,
1998b; Habermas, 1997/2001: 66-77αΔຍፖ Rawls ઌۿڇ࣍Κࢬᘯऱཏሙ٥ᢝᚨ៶ طՀ٨٣᧭֏ऱڶயࢤጠࠐᛧঅᢞΰApel, 1994b: 50-51αΖ܀ਢΔڼऱઌฆ հথڇ࣍אՀऱᣂΚڇπإᆠᓵρऱၲᙰ،ঁലྡྷរᆜ壆լٵ֮֏հإᆠം
ᠲऱյᇖࢤߡ৫Δᅝࠡإᆠঞආ࠷Աԫጟ۞طୃᖂഗ៕հᎾΔ،ঁمܛᓿղ ᦞܓᚌۯࢤΔࠀࠌհରᕏ࣍լٵΰthe good of the differentαΕ壆֮֏א֗ݮՂ ᖂࢨࡲඒයհՂΖຍᑌऱऄ۞ྥᄎፖཏሙڶயհሐᐚࢤઌசᠦΖ܀ਢ Rawls ڇ 1993 ڣנठऱπਙए۞طᆠρΰPolitical LiberalismαխঁଥإԱ۞աڍऱ ᨠរΖࠡխ່ૹऱΔ༉ڕ Apel ༉མᓵ֗Δה࣋ඵᏝଖխمࢨ۞طऱୃᖂᨠΔ ຍጟޏ᧢᧩ྥ࠹ࠩषᆢᆠᓵរऱᐙѧѧܛլᓵਢ۶ጟሐᐚୃᖂمઃਬጟ ݮՂᖂᇞΖRawls ലࠡإᆠუऱᨠរૻᜍԫጟਙएࢨࡎᠲΔቫᇢਬ ጟऱᨠរ༈ޣ່Օऱ٥ٵᇞፖ֭ΔᖕڼթאڇਙएᏆխ৬مψٌᦤ٥ ᢝωΰoverlapping consensusαऱഗ៕ΰApel, 2000: 141-142αΖ܀ਢ૿ኙڼጟଥإΔ Apelঞᎁ Rawls ԫ؟࣋ඵԱπإᆠᓵρऱୃᖂഗ៕ΔהՈԫࠓ࣋ඵط Kant ࢬ ৬مհཏሙࢤঞऱױ౨ࢤΖՈ༉ਢᎅΔຍᑌऱཏሙࢤঞڂࠡ٣ڇऱᦞࢤΔ
ၞۖऴ൷ፖٌᦤ٥ᢝऱ࢚ઌசΰ׆ঊΔ2003Κ6-10αΖઌ֘ऱΔApel ঞਢ്
࿓ݧࢤ٥ᢝঞΰthe procedural consensus principleαΔԫֱ૿ٞቹ၌။πإᆠᓵρ ऱփڇܺቼΙԫֱ૿ঞٵழሒګ Kant ཏሙঞऱ᠏֏ΖڂڼΔApel ്٣᧭
شᖂ࿓ݧࢤᒤऱڜඈΔᖕڼࢤ٥ᢝࢨψٌᦤ٥ᢝωՈթࠩঅᢞΖ
᜔Ղ૪ऱ։࣫Δࠉᖕ Apel ۞աऱᇭᤩΔ٣᧭شᖂխࢬᘯψཏሙࢤᓵᠲω
᧩ྥױאଥإ KüngΕWalzer א֗ Rawls ԳᓵऱլߩΖڂڼΔהᎁψཏሙࢤω
ؘႊ᎖אࢤψ֘৸ω࿓ݧթߩאሒګΖຍᑌऱऄإךٝ᧩נԫጟڃូ Kant ٣᧭ႚอऱႨΖApel אᓵᖂمٞቹ༼נࠡڃᚨ٤إᆠፖ٥ٵຂٚം
ᠲऱᓵ៴ቹΖངߢհΔהቫᇢආ࠷ Kant ᆠ೭ᖂऱ৵ݮՂᖂ᠏ٻאሒګՀ٨ ؾऱΰApel, 1993: 506-507αΚଈ٣Δᓵᖂؘႊ༼ࠎࠡཏሙڶயࢤऱࢤഗ
៕Ζຍࠀլ౨ࠉႚอطԫයٙᖄנԫଡයٙऱֱڤΰܛዝᢂΕូࢨᢞ ΰabductionαլٵֱऄαΙࠡڻΔ،լႛ༼ࠎ٤֏إᆠ֗ቸऱഗ៕ΔՈ
ڇԫଡሎ܂խऱࠫ৫ࢨषᄎߓอ౧հՀΔ༼ࠎ၌መଡԳࢬ౨ᇞऱ٥ٵ
ᖂഗ៕ΙรԿΔإਢ٥ٵຂٚऱ္ޣΔ۞ྥڇ۞ߪ۩೯ࢨހᖗհᎾΔڇ֘
৸ፖฃࢤհၴ৬مದؓᘝᣂএΔၞԫޡڇࠫࢤঞऱ֧ᖄՀΔ৬مຂٚ٥ ٵ᧯ऱ᧯ᎁΖԱൕءՂނ༽ Apel հ٣᧭شᖂمΔאՀܛ៶طሐᐚୃᖂֱ
ऄᓵߡ৫ΔኙՂ૪ᓵᖂࢬ༿㍾ऱԿᐋؾऱၞ۩Ե൶ߒΖ
ણă࿆ࣖந۞АរಧૄĈ˘ᇇࣰጯ͞ڱኢ
۞҂၅
ߒ Apel ٣᧭شᖂࢬᘸא৬مհֱऄᓵᄭΔהଈ٣ਢ៶ط Kantψࢤ ࠃኔऱૹ৬ωΰRekonstruktion des Faktum der VernunftαΔၞۖຏመ։࣫ୃᖂऱ᠏
ٻѧѧܛא HeideggerΕL. Wittgenstein ፖ C. S. Peirce հᨠរ܂ᓵഗऱᄭΖ
૿ኙሐᐚڍց֏Εઌኙ֏࿇୶ࢬທګऱᓢડፖ᫆Δ᜕ࠌ KüngΕWalzer ፖ Rawls
։ܑ༼נլٵ࢚Δ܀ਢ Apel սᎁהଚսլߩאڇሐᐚᏝଖऱڍցፖઌኙհխ ሒګటإऱᖞ٤ٵԫΖᅝ Apel طൕڰཚ٣᧭ᇭᤩᖂ᠏Ե৵ࠐ٣᧭شᖂΔࠡؾऱ إਢཚৱຘመছ૪հᓵᖂਮዌΔ٤֏࿇୶ऱሐᐚܺቼ༈ޣᇞެऱৈ
ᖲΖ堚ᄑ༳༽ Apel ᓵᖂऱᓵ૪փොΔאՀ։ႈᇡาᎅࣔΖ
ʙă̆ݦڟ౨અKant ࢱደڟϑϱᔪ!
