人類輪狀病毒現況

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710 901

( acute gastroenteritis )

( A-G ) A

14 G-serotype 20 P-serotype

G1-4 G9 G1P8

( Acute gastroenteritis ) ( Human rotavirus ) G/P ( G/P serotype )

( acute gastroen- t e r i t i s )

( WHO ) 6

5 1 9 %

1

70% 10-20%

( human rotavirus, HRV )

²

1985 De Zoysa

6% HRV

20%

³

467 5 5 %

HRV', Adenovirus 8% 7%

¹¹

2005

Chen, K.Y. 2001 2003 2600

5 2 %

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H R V 4 3 %

1 1 % 2 . 5 %

⁴

HRV (

)

3,5

H RV

HRV ( reoviridae )

( genus ) Ruth Bishop 1973

( nonenveloped ) ( capsid )

11 RNA

6

( )

V P 4 V P 7

VP1 VP2 VP3 VP6

V P 6

( group specific antigen )

( A-G ) A

C

7

A

B C

1983 B

8

HRV Group

C 1 9 8 0 1 9 8 2

7

HRV

group B C Group A

( electropherotype )

11 dsRNA

polyacrylamide gel

9,10,11

NA HA

V P 4 V P 7

( serotype ) P

G 14 G

G1 G4 G1

12,13,14

2006 Ahmed, H.M.

260 The function and properties of rotavirus genome

Genome segment Gene product Location in virus particle Function and properties

1 VP1 Inner capsid RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

2 VP2 Inner capsid Inner capsid structural protein

3 VP3 Inner capsid 1. Guanylyltransferase

2. Methyltransferase

4 VP4,5,8 Outer capsid 1. Virus infectivity enhanced by trypsin cleavage of VP4 into VP5 and VP8

2. Hemagglutinin and P-type neutralization antigen

5 NSP1 Nonstructural 1. Associates with cytoskeleton

2. Virus specific 5’-mRNA binding

6 VP6 Middle capsid 1. Major virion protein

2. middle capsid structural protein 3. subgroup antigen

7 NSP3 Nonstructural Involved in translation regulate and host shut-off

8 NSP2 Nonstructural Associated with viral replication

9 VP7 Outer capsid 1. Outer capsid structural glycoprotein

2. G-type neutralization antigen

10 NSP4 Nonstructural 1. Associated with virion release

2. Enterotoxin

11 NSP5,6 Nonstructural Interacts with VP2,NSP2,VP5 and VP6

( The RNAs and Proteins of dsRNA Viruses: Edited by Mertens PPC, Attoui H, Bamford DH.)

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RT-PCR G1 38%

G4 ( 20% ) G2 ( 17% ) G9 ( 11% )

¹²

type-specific-primer

G1

44.8% G9 ( 21.7% ) G2 ( 15.0% ) G4 ( 13.8% )

¹⁵

G1-G4

¹⁶

2004 Sung,Y.L

G1 ( 51% ) G9 ( 31% ) G3 ( 12% ) G2 ( 3% ) and G4 ( 3% )

²

2001 2003 G9

( 37% ) G1 31%

⁴

G 9

2006 2000 2002

G9

4 ( 3.3% ) 79 ( 33.8 ) 161 ( 54.8 ) 244 ( 37.7% )

17

2 0 0 2 F a n g , Z . Y. 1 9 9 8 -

2000 10 3177

H RV G 1

72.6% G3,G2,G4,G9

14.2%, 12.1%, 2.5%, 0.9%

¹⁸

( fecal-oral route )

( tracheal aspirates ) ELISA 2 7 . 6 %

HRV HRV

19

( nondividing mature enterocyte )

( NSP4 ) ( ENS )

5

G9-type non-G9

83%

²

( severe de- hydration )

⁴

H RV

^{2 0}

C S F H RV 2 0 0 1

Lynch, M. 2 CSF

HRV

21

( enzyme-linked immunoassay, ELISA ) ( latex agglutination, LA )

( sensitivity ) ( specificity )

2004 Altindis,M. 135 3

L A E L I S A H RV

P A G E 9 0 %

22

( primer ) RT-PCR ( reverse transcriptase PCR )

( amplification )

EIA EM

RT-PCR HRV 48%

23

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1997 Lee,C.N. VP7 ( G ) ( FFN ) ( ELISA-MAb ) ( RT-PCR ) ELISA-

MAb RT-PCR G

F F N

RT-PCR G 89.4%

93.2%

G

²⁴

P C R

( real time PCR ) PCR

HRV 2004