ᖕ Apel ڇτ٣᧭ฤᇆᖂፖรԫୃᖂࠢᒤυΰTranscendental Semiotics and the Paradigms of First PhilosophyαፖτรԫୃᖂऱยዿࠢᒤυΰThe Cartesian Paradigm of First Philosophy: A Critical Appreciation from the Perspective of Another ΰthe next?αParadigmα֮ີΔהᎁ 20 ધ৵ऱୃᖂլ٦ਢԫጟψژڶऱݮ ՂᖂωΔۖࢬᘯรԫୃᖂՈլ٦ਢ Kantψ٣᧭᧯ωრᆠՀऱψრᢝୃᖂωΖፖ ژڶࢨრᢝୃᖂհรԫୃᖂઌለΔ᧩ྥ 20 ધհ৵ऱזୃᖂբᆖطࢬᘯऱψ٣
᧭ฤᇆᖂωΰtranscendental semioticsαףא࠷זΰຍጟ᠏ٻ۞ྥץܶထψ٣᧭ᇭ
ᤩᖂωΰtranscendental hermeneuticsαא֗ψ٣᧭شᖂωΰtranscendental prag-
maticsαլٵ࠷ٻαΖࠡኔΔࢬᘯรԫୃᖂΔࢨױא៶طฤᇆԿցᓵਮዌၞԫ
ޡᎅࣔΖڕቹ 1ΔࠡխΰIαਐႚอژڶᓵݮՂᖂऱรԫୃᖂᨠរΙۖΰIIIαঞਐ Kantհ٣᧭რᢝୃᖂΙ່৵ΔΰIIαऱฤᇆխտܛਐ 20 ધא৵հߢୃᖂ᠏Հ
ऱรԫୃᖂ࿇୶Ζࢬᘯऱ٣᧭ฤᇆᖂհᣂᜤڕՀΰApel, 1998a: 44α:
I ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ II ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ III
టኔऱড়᧯ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ฤᇆΰsignα ʳ ʳ ᎁवऱటኔ᧯
ΰreal objectα ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ΰreal subject of cognitionα ΰᄗ࢚ऱ؆ΰdenotatumαα ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ʳ ΰฤᇆᇭᤩृΰsign interpreterαα
1 ʙࢱደڟʭႍሒ
ႚอรԫୃᖂۿڇ࣍֘ਠψlogosω֗ࠡኙွढψonto-logicalωᣂএΖ༉ᅝ זรԫୃᖂवᢝᓵ᠏᧢ۖߢΔ،ೈԱൎᓳრᢝխψᨠ࢚ω᧯ऱ۞ࣔࢤ؆Δٵழ
،Ոኙឆܶ࣍Գᣊψlogosωխߢᄮຏհ٣ڇࢤղመڍլٽࡵऱࢼွ༴૪Δຍ ՈᖄીԱֱऄऱഄݺᓵႜٻΖڇ٣᧭شᖂഗऱრᆠՀΔApel ຘመߢ։࣫౧
ၞ۩รԫୃᖂऱޏທѧѧܛނߢᄮຏऱ٣ڇࢤᖞٽࠩԳᣊψlogosωᨠ࢚հխ ΰApel, 1994a: 107αΖڇشᖂࢨᇭᤩᖂᐋ૿Ղऱߢᄮຏऱ٣᧭ࢤ।ࣔΔឈྥ
ߢਢრᆠፖଡԳრٻ।ሒլױࢨऱտΔ܀ਢ߷ጟᣂ࣍ኙွءᔆհ᧯ዄڶய ࢤΔ່৵սႊڇॺࡳհࢤ٥ٵ᧯ऱᄮຏመ࿓խթߩאኔΔۖຍԫଡྤૻࡳ
ऱԳᣊᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ਢطࢬڶ֮ࣔऱߢ٥ٵ᧯ኙᄗ࢚໌ທፖಘᓵመ࿓ۖऱΖ
༉รԫୃᖂਐٻԫጟฤᇆᖂ᠏ٻۖߢΔApelΰ1994a: 92α堚ᄑچਐנΚψאֱ
ऄഄݺᓵΰthe methodological SolipsistαഗរΔຍኙรԫୃᖂऱ൶ߒۖߢΔࠡࠀ آ౨ەᐞߢਢԫ֊वᢝࢨवᢝޅܒऱױ౨ࢤࡉյ᧯ڶயࢤऱයٙωΖᖕ ڼΔApel Աᢞګ٣᧭شᖂᓵᖕऱٽࢤΔהڂۖ༼נࢬᘯψࢤ֘৸ऱึᄕ
ഗωΔ៶אᝩ܍٦৫ԵႚอሐᐚୃᖂऱഄݺᓵႜٻΖה؆Ո堚ᄑਐנڼጟ ψ֘৸ωؘႊڇ Kant รԿޅܒհψެឰܒឰωࡉψ֘৸ܒឰωխऱ։ݺଚթ౨ ףאᇞ3Ζ᧩࣐ۖߠΔຘመ֘৸ऱܒឰΔ܂ཏሙڶயհψ٣ڇᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ωࢨ
3 ٩Ᏽ H. Caygill ӧȠநቺӷڂȡȐA Kant DictionaryȑਜύޑှញǴдᇡࣁ Kant ӧȠղᘐΚץղȡȐthe Critique of JudgementȑಃǵΒހᏤقύගрȨ،ᘐղᘐȩ
ृψشᓵঞωᐋڻঞڶৱຘመψڃូ Kantωࠐૹᄅ࿇Ζ
ԫኙᓵᖂऱᇞΰ壆ڕუᄮຏൣቼΕڶயࢤጠαΔࠡנ࿇រإ ਢԱᝩ܍ᆵԵֱऄᓵऱഄݺᆠࢨृਢمՂऱᗑػࢨᗑឰΖ១ߢհΔ٣
᧭شᖂऱୃᖂ᠏֏ٍܛਢኙ Kant ୃᖂऱψ٣᧭ڃូΰretranscendentalizedαωΚ ࠏڕ Apel ല Kant ऱψؾऱ׆ഏωΰKingdom of endsα4᠏֏ψუߢᎅषᆢω ΰideal speech communityαΰApel, 1999: 50, 56αΙലψࡳߢחڤωΰCategorical
Imperativeα᠏֏ᄮຏ۩೯ऱ٣᧭ࢤψࠫࢤᄗ࢚ωΰregulaitve ideasαΰApel,
1998a: 160-167αΙࢨृਢല Kant ऱᆠ೭ᓵፖ H. Jonas ऱຂٚঞΰThe imperative
of responsibilityαףאᖞٽ٥ٵ᧯ऱψ٥ٵຂٚω္ޣΖࢬᘯऱψࠫࢤ
ᄗ࢚ωএਐፖᓵ᧯౨ജಾኙ߷ࠄբ٣۩ࡳᓵऱױ౨ࢤፖڶயࢤ
යٙၞ۩ψ٣᧭ω֘৸ΰApel, 1994a: 164αΖ༉ Kant ڇπሐᐚݮՂᖂऱഗ៕ρ ΰGrundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sittenαऱ։ֱ࣫ऄۖߢΔԫၲࡨהঁمܛ्ࡳ
ψሐᐚ৳ऱኙؘྥࢤࡉཏሙࢤਢਝፖऱࠃኔΔۖሐᐚ৳ޓؘႊਢ٣֚ऱΰa
prioriαωΖߒψ٣᧭ωፖψ٣֚ωԫဲऱլٵΔ،լਢਐొጰऱݮڤΔۖਢਐᎁ
ᢝݮڤऱڶயࢤΖڂڼΔإڕ Kant ऱᇞᤩΚᆖ᧭ԫױ౨ࢤයٙΔٵழՈਢᆖ᧭
ኙွऱױ౨ࢤයٙΖڕ࣠ނᎁᢝऱٺጟයٙຏຏီኙွऱᇩΔຍ༉ขسԱࢬᘯ ψ٣᧭ᎁᢝωऱംᠲΔԱࠌψ٣᧭ᎁᢝωګױ౨Δ۞ྥᏁࡳԫጟ౨ല
ᎁवኙွא֗౨वኙွףאຑࠀอԫದࠐऱ٣᧭᧯ΖᔆߢհΔຏመ᧯۞ݺ რᢝΔࡳԱᆖ᧭ૻΔຍ۞ྥױאլؘቝႚอݮՂᖂ္壆ᆖ᧭ૻא؆ऱࣟ
Ȑdeterminate judgmentȑᆶȨϸࡘղᘐȩȐreflective judgmentȑޑձȐЦߪ⊭Ǵ 2003Ǻ123ǹCaygill, 1995: 155-6, 352-3ȑǶӵ݀ᇥղᘐࢂӧਸޣᘜឦܭදၹۭΠϐ ᐒૈǴӵ݀දၹࢂࡽϒޑǴฅࡕղᘐޑᐒૈӆஒਸޣᘜឦܭځΠǴ߾Ԝղᘐࣁ
،ۓղᘐǹ࣬ჹޑӵ݀ਸޣࢂࡽϒޑǴԶҔܭѬޑදၹԖਏޣ߾ࢂۘࡑว
Ǵ߾Ԝղᘐ߾ࢂϸࡘղᘐǶ
4 KantȐ1784/1990: 50-52ȑᇡࣁȨҞޑЦ୯ȩ߯ࡰ٩ྣჴ፬চǴϪԖ܄ޣȐх
֖ԾρӧϣȑБय़аԾيࣁҞޑǴќБय़ΞѸฅޑܺவԾρ܌ႧѲޑۓࡓǴ೭ ኬϪԖ܄ޣȐх֖Ծρӧϣȑ٩ྣ೭ঁӅӕޑදၹۓࡓǴߡԋঁԖسޑ ӄᡏǴKant ஒځᆀࣁȨҞޑЦ୯ȩǶ
۫Ζኙᆖ᧭ૻࠫਢᆖ᧭ऱ۞ݺૻࠫΔຍਢݙݙ٤٤ױאڇᆖ᧭ီփףאݙګऱ ΰฐᖠࣔΔ1998Κ50-51αΖೈڼհ؆Δᅝ Kant ਐנψԫႈऄঞૉڇሐᐚՂڶயΔ
ٍܛ౨ജ܂ԫႈόຂٚύࢍᖕΔ༉ࠠڶኙऱؘྥࢤωΔApel ঞਢലࢭᖜ ሐᐚψຂٚωऱݮՂ᧯Δ᠏֏౨ڇኔᎾᄮຏᣂএխದψ٥ٵຂٚωհψ٥ ٵ᧯ωΰco-subjectsαΔፖհٵழΔࢬᘯψუᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ωՈթࠠໂኔऱױ ౨Ζ
ʠăϑჭ܌Ⴤຜϓϣ်Й!
ڕ࣠ψኔᎾՂԫ֊ᣂ࣍۞ߪࡉऱवᢝΔݺଚ᜔ਢڰբ۞աऱߢࢬץ
୲ωΰGadamer, 1976: 29, 1960: 280αΔ߷Ꮦ༉ Apel ۖߢΔהᎁ 20 ધ৵ࢬᘯ ऱߢᖂ᠏ٻΔإߩאਐנߢ։࣫ࢨᐖᆠऱฤᇆᖂດޡ࠷זႚอრᢝୃᖂࠀ
ၞګψᄅรԫୃᖂωࠃኔΖ࣫ߢհΔApel ᓵឰฤᇆᖂګψᄅรԫୃᖂωΔຍਢ ڂࠉ༛ฤᇆյ೯ऱषᄎ۩ڶڇᓤᠧऱٌյᣂএխթ౨ࠩךٝऱᇞፖᎁ ᢝΔۖຍԫរԾڶڇຏመԳᎾၴᄮຏ۩೯ऱ֘৸ࢤऱፖթ౨ሒګΖڃ
ฤᇆᖂऱ࿇୶Δ،ଈ٣ਢط Peirce ऱฤᇆԿցᓵၲࡨΔ৵ࠐऱฤᇆᖂঞਢ C. W.
Morris֧Եזઝᖂ᧤ᙀհխΔࠀאհ܂ψ൶ߒ᧤ᙀωΰLogic of Inquiryαऱ
Կጟᒤᡱܛऄࢨऄᖂΰsyntax ࢨ syntacticsαΕᆠᖂΰsemanticsαא֗
شᖂΰpragmaticsαΰApel, 1973b: 164, 1973/1980: 80-81α5ΖૉലՂ૪Կጟฤᇆᖂ ࢬ௫֗ऱᒤᡱףאଳ࣫Δࠡᣂᜤإਢס᧩᧯ΰܛᇭᤩृࢨࠌشृαኙ࣍టኔ ড়᧯ऱᎁᢝΔࠡ৸ەऱլ٦ਢ߷ጟႚอᎁᢝᓵড়ኙمऱԲցᓵΔۖਢٚ۶
᧯ᎁᢝড়᧯ຟਢאฤᇆխտΰApel, 1973b: 188, 1973/1980: 101αΖฤᇆᖂऱԿց ᣂএױא៶شቹ 2 ࠐܧΰApel, 1994a: 238αΚ
5 ൩ԜΟᅿ಄ဦᏢ܌ӚԾڀഢޑϣ఼ǴApel ှញၰȐ1973b: 178-9, 1980: 93-94ȑǺ1.
ѡݤᏢӧܭࣴز಄ဦϐ໔ޑᜢ߯ǹ2.ᇟကᏢࣴز಄ဦᆶ಄ဦ܌߄ҢޑᇟقѦޑჹຝ
܈٣ᄊȐSachverhalten / state of affairsȑϐ໔ޑᜢ߯ǹ3.നࡕǴᇟҔᏢࣴز಄ဦک಄
ဦ٬ҔޣȐΓȑϐ໔ޑᜢ߯Ƕ
ऄऱ૿ٻ
რऱ૿ٻ شऱ૿ٻ
I II III
టኔऱড়᧯ ฤᇆ ΰsignα ᇭᤩृࢨࠌشृ
ΰreal objectα ΰinterpreter or userα
ߢߓอ
ΰlanguage systemα
ฤᇆΰsignα
2 ஒ༴ደؚख़̅ڟʭϩ
༉ฤᇆᖂփܶऱԿଡ૿ٻۖߢΔڇ᧯ᎁᢝऱመ࿓խΔ،ឈਢԫଡԿցऱᖞ
᧯Δ܀ਢ Apel ঞԾਐנࠡխژڇထࢬᘯऱشᖂ᠏ٻऱ࿇୶ႨΖࠏڕΔڇπ᧤
ᙀୃᖂᓵρΰTractatus logico-philosophicusαհխΔWittgenstein ലࢬڶԫ֊ូ
ߢࢬ༴૪հऱψ᧤ᙀݮڤωפ౨ࢬ൳ࠫΔ܀ਢڇ৵ཚऱπୃᖂઔߒρ ΰPhilosophical InvestigationsαᇙΔ،ଚথ᠏᧢ࠫߢᎅ᧯ၴאၞ۩٥ٵ հψߢሏᚭωऱψشঞωΖ༉ڼጟ᠏މۖߢΔApel ঞᎁਝྥݺଚբᆖܡ
ࡳԱπ᧤ᙀୃᖂᓵρ৬مߢ᧤ᙀऱױ౨ࢤΔ۞ྥߢפ౨լ٦ਢط༴૪ऱ ψ٣᧭᧤ᙀωࢬอ᥊Δݺଚኑױലࠡ᠏֏ԫጟ៶طψߢሏᚭω֊໊ۖऱྤ
ૻױ౨ࢤΖࢬאൕߢሏᚭمߢհΔ᜕ࠌਬԫଡ᧯ࠀլፖኔᎾᄮຏ۩೯ΔԳ ᣊ۩սྥਢ࠹ࠩપࠫऱΖ១ߢհΔᇞࡉױᇞ۩ႛᅝࡳژڇထߢሏᚭΔ
ٍܛژڇԫጟֆ٥ψክωࢨषᄎψࠫ৫ωऱழଢΔߢሏᚭթאژڇΰApel, 1973a: 371, 1973/1980: 32-33αΖ
༉ߢࠌشࢬ௫֗հֆ٥ψክωࢨषᄎψࠫ৫ωۖߢΔࢨױאࠉ༛
WittgensteinኙψߏԳߢωΰprivate languageαᨠ࢚ऱࢻᚰࠐ༳༽ࠡრΖApel
ᎁߢڕ࣠ਢψֆ٥٥ٵچωࠌشΔࢬᘯऱֱऄഄݺᓵृঁ؈װԱژڇऱ
طΖٍܛΔᅝֱऄᓵऱഄݺᓵԱٵהԳΰڕ࣠լਢຏመ܂৸ፂژڇढ ऱᣊֺ܂ᢞࣔছ༼ऱᇩαΔࢬၞ۩ٵڤհ۞ݺᇞءߪΔຍսྥᏁאߢሏ ᚭऱֆ٥ঞࢨृਢאፖছृٌ៣ڇԫದऱψسݮڤωࠐ܂խտΰApel, 1973a:
371, 1973/1980: 33αΖᔆߢհΔᅝ Wittgenstein ༼נψߏԳߢωऱլױ౨Δࢬᘯ
ֆ٥ࢤፖ٥ٵࢤঁਢრਐᄮຏ۩೯հױᇞࢤছ༼شᖂࠫࢤᄗ࢚Ζૉ៶ط
شᖂࢨߢሏᚭऱمᨠհΔWittgensteinΰ1972: 633αᎁ৸ፂ᧯ࠀլ౨ቝ ױ༴૪խਬጟࠃढԫچኘᤚΚ
ӧШࣚব္ёаวঁᏢЬᡏǻգᇥǴ೭ᅿݩཱུᜪ՟࿊ک ຎጄൎϐ໔ޑᜢ߯Ƕՠዴჴό࣮ـ࿊Ƕຎୱϣޑ܌ԖܿՋόىа
٬գբрፕǴᇡࣁѬࢂ࿊࣮ـޑǶ
Ղ૪ᨠរܛਐנڕՀऱࠃኔΚהءܡࡳԱ߷ጟਝਢড়ᨠԾᨠΔਝਢᆖ᧭
Ծਢ٣᧭ऱױ౨ࢤΔڂڼጟױ౨ࢤፖ߷ጟಖ૪ড়ᨠࠃኔऱอԫߢΰunfied
languageαૠਢլઌጠऱΖ᜕ࠌڶԱඡཚ৸უऱ᠏މΔᅝࠡڇπ᧤ᙀୃᖂᓵρ
༼נψ᧯ࠀլ᥆࣍Ιݺଚ֘ଙױאലհီ،ਢ।ऱૻω ΰWittgenstein, 1972: 632αΔApel ঞᎁലრᢝംᠲᝫߢംᠲહ৵ࢬᤖܶऱ ૹრᆠࠡኔբԼ։堚ᄑچܧѧѧࠀॺਢܡࡳრᢝΕᨋᏒࢨԳᣊ᧯Δۖਢڇ
شऱ٣᧭ٻ৫ՀΔല܂ૻऱݮՂ᧯ፖߢ᧤ᙀ᧯ףאٵΖՈ༉
ਢᎅݺଚឈྥؘႊࢭᎁኙشঞऱᙅ༛ΔঞՂຍਢԫጟֆ٥۩Δ܀ආشਬ ࠄ່ึլ౨܂ژߢሏᚭݮڤഗ៕ऱᄅঞΔথսਢױ౨ऱΖ
ૉࠉ༛ছ૪ऱ։࣫Δݺଚᚨᇠ౨ജٵრ Wittgenstein ᎁԳଚլױ౨ψߏԳچ ᙅ༛ԫጟঞωΔՈ༉ਢᎅڇլ௫֗ٚ۶٥ٵᄷՀΔႛࠉᔾଡԳኙᄗ࢚ऱփڇڃ ᖋࠐ۩ࠃΔ᜕ࠌڕڼΔהԳՈאᇞΔ᧩ྥԫጟߏڶߢਢྤऄګمऱΖڂڼΔ
ߢऱࠌشؘࡳቃኙਬጟإᒔঞऱᙅൕΔڼঞ۞ྥՈ༉ؘႊਢֆ٥ऱΔޓ
ؘႊڇԫଡቃऱ٥ٵ᧯հփࠐݙګΖኙ࣍ฤᇆشრᆠऱإᒔᇭᤩΔPeirce ၲ ඔԱԫଡᄅऱඔقΔהޓ٥ٵ᧯ΰࢨषᆢα༼ࠎԫጟᄗ࢚հࠫࢤ܂شΔٍܛ
៶ֆ٥ऱڶயࢤΔฤᇆრᆠՈ౨إᒔچᇭᤩΖ
ᖕ Peirce ऱمΔהࢬਐऱࠀॺਢٚ۶ԫଡࡳऱߢषᆢΔ֘ۖਢԫଡ
ψྤૻऱ٥ٵ᧯ωΰindefinite communityαΔ،௫֗ኙటऱ൶ߒΔࠀլਢਐ߷ጟ ࢬᘯψึᄕωࢨኙ࣍ψటኔωΰthe realαऱ٥ٵრߠΰܛ Kant ᨠរՀऱట۞ߪαΙ ઌ֘ऱΔהᎁటإࢨഄԫऱॾ࢚ࠀլژڇΔݺଚႛ౨ڇ൶ߒऱመ࿓ኙॾ࢚հψԫ
ીऱᖞ٤ࢤωΰEinheit der Konsistenzαऱၞ۩ނ༽ۖբΖངߢհΔPeirce ኙ࣍ Kant ٣᧭᧤ᙀψ່ᨠរωΰthe highest pointαऱ᠏ངΔ༉ڇ࣍༼נԱψྤૻࡳऱ൶ ߒ٥ٵ᧯ω່ءऱऄΖ
Peirce്ຘመᎅΰabduction inference ܛංᓵࢨᢞαऱ܂شΔش
אڇյ᧯ऱٻ৫ՂΔຘመฤᇆᇭᤩࠐᇖךࠀሒګኙ Kant ᎁᢝޅܒऱฤᇆᖂޏ ທΔהᛧીհࠠ᧯ګ࣠ץਔΰApel, 1994a: 95αΚ1.Kant ܂ড়ᨠᎁᢝፖ۞ݺრᢝ հ٣᧭อԫऱψ່ᨠរωΔຍؘႊطױ౨ګటհԫીࢤऱฤᇆᇞᤩऱ່ึอ ԫ᧯ຍᑌऱԫଡࡳࠐ࠷זΔຍଡอԫ᧯ਢطԫଡ൶ߒृፖᇭᤩृհၴࢬิګլ ᒔࡳऱ٥ٵ᧯խࠐᛧኔΙ2.ڕݺଚނᎁवီԫጟאฤᇆᎅऱտΔ
߷Ꮦ Kant հढ۞ߪऱᎅऄঁךٝ।נࠡ۞ߪऱؿએΖࢬאࠀآቝ Kant ߷ᑌ
։נլױवऱढ۞ߪࡉױवऱွΔۖਢ܂Աԫጟޓءࢤऱ։Δܛॺࡳऱ ױवኔڇፖኔ౨वࠃढհၴऱ։ΖڂڼΔԫଡڶૻऱᎁव᧯ਢྤऄᎁᢝኔ ڇऱءߪऱΖፖ Kant լٵΔPeirce ᎁवᢝءߪឈྥՈਢױᙑऱΔ܀ਢ،ྤႊಘ ᓵլױवऱढ۞ߪΖઌ֘ऱΔط࣍ڶԱ၌။ଡ᧯ᎁᢝհᄮຏ౨Ժছ༼ΔՈթڶԫ ଡ܂ᎁᢝড়᧯հॺࡳኔࢤᨠኙढΔՈ༉ਢژڇထॺࡳ٥ٵ᧯ऱྤૻ
ᎁᢝ౨ԺΖ
ូՂ૪مᓵհഗ៕Δࠡԫֱ૿ൕψߏԳߢωᓵᢞխංᖄۖऱ٣᧭ش ᖂऱፂ৫Δ؆Ծലψྤૻࡳ൶ߒ٥ٵ᧯ω᠏֏ψᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ωΔլᣄߠ߷
ጟ၌נଡԳᇭᤩ٥ٵ᧯հ٣᧭ฤᇆᖂࡳΔא֗༉ึᄕრᆠࢬ௫֗ᆖ᧭ᢞኔհ൶ ߒ᧤ᙀࡳࠟृၴઌյৈٽऱױ౨ࢤΰApel, 1973b: 173-174, 1973/1980: 87-88αΖ ᔆߢհΔApel ᎁૉྤऄუԫጟψߏԳऱߢሏᚭᨠωΔ༉ؘႊࡳ᧯ڰբ ࠉ༛ψ۞ݺԵঞωΰSelbsteinholungsprinzipαΔല۞ݺދߪ࣍ԫଡψᄮຏ٥ٵ
᧯ωհխΖ
ʭăઈїʰьӨέ߽ڟਟᓗ҉୩๑ϓᘋڟྀЙ!
ຘመᓵऱֱऄᓵഗΔࠩࢍኙؾছ٤֏Հऱሐᐚቼ౨࿇ཀ۶ጟኔ ᎾऱრᆠΛApel ᧩ྥආ࠷ڃូ Kant ٣᧭֏مΔലᗑឰऱ٣᧭᧯᠏֏ᄮຏ ऱ٥ٵ᧯Δࠀٵழᄩᄭ Wittgenstein ፖ Peirce ऱߢୃᖂ്Δᓵ૪ᄮຏش
ঞፖᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ऱᓵഗΖ༉ୃᖂᓵऱءمۖߢΔૉཚඨߨנઌኙ֏ऱ
࿇୶ܺቼΔૹᄅ৬ዌᖞ٤հֆؓΕإᆠऱཏሙփොΔApel ᎁڶࠟଡءऱ
ᒤঞؘႊ٣ᒔمΚଈ٣Δޢଡଡܑ᧯ڰբ٣۩۞ݺԵ࣍ኔᎾհᄮຏ٥ٵ
᧯ΙࠡڻΔຘመࢤᓵऱᖵ࿓ലհ༼ࣙࠩუᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ऱᐋڻΖᔆߢհΔ٣ ছᓵ֗հψ٣᧭شঞፖᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ዌګωإߩא֘ਠנψኔᎾᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ω հژڇԫࢤࠃኔΔ߷ጹ൷ထؘႊᎅࣔऱঞਢψუᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯۶אڶ᧯ऱ ױ౨ΛωΔApel ᎁഄڶຘመ٣᧭شᖂऱߡ৫թߩאഗѧѧܛԫጟ֘৸ऱึ
ᄕഗΖຍᑌऱمਢהፖ Habermas ࢬ٥ٵ࿇୶ऱΰApel, 1998b; Habermas, 2001:
66-77αΖ٣᧭شᖂࢬ്հཏሙࢤ٥ᢝᚨ៶طՀ٨ࠫࢤᄗ࢚ࠐᛧঅᢞ
ΰApel, 1994b: 50-51αΚ
1.៶طߢऱױ।ሒࢤጠሒࠩյ᧯ऱᄮຏױ౨ࢤრᆠΙ 2.ኙࡎᠲऱຫ૪ۖߢΔؘႊሒࠩյ᧯ऱ٥ᢝటΙ
3.᧯რٻऱߢ।ሒΔؘႊਢԫጟᇨኔࢤጠΰ،լ౨ਢԫጟᓵऱঅ ᢞΔ،ؘႊਢຘመ۩ࠐኔᔌαΙ
4.אψߢᎅ۩೯ωΰspeech-actα܂ڶਐጠࡎټ౨Ժհᄮຏ۩೯Δ،ؘႊ
ࠠໂإᒔࢤፖإᅝࢤጠΖ
ᓵᖂԱ౨ሒګ٥ᢝࠀឭๅሐᐚઌኙ֏ऱٲᖲΔࠡࢬቃհψڶயࢤ
ጠωΔ۞ྥױאီհኔᎾᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ٻՂ༼ࣙუऱᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ऱኔᎾᓵ
መ࿓Ζܑਢ༉ 4.ࠐΔApel ག֧ J. Austin ፖ J. Searle ऱߢᎅ۩೯ᓵΔشא
ᙃנฃࢤᄮຏፖࢤᄮຏऱլٵΖࠏڕ Austin ਐנڕՀऱԿጟߢᎅ۩೯Κߢ
۩೯ΰlocutionaryαΔܛᎅਬࠃΕ।რ۩೯ΰillocutionaryαΔܛڇᎅਬࠃழਬࠃ ሑრ۩೯ΰperlocutionaryαΔܛຏመᎅਬࠃழਬࠃΔၞۖທګਬࠃΖݺଚױאՀ ࠏףאᇞΚߢ۩೯ֺڕᎅψຍଡᢐऱய࣠ৰړωΙ।რ۩೯᠔سڇ
ఐԳၲֱழᎅΚψຍଡᢐऱ᛭யৰړωΰڇᎅຍଡᇩழΔ᠔سٻఐԳ༼ࠎԱԫଡ অᢞαΙሑრ۩೯ࠏڕڇሽီᐖܫխ᠔سٻఐԳᎅΚψຍଡᢐऱ᛭யৰړωΰຏ መຍᇩࢬ༼ࠎऱঅᢞΔሒࠩංᔭᢐऱؾऱαΖ༉ᓵᖂۖߢΔψ।რ۩೯ω რᘯڇቼխհ᧯ڰբࠠໂψᄮຏ౨ԺωհࠃኔΖ؆Δψ।რ۩೯ωࡉψሑრ
۩೯ωऱܑএਐటإऱᄮຏ۩೯ᚨᇠਢאᇞؾऱΔۖլਢٞቹሒګᇞᄮ ຏא؆ऱਬଡؾऱࢨฃΰຍլ܀ச֘Ա Kant ࡳߢחڤऱᨠរΔٵழ،Ո༉ਢࢬ ᘯऱฃࢤᄮຏαΖ༉ψ।რ۩೯ωףאၞԫޡ։࣫Δ᧩ྥ༉ኔᎾऱᄮຏ۩೯հխΔ
ૉ౨ཅೈመ࿓խऱ۞ܓࢤ೯ᖲΔ߷Ꮦ٣ࢤ٥ᢝհუࢤቃঁڶኔऱױ ౨Ζ֘հΔط࣍ச֘Ա Kant հሐᐚ֘ߪࢤঞΔࠡঁᆵԵψച۩Ղऱ۞ݺؿએω հܺݝΖ
ψച۩Ղऱ۞ݺؿએωਢԫጟኔᔌऱխឰࡉ۞ݺ࠷Δٍܛᅝଡ᧯ຫ૪ऱᨠ រፖ٣᧭ቃઌؿએழΔ،ঁᄎᆵԵച۩Ղऱ۞ݺؿએΰApel, 1994aαΚଈ٣Δച
۩Ղऱ۞ݺؿએՈ༉ਢ٣᧭شᖂऱ۞ݺؿએΔ،լٵ࣍ᆖ᧭ᐋڻՂऱشࡉݮ ڤ᧤ᙀՂऱ۞ݺؿએΔᆖ᧭شᖂՂऱ۞ݺؿએਢਐԫଡԳᓵ૪ࡉࢬࠡਐ௫ऱࠃ ኔհၴऱլԫીΔݮڤ᧤ᙀՂऱؿએঞਢࡎᠲհၴऱؿએ৳Δڕ A ፖДAΰॺ AαΖ ઌኙऱΔ٣᧭شᖂऱ۞ݺؿએፖᆖ᧭ՂऱԫીࢤྤᣂΔ،ਐ௫ऱਢࢤᓵᢞխ ऱ۞ݺԫીࢤംᠲΖࠡڻΔࠡፖݮڤ᧤ᙀհၴऱܑΔܛࠌᓵᢞխऱ۞ݺԫીΔ
ࠡՈؘႊץܶထಛஒࢤփ୲Δຍࠄಛஒࢤփ୲Ոਢୃᖂࢬᎅࣔࡉઔߒऱኙ
ွΖڂڼΔࢬᘯ۞ݺؿએऱຫ૪ܛڇ࣍ԫଡຫ૪᧯ΰܛψݺωαլژڇழΔຍঁ
რܶထٚ۶ࠠໂಛஒփܶհ᧤ᙀࡎᠲਢྤऄ༼נऱΖՈ༉ਢᎅΔ٣᧭شᖂച
۩Ղऱ۞ݺؿએΔࠡ᧩נݮڤ᧤ᙀࡎᠲࢬਐ௫ऱড়᧯א֗༼נࠀᒔኔᐌ۩ᇠࡎ ᠲհ᧯ၴऱլٵΖ
شֺለ១ऱֱڤࠐᇞᤩΔ٣᧭شᖂऱ۞ݺؿએፖݮڤ᧤ᙀհၴऱ։إ ז।ထୃᖂ֘৸ፖᑇ᧤ᙀٽࢤհၴऱլٵΖൕࡎᠲऱ༼נࠩኔᎾ۩ऱటإ ݙګࢨԫીΔຍڼհၴژڇထᠨૹዌΖངߢհΔኙ࣍ԫଡਝࡳࡎᠲၞ۩ऱ
شᐋڻऱ֘৸Δ،ঁױאಱᝩψᎅᝒृசᓵωऱܺቼΔڂڇψࢬڶԳઃᎅᝒω ࡉψݺڇᎅᝒωհၴऱຫ૪ࢤ֘৸հխΔڼጟຫ૪ऱசᓵࢤܛڇ࣍༼נຫ૪ऱߢ ᎅृΔࠡٵழՈܡᎁࠀ۞۩࠷ᓵឰటऱױ౨ΖངߢհΔApel ᎁڼԫച۩Ղ
۞ݺؿએऱࠫࢤᄗ࢚ਢԫጟึᄕࢤഗΖຘຍڼԫഗរΔApel ٞቹ֘ਠച۩Ղ
۞ݺؿએऱಱᝩࢨᇞΔ߷ຍᑌऱشᄮຏመ࿓ঁٵழՈటإ٥ᢝ༼ࠎԱؘ
ছ༼ΖڂڼΔ֘ઊ٤֏࿇୶֗ᙟհۖࠐऱሐᐚംᠲΔApel ཚৱࠉ༛ᓵհ ٣᧭ഗΔऱψཏሙ֏ωૹᄅ৬ዌࠡױ౨ࢤΖ
དྷăАរᄬϡጯүࠎ˘၁ኹࣰጯ
Apelᎁڶᣂႃ᧯۩Εࠡທګհᐙא֗Գᣊ٥ٵຂٚΔڰ༉լਢ٤ᄅ ऱᤜᠲΖڰڇݦᢊழཚΔ༉མڶԳ༉ࠫ৫ࢤऱሐᐚᒤ༼נ֘ઊፖᔆጊΔࠀᇢቹ
៶طمऄࢨৈપᓵऱݮڤࠐזཙࠫ৫֏ऱഗݮڤΖᅝזঞנԫࠄԳᑵवհ षᄎ֗ਙएৈપᓵऱᓵ૪ΖڇຍࠄᓵհխΔܑਢ T. Hobbes ऱײࠢᄗ࢚Δהլ
܀༼נԱႃ᧯ຂٚΰcollective responsibilityαऱᄗ࢚Δۖီڇਬጟ࿓৫Ղᇞ
ެᒤऱཏሙࢤംᠲΖהڇπܓፂࡖρΰLeviathanαԫխམਐנΚ
ؒԖӅӕΚޑӦБǴѸۓؒԖݤࡓǹؒԖݤࡓޑӦБǴ൩คᜢՖᒏό҅
ကϐ٣ǶԾฅӦǴݓΚᆶුທωࢂᏯݾύޑऍቺǶȐHobbes, 1996: 85ȑ
܀ਢΔ༉ႚอ۞طᆠऱৈપᓵمۖߢΔૉψڶᦞܓࡨڶᆠ೭ωਢԫଡૹ
ऱছ༼Δ߷Ꮦࣚൕऄ৳ࢨᒤऱᆠ೭Δ۞ྥਢԱፂᥨᆢ᧯ऱ٥ٵᦞܓЯԺΖ ױუۖवΔᅝଡܑ۩ृԱֆ٥ܓ墿ۖᣋრၞԫޡࢭᖜႃ᧯ຂٚழΔޢԫଡܑ
ऱࢭ࠹ृؘႊকထڕՀଅᙠΚψהױ౨૰ދԵԫଡۿፖֆᆠྤᣂऱᤁञ ΰnonsolidarity of competitionαΙࢨृؘႊࢭ࠹ࠡה۩ृऱ۞ܓࢤബسΰegoistic
parasitismαωΰApel, 1993: 502αΖHobbes ്៶طषᄎৈપૻࠫޢଡԳ۞ܓࢤऱ
ጠΔຏመ༽ڶᦞԺृኙ࣍ऄऱࠫࡳΔૻࠫਙएՂऱߏઌ࠹ࠀঅᎽषᄎৈપ ऱፂֱڤࠐᇞެՂ૪ଅᙠΖ
ྥۖΔԱᇞެषᄎխլٵᤁञଡ᧯ၴऱᓢડΕᘩޣᚘࠫᑨڇհ۞ܓബسृ
ऱ֫Εࢨ൷࠹٥ٵຂٚࢬᖜऱଅᙠΔHobbes ऱৈપᓵԾ壂ܓᆖᛎᓵ ΰWelfare-economical theoryαאฃݝᚭΰstrategic gameαףא壄ᒯ֏ΖլመΔ Apelᎁૉຏመԫጟψࢤֱऄ࣠ฃωऱᇞެֱூΔսլߩאڼࠥऱ
ᤜᠲΖڂൕ۞ܓऱฃᨠរࠐΔଡԳऱࢤլਢڇ࣍ፂৈપΔۖਢܓ شהԳࢬૡࡳৈપၞ۩ჸ׆߫ऱ֍ᅝΰfree ridingΙࠏڕլਢֆᄎᄎথࠆ࠹ֆ ᄎञ࠷ऱګ࣠αΔᆖطബسऱֱڤࠐᛧીהլᚨࠆ࠹ऱܓ墿ΖᖕڼΔHobbes ࢬ༼
ࠎऱֱڤΔךࠡၦਢԫጟፖሐᐚྤᣂऱᇞެ֫Ζ
ٵᑌऱΔKant མᓵ֗ऱԫጟऄएഏΰRechtsstätαऱᄗ࢚ঞԾਢՕ୮ࢬᑵव ऱΖڇऄएഏऱጥࠫՀΔԱኙבψ߷ᆢࠠڶཕᐝऱᦅωΰfor a people of devils
if only they would be intelligentαΔऄएऱᄗؘ࢚ႊ৬مΔթױאၞԫޡኔᔌࠡפ
౨Ζլመ Apel থԾᎁΔ᜕ࠌڇ࿇ሒऱᤞኘഏ୮Ոլױ౨ኔऄएऱ്Ζڂ
ڇࠉऄएࢨ৫ᤞኘᦞऱഏ୮հխΔץਔਙࢌΕᤞֱࢨृڶཕᐝऱՕฒΔה ଚຟਢ Kant ࢬਐጠհ۞ܓऱψᦅωΖڂڼΔݺଚսྥᄎڃ Hobbes ࢬᘯऱψ۞
ྥणኪωΰstate of NatureαհխΔܛޢԳຟڇהԳॡီṰṰऱᝍᘤհՀΖإڕ
Rawls ڇࠡπإᆠᓵρᓵ૪౧խࢬᓵ֗ऱΔڇψॣणኪωՂኙإᆠऱषᄎ఼
ݧ༼נհࢤހᖗհᎾΔ،սؘႊڶإᆠტ܂ֆؓऱࠉᖕΔܡঞৈપᓵਢլױ ౨ፂऱΖ
ڕ࣠ Rawls ᣂ࣍ഏ୮ऄ৳ऱऄਢإᒔऱΔ߷Ꮦ Apel ९ཚދԵڶᣂ٤
سኪٲᖲΕ৬ዌতקתᆖ၉ᣂএՂऱإᆠ఼ݧംᠲऱಘᓵΔຍࠄႃ᧯೯ࢬ ຑᏁದհ٥ٵຂٚՈ۞ྥਢڶࠡإᅝࢤऱΖڂڼΔApel ᎁ Rawls ऱ
ֱڤֺ Hobbes ऱֱڤࠐړΔהࣲܑᓾإᆠऱࠟଡঞΰ֠ࠡਢรԲଡঞ ᝫױ౨شࠐ܂ᇞެ٤ᆖᛎՂऱषᄎإᆠംᠲऱߜֱαΖլመΔApel ࠀլᎁ
πإᆠᓵρ౨ཙ٤֏༼ࠎࢤࢨཏሙڶயࢤഗΔޓሚᓵਢ٤֏ຂٚ
ᖂຍଡᐋ૿Ζ༉ڼה༼נڕՀऱᇞᤩΰApel, 1993: 504αΚࠡԫΔRawls ౨ګ פچ៶ط֘৸ऱ݁ᘝঞإᆠ܂ֆؓհঞΔ༼ࠎԫଡࢤऱཏሙഗ៕Ιร ԲΔRawls ऱπإᆠᓵρսྥፖᖞ᧯ Kant ᆠ೭ᓵऱႚอઌٵΔٍܛڇᎅࣔإᆠհ षᄎ఼ݧழΔהଚઃቃԫଡψሿ৫រൣቼωΰa point of zero situationαΖڂհΔ ڼጟمլ౨༼ࠎԫጟڕ۶ڇᅝՀࠠ᧯ൣቼխᤉᥛၞ۩ऱூΖ
ڃছ૪٣᧭ཏሙഗऱֱऄᓵᢞګΔ۟֟༉ Apel ࠐᎅΔהᎁ്ࠡհᓵ
ᖂլ܀ਢψ٣᧭ऱωΔٵழՈਢψཏሙऱωΖᔆߢհΔڼጟψ٣᧭ཏሙऱω ऱᓵঞፖ࿓ݧΔലྤױᆜጊچ܌ࣚπإᆠᓵρऱᓵܺቼΖ
ᅝ Apel ᎁڇ٤֏Հհ৵ঋΰpostconventionalαࢨृ৵ႚอΰpost-
traditionalαऱሐᐚݮڤհխΔݺଚլႛኙਙࢌࢨิ៣ದઌኙᚨऱຂٚ؆Δݺ
ଚޓᚨದਮዌದ٤֏఼ݧऱຂٚΚࠏڕഏᎾऄΕഏᎾၴऱٽ܂۟ץਔ٤
ᆖᛎ఼ݧऱ৬مΰ壆ڕรԫऱ༄ᇛഏ୮ፖรԿऱᄕຆᒡഏ୮հၴֆؓ၉
࣐ਮዌऱ৬مαΖٵᑌΔהՈᎁࢬڶՠᄐഏ୮֗ሀഏิ៣ՈؘႊڇઝݾΕᆖ ᛎא֗ਙएՂࢬທګऱسኪٲᖲ༼נᇖඑΰApel, 1993: 497-498αΖڂڼΔ։࣫ה २༓ڣࠐऱᖂ࿇୶ΔࠉᖕՂ૪٣᧭شᖂऱֱऄᓵਮዌΔהܑထ֫ᓵ
ᖂڇ٤֏ΕᆖᛎΕषᄎإᆠΕຆᒡࡳൣቼՀᚨشऱംᠲΰApel, 1998bαΖ ڼԫ౧ೈԱආ࠷ψ٣᧭ωمۖፖ Habermas ٦ڻ༉شᖂփොΕऄ৳ፖا
ڶࢬञᓵհ؆ΙהՈፖ O. Höffe ಾኙψਙएإᆠωΰPolitical Justiceαംᠲڶࢬʳ ʳ ʳ ಘᓵΙፖषᆢᓵृΕR. RortyΔא֗ Rawls Գհၴڇሐᐚᓵၞ۩ञΙಾኙʳ ʳ ψᆖᛎωΰEthics of EconomyαऱംᠲΔהՈፖ P. Ulrich א֗ K. Homann Գԫٵၞ۩ઔߒΙ؆ΔהՈፖ E. Dussel ࡉ F. Hinkelammert ࢮԭભψᇞ࣋ω ΰliberationαୃᖂᖂृΔಾኙषᄎإᆠፖ٤֏ᑑᄷംᠲڶထ९ཚऱಘᓵΖ
ૉא٤֏֗ࠡسհψᆖᛎωऱᤜᠲࠏΔᅝԫԳսྥࠉ༛ႚอᑓ ڤࠐၞ۩ڶᣂሐᐚᤜᠲऱ৸ەழΔޣ౨ജ堚ᄑچᎁᢝ۞ߪ۩ױ౨ขس ऱᓤᠧᐙΔຍᑌऱ٤֏ՀऱᓤᠧࢤਢֲዬឩՕऱΖڂڼΔڇ૿ኙፖሐᐚڶᣂ ऱംᠲழΔ᜕ࠌڕ Kant ്Κܛࠌਢ່ؓՅऱԳΔ៶طᦫൕ۞ափڇऱᜢଃࢨ ሐᐚߜवՂऱᗑػΔה༉वሐᚨᇠչᏖΖ܀ਢΔ༉ؾছऱणउۖߢΔ٤֏ऱ ٲᖲথᨃழՀψຂٚωऱሐᐚܒឰڰբլ౨ᔞشΖߒࠡڂΔ༉ړֺڇԫ
ऱެृΰ֠ࠡਢൕਙृ֗ጥृΔ۟ਢՠ࿓ஃࢨ᠔ஃαΔڇၞ۩ઌᣂެழ
ઃլឰچᘬᇬࠡהറ୮ΰڕݾΕ۞ྥઝᖂ୮Εऄ৳ࢨᆖᛎᖂ୮Δ۟ച۩ڶ ᣂਙए࿇୶ழࢬᏁᇬംԳᣊᖂᖂृαΖᅝվਙެृڇՀެࡳழΔᏁຘመլ ٵറ९༼ࠎऱمΔၞ۩ຏᒌەၦհሀઝᎾᖞٽऱᄮຏެᑓڤΖࠉᖕ Apel ऱ։
࣫Δൕ 1945 ڣאࠐ༉բᆖڶጟݙ٤լٵऱ࿇୶ᓵژڇΔຍץਔԱ້ڂཎᆠ ΰKeynesianismαΕᄅײࠢᆠᓵΰNeoclassical theoryαΕشऱጵٽΰpragmatical
syncretismαא֗طխতભᖂृࢨਙएԳढࢬଠᖄऱࠉᘸᓵΰdependence
theoryαΰApel, 1993: 499-500αΖൕຍࠄլٵᓵࠢᒤऱၞሁࠐΔ֘ઊรԿ
ऱຆܺംᠲא֗سኪΰڕྡᗈॸࣥαऱ߀ᣄࢤ࿇୶Δהଚլ܀ᄎڶլٵऱ്Δ
ۖլٵഏ୮ኙ࣍ᆖᛎࢬࡳऱຂٚፖઌᚨհᆠ೭ၴΔ۞ྥՈڶԫࡳऱฆΖ
ڍࠡהञᤜࢤᏆΔڇެࠫࡳՂՈژڇထઌۿऱൣउΚڕڶᣂഗڂઝݾΕ ᏽ઼ΕڜᑗڽംᠲΖط࣍ઝᖂࢬࠐऱኔᎾᐙΔၴ൷چ૰ࠌઝᖂᏁࠡࢬ ທګհംᠲದຂٚΖຍጟᏝଖᨠլਢፖઝᖂփຝֱऄᓵՂऱშૹፖ࢘ኔ ڶᣂΔٵழՈፖઔߒᠲऱᏝଖ֗რቹڶᣂΖೈڼհ؆Δ،ޓ௫֗Աषᄎઝᖂᄅ Ꮖऱޅܒૹ৬Ζ᧩࣐ۖߠΔڼԫᏝଖૹ৬ऱױ౨ࢤΔࢨृਢᎅፖছ૪ಘᓵڶᣂ հ٤֏֗ࠡཏሙഗऱױ౨ࢤৈᖲΔᖕࠡሐᐚֱऄᓵऱᓵᢞਮዌΔ۟֟
Apelਢബඨ࣍٣᧭شᖂऱΖ᜕ࠌଡܑ۩ृլ٦ڕႚอሐᐚՂऱޣࢨᓿղ۞
ߪ۩೯ຂٚΔؘ۟֟ႊवሐڇਬጟ࿓৫ՂΔቝਢڇՠᄐઝݾऱᐙՀऱسኪٲᖲΕ ທګতקתጹ്ऱᆖᛎΕਙए೯ᤜᠲΔمഗ࣍ψ٥ٵ᧯ωࢨψᄮຏࢨ൶ ߒ٥ٵ᧯ωऱ৸ፂΔԳᣊ٤᧯Աةᥛ࿇୶Δ۞ྥՈ༉ྤױಱᝩچؘႊႃ᧯۩
ຂΖ
ЁăඕኢĈ၆ٺАរಧૄ۞ГͅޥᄃኳႷ
૿ኙ٤֏֗ᙟհۖسऱሐᐚംᠲΔڍᖂृኙ࣍Ꮭଖመ৫ڍց࿇୶ࣄထ ᐡ֨ऱኪ৫ΖࡖߢհΔApel ឈՈᡖထԫીऱኪ৫Δլመڇԫׂ֘ݮՂᖂऱ৸ᑪ հխᗑᖫԫᐐΔהഒආ࠷٣᧭ഗऱߡ৫ࠐᓵᢞሐᐚऱཏሙࢤΖڇΔطהࢬ
༼ࠎऱሐᐚૹ৬ਮዌਢܡటऱ౨ᙌᆢ᧯ऱ٥ٵຂٚΛሒګࢤᄮຏऱ٥ᢝΛ༉
ڼΔ۟֟༉ਬࠄᖂृۖߢΰࠏڕٵ᥆ऄᥞ܌壂ᖂऱ HabermasΕڍցᆠፖ৵
זαΔהଚսਢԼ։ᔆጊऱΖ
ଈ٣Δኙ࣍ᅝזऱشᖂ᠏ٻۖߢΔApel ፖ Habermasΰ۟Ոץਔ Rortyα ٵᑌીԺ࣍ᘩޣᖞٽᑛຬፖભୃᖂऱױ౨ຜஉΖࠏڕΔHabermas Ո֘ኙࢬᘯ৵
זऱ്ΔהՈٵრലشᖂီԫጟࢤᓵऱψஇ֏ऱݮڤωΰweak formαΚ
ྎ೯ՉޑঁᡏѸӅӕ܍ᏼࢌ٤ၴϸ٣ჴޑᇟҔᏢගǶΨ൩ࢂᇥǴд ॺѸӅӕᒍࢌ٤གྷϯˇˇፏӵௗڙӕཀကޑ߄ၲǴࣁقᜏගٮ
ᅿߚຬᡍ܄ޑԖਏ܄࠹ᆀǴԾךᆶдΓࣣૈ܍ᏼଆҺՖقᜏ߄ၲ܌ᔈॄଆ ޑ࣬ჹೢҺǴҭջ܌ᒏԾЬ܄ک၈܄ǶӢԜǴྎ೯ՉޑঁᡏѸ
ܭᅿڀԖ১ӃᡍѸฅ܄Ȑweak transcendental necessityȑޑȨ๊ჹѸाȩ ȐmustȑϐΠǴՠѬ٠ؒԖӢԜۓाௗڙᅿՉೕ߾ޑೕጄ܄ϐȨ๊
ჹѸाȩǴόᆅԜȨ๊ჹѸाȩࢂցૈவက୍ፕޑفࡋᗋচࣁၰቺࡓ߾ೕ
ጄޑԖਏ܄Ǵ܈வሽॶፕفࡋᗋচࣁಔᓬ༈ሽॶǴ܈வᡍޑفࡋᗋচ ࣁಔמೌೕ߾ޑਏҔ܄ǶಔคёᗉխޑགྷϯࡌᄬΑᅿၲԋှޑ Չჴ୍ϐϸ٣ჴޑ୷ᘵǴځёаၸץղ܄ޑჴ፬ᔠຎςԖϐ่݀Ǵ٠ ЪຬຫځԾيǶȐHabermas, 1992/1996: 4ȑ
᜕ࠌהଚڰཚڇᓵઔߒՂյඔ࿇Δ܀৵ࠐהଚঞਢ࿇୶נ૮ฆऱمΚ ܛψ٣᧭ωࢨψཏሙωشᖂऱࣴฆΰGamwell, 1997: 21-45αΖૉ༉ࢬᘯऱཏሙ
شᖂࠐΔHabermas ࢬආ࠷ऱشᖂمΔࠡு֨ܛΚψڇୌࠄයٙૻࠫՀΔ ߢᎅऱ۩೯ױאขسόٽऱ٥ᢝύΛωΔࠡኔຍᇙऱߢᎅঞܛਢᓵψڶயࢤ
ጠωऱࠫࢤᄗ࢚Ζೈڼհ؆Δהືڍ൷࠹ലუᄮຏൣቼݮګհ٥ᢝီԫ ጟψᄷ٣᧭ωΰquasi-transcendentalαऱݮڤΔಾኙژڇ࣍ψᆖ᧭ૹ৬ωհषᄎઝ ᖂፖψ٣᧭ୃᖂωऱ։Δࠌהൕآ٤ᒌ൷࠹ Apel ऱψ٣᧭شᖂωૠΖྥ
ۖΔ༉ Kant ٣᧭ୃᖂऱڃូمߢհΔApel ਢٞቹ༉ᓵؘࢤቃհ֘ઊࢤ
ྒྷᇢ܂ഗ៕ѧѧڼܛছ૪ࢬᘯ֘৸ऱഗΖ
૿ኙشᖂمऱฆΔૉਊᅃ Kant ኙ࣍٣᧭ࢤऱᇞΔ܂ԫ֊ᆖ᧭ױ౨ ࢤऱࣟ۫Δࠡ۞ߪլױ౨܂ᆖ᧭ઔߒऱኙွΖ؆Δ༉ Habermasψუᄮຏ٥ ٵ᧯ωፖ Apelψ٣᧭᧯ωऱ։ᑑᄷۖߢΔKrings ਢނ༽Լ։ᄷᒔΚڇ։࣫
ୃᖂႚอհ؆ᎁױॺᆖ᧭ᐋڻऱᓵֱٻΔঁਢ Habermas ऱψཏሙشᖂωΙۖ
ॻ࣍ڶயࢤഗࡉছ༼Δঞਢ Apel ऱψ٣᧭شᖂωΖࠡኔΔૉࠥრൕᘰ ࠨऱ֨ኪᨠհΔፖࠡᎅ Apel ਢፖ֘ኙृհၴၞ۩ୃᖂಘᓵΔଙլڕᎅਢڇዌԫ ጟუψࡲඒ٥ٵ᧯ωऱࠃᄐΔ౨ജፂᢀڼԫ٥ٵ᧯ژڇऱഄԫطΔঁਢהಇ
ᇨऱॾٛࢨףԵኙฆጤඈೈऱᆣᖏΖངߢհΔڕڼᣤऱൎࠫࢤΰᕣጥਢᓵՂΔ
ۖॺψඒऱωα۞ྥᄎࡉشᖂࢬၲ໌ऱ۞طᆠᨠ࢚᫆լԵΖᖕڼΔKrings
ঁ堚ᄑਐנΰฐᖠࣔΔ1998Κ28-29ΙKrings & Baumgartner, 1979: 345-411αΚApel ኙᓵᖂᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ऱዌທΔ༓ਢঋ֏ඒᄎᓵऱठΖՈ༉ਢᎅΔຍ ጟᓵរਢഗڇψࡲඒॾٛࠫ৫ωΰtheo-logischαऱഗ៕հՂΔࠉᖕຍᑌऱᓵΔ լਢഗᅮஈऱދԵݮګԱඒᄎ᧯ࠫΔઌ֘چথਢඒᄎ᧯ࠫ൳ࠫထഗᅮஈΖᅝ Apel ނᄮຏ٥ٵ᧯ᓿղψึᄕऱ٣᧭ഗωհچۯΔ،ኙ࣍ଡ᧯ऱᄮຏ۩೯Ո༉ࠠໂ ԱྤයٙऱᚌۯࢤΖ߷ࢴ൷࠹ݮႿუᄮຏයٙऱԳΔঁᄎψࡷڕฆඒஈω ऱ࿖ቼΔ٣᧭ᓵऱࠫࢤᄗ࢚Ոᄎ᧢ګψඒᄎհ؆ྤඑᦱΰextra ecclesiam nulla
salusαωऱঞΖ
ࠡڻΔ૿ኙᏝଖࢨሐᐚઌኙ֏ࢬࠐऱٲᖲΰრਐᏝଖ᧯ߓऱഽᑭαΔאψԳ ᦞωऱᤜᠲࠐΔޅေृڍီհאֱ۫זհ۞طᆠऱு֨Ꮭଖഗ៕Ζ
ٚ۶ٞቹലԳᦞᏝଖᨠഏᎾ֏Εཏሙ֏ऱ္ޣΔ۞ྥՈؘႊ૿ኙψԳᦞωᨠ࢚ྤ
ऄψॺֱ۫ωհֱࣟࢨْཎᥞݙ٤൷࠹ऱ࿖ቼΰൕભᜤ૨ৱْࢮ܌ᖏ ঈא֗ڃඒاઌኙאඛଈެԫټભഏԳ܂༚۩உΔྤጊچຟᨃࠠڶ ཏᏝଖऱψԳᦞω࠹ࠩ⯏ໜαΖڂڼΔૉലψԳᦞωᐈᠾچࡳאψ۞طΕؓ
Ε໑ფωᨠ࢚ཬऱഗ៕Δ᧩ྥຍࠄᄗؘ࢚ࡳਢፖࠡاై塄ጹയچৈٽ ڇԫದऱΰVandenberg, 1990αΖ܀ڕڼսࢵીψ৵۞طᆠωΰpost-liberalismα6 ᣤᏩچޅܒΖGrayΰ2000αڇπ۞طᆠऱࠟጟ૿ᎎρΰTwo Faces of Liberalismα խΔᎁႚอ۞طᆠڤऱᐈ୲Δএ៶طԫጟψٽऱլٵრωհუΔཚৱ౨
ᇞٺጟཏሙ္ޣհၴऱኙمፖᓢડΙ܀ਢΔ،ൕآ࣋ඵሒګԳᣊ່ࡸس
ֱڤհუ٥ᢝΖהऴߢޅܒႚอ۞طᆠୃᖂΔᎁ،ଚսࠉ༛ထඔ፞৸ፂհ ཏሙᆠمΖ༉אψԳᦞωࠏΔהլ܀ޅܒψԳᦞߢωڍයؾੌ࣍ຫ៱
6 Gray܌ᒏȨࡕԾҗЬကȩȐpost-liberalismȑȐGray, 2000: 139ȑǺдЬᙖҗȨኩु
ڐȩޑᢀᗺǴБय़ុࣁԾҗЬက܌மᒏϐکѳӅӸۺ፧ុոΚǹќѦǴѬ ௭కΑᄬࡘΓᜪനӳǵϐғࢲԄᆶᡏڋϐߞۺǴࢎᄬӭϡԾҗЬကޑፕॊ୷ ᘵǶ
ࢨլٽழࡵΙٵழΔהޓᎁψ۞طᄗ࢚ءߪऱլᒔࡳࢤωΔທګ۞طᆠᓵ૪ऱ ཏሙ֏უྤऄሒګΖ
ፖψԳᦞωᄗ࢚ऱޅေΔApel ᧩ྥਢආ࠷Աࢬᘯψ٣᧭ഗωऱᑓڤࠐᓵᢞ ཏሙऱছ༼Δ܀ਢᓵऱ࿓ݧࢤፖၲ࣋ࢤ౨ജڍցᏝଖ༼נঅᎽႯΛڇ٤
֏հψ֮֏ጟᘜٽωွףᝪհᎾΔ༉ψױᇞࢤጠωહ৵ܧհ֮֏
ፖߢ౧ऱᓤᠧ֏Δ༉ߩאᨃψઌյᇞࢤωژڇኔᎾऱܺᣄΖٵழΔٵᑌਢ
༉ Hobbes ᨠរऱᇞᦰΔGray থսᎁᕣጥ Hobbes ءߪࠀլ᥆࣍ٚ۶ݮኪऱڍց
ᆠᓵृΔ܀הऱਙएᄗ࢚থױאڍցᆠऱᓵ૪ݮڤࠐףא᠏֏Κܛਙएऱؾ ऱլڇ࣍ึᖏञΔۖਢڇ༞հխሒګԫጟψᑉૡ࠰ᤜωΰmodus vivendiαΖڂ ڼΔࢬᘯψᑉૡ࠰ᤜωլ܀ױאԫ໎ةၝΔۖ،ޓਢԫଡᥛऱ೯ኪᖵ࿓Ζ।
૿ՂΔຍᑌऱᨠរࡉ Apel ऱᓵشᖂԼ։ઌۿΔ܀ Gray ऱψᑉૡ࠰ᤜωথਢ ԫጟψ۞طᓵհڍցᆠωऱ᧯Ιۖ Apel ऱ٣᧭ୃᖂ֘৸Δۿڇ٣᧭ࢤऱཏ ሙࢤࡎᠲխΔឈྥژڇထψᓵᖵ࿓ፖ٥ᢝऱլᒔࡳࢤωհڜඈΔऴ൷ᢞೕԱڍ ցࠀژऱױ౨ࢤΖ
່৵Δቝ Huntingtonΰ1996αڇπ֮ࣔऱᓢડፖ఼ݧऱૹ৬ρΰThe Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Orderαհխ༼נࢬᘯ֮ࣔࢨ֮֏ᓢડऱ ᓵរΔ᧤ᙀՂऱψኙཏሙωૉྤऄګمΔ߷Ꮦԫጟ၌נழ़ࢨ֮֏ૻࠫऱ
ᒤ༉ਢᣄאუቝऱΖངߢհΔψ່Օऱױ౨ࢤωࢨψ່܅ૻ৫ωךࠡၦՈ
ႛ౨ਢઌኙ֏ࢨڍցࠀژऱउΖ܀ਢΔૉႉထ Apel ऱ৸უࠐංᓵΔהᚨᄎٵ რڕՀऱᨠរΚሐᐚڍցᆠլ౨ݙ٤ٵ࣍ሐᐚऱኙઌኙᆠΖٍܛᇠൎᓳ ऱլਢཏሙऱ৳ঞ۞ߪΔۖਢԳଚڇ૿ኙ༞ܒឰऱڍցࢤհᎾΔ౨ܘԺਐנு
֨ऱഗءঞࠀᇢထ࠷ᒤऱ٥ᢝѧѧ༉ਢ൷࠹ᓵऱشঞࠀཚৱუᄮ ຏऱሒګΖ।૿ՂΔࢨݺଚױא൷࠹ڼጟյᇖࢤمΚܛᎁࡳԫጟਝਢڍցԾ ౨၌။ࠠ᧯ᏝଖᨠऱཏሙᆠΖຍጟյᇖᣂএऱٽᇭᤩڇ࣍Κኔᔆऱڍցࢤࡉ
֟ᑇഗءঞऱཏሙࢤΔࠟृԫլױΖڕ࣠ࢭᎁሐᐚڍցᆠۖܡᎁഗءᏝ ଖऱཏሙࢤΔ߷༉ྤऄፖሐᐚઌኙᆠࡉဠྤᆠܑၲࠐΙڕ࣠ࢭᎁഗءᏝ ଖऱཏሙࢤۖܡᎁሐᐚऱኔᔆڍցΔ߷ᏖຍԾፖᗑឰᓵࡉറࠫྤऄܑΖڂڼ։
堚լٵᐋڻᏝଖᨠऱܑΔނڍց֏ፖཏሙࢤڶᖲچٽದࠐΔApel ऱ٣᧭ཏሙ
࿓ݧፖኔᔆڍցऱᖂਮዌΔۿՈ౨ᛧીٽࢤፖإᅝࢤΖ
᜕ࠌڕڼΔᅝ Apel ආ࠷२ Kant ࡳߢחڤऱ٣᧭ഗৎኪΔ۞ྥྤऄᨃה ፖኔᔆڍցᆠၴঅԫીΖ༉ڕ๗ڇπᏘढᓵρխ༼֗Κψ۞ݺᨠհΔոᆠհ ጤΔਢॺհჁΔᑕྥ⒔႖Δܠ༞౨वࠡΜωࢨኔᎾسᆖ᧭ઃڇ࣍֘ਠנᏝ ଖᨠࢨᒤऱઌኙࢤΖٵᑌऱΔ৸٤ऱཏሙࢤΔؘࡳࢭ࠹ࠐ۞ઌኙ
ᆠऱਗᖏΖڕ࣠ᎅΔୃᖂᓵ૪խࢬᘯऱψഗ៕ᆠωএਐԫጟאቃ٣ࡳऱঞ
ഗ៕ऱԫጟ၌။ࢤٞቹΚᝩ܍ലొጰऱॾ࢚ࢨآᆖᛀᢞऱ܂Δԫ༖ൣᣋچॾ אటΰBernstein, 1983: 8-12; Fish, 1989: 342αΖ᧩ྥΔApel ᓵᖂਢࠠڶഗ
៕ᓵऱۥΖۖഗ៕ᓵࢬቃ٣ࡳհঞԾᄎਐԫጟ᧤ᙀՂऱசѧѧ ڼܛط H. Albert ࢬਐנհψ֘৸ࢤωഗࢬᄎᔡሖऱψԿᣄᓵڤωΰMuench-
hause-Trilemmaαऱܺݝࢨृਢ৸ፂᗑឰ֏ऱސಗࠏڕ৵ז֘ഗ៕ऱمᎁ
ࡳψᣂ࣍ࠃኔΕటΕإᒔࢤΕࣔཐࢤऱംᠲਝྤऄ༼נΔՈྤൕڃωΰFish,
1989: 344αऱԫጟኪ৫Ζ
ጵߢհΔ૿ኙՂ૪լٵمऱᔆጊΔApel থսഒආ࠷א٣᧭شᖂࠐڃᚨ ኙ֫ऱޅܒΖ᧩࣐ۖߠΔլᓵהڕ۶ᄕԺᏍΔ۟֟ൕ֘ኙऱߡ৫ߢհΔ٣᧭
ഗࠡኔսլߩא܂ሐᐚܺቼऱഄԫᇞެߜֱΖᔆߢհΔཏሙऱ٣᧭ഗΔ ࠀॺψཏሙؘྥωऱᏁޣΔۖਢ Apel ۞աᏝଖࢨॾ࢚ऱ۞ݺቃཚۖբΖឈᎅ ڕڼΔ༉ࠡኙψ٤֏ፖԳᣊሐᐚቼωऱ९ཚᣂࣹΔ৸ڧψ٤֏࿇୶Հऱ ֆؓፖإᆠհᄅᘋᤜᠲωΔࠡᑷൣፖಥսਢଖ्ࡳऱΖ
ણ҂͛ᚥ
׆ঊΰ2003αΖհॺࢤᄭᙰፖ৵זऱᐚߛრොط٣᧭යٙΕْࢍࢆཎൣࠩ
༭ஙࠆشऱ᠏މΖཱིԼৱߑ้ఀىᏰൢȂ:Δ1-22Ζ
܀ਟΰ2002αΖ१ᔔᅭޟਝઉ፣ΖፕקΚᖂ༄Ζ
ฐᖠࣔΰ1998αΖψ٣᧭شᖂωፖഗᓵΖՌณ៝ᜌݲଉȂ34ΰ4αΔ22-29Ζ
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Apel, K.-O. (1973b). Transformation der Philosophie (Bad 2)—Das Apiriori der Kommunika- tionsgemeinschaft [Transformation of Philosophy]. Frankfurt am Main,Germany:
Suhrkamp.
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Apel, K.-O. (1994a). Karl-Otto Apel selected essays-(vol. 1): towards a transcendental semiotics (E. Mandietta, Ed.). NJ: Humanities.
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Kluwer Academic.
Apel, K.-O. (1998a). From a transcendental-semiotic point of view (M. Papastephanou, Ed.).
Manchester, England: Manchester University Press.
Apel, K.-O. (1998bΔ10 ִ). My intellectual biography in the context of contemporary phi-
losophy.ᓵ֮࿇।࣍ଉཽխ֮ՕᖂୃᖂߓᜰᙄհψଉཽᄅࠅೃᙒᗪᝑஆωΔଉཽΖ
Apel, K.-O. (1999). The response of discourse ethics—to the moral challenge of the human situation as such and especially today. Leuven, Belgium: Peeters.
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Bauman, Z. (1993). Postmodern ethics. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
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Mohr Siebeck.
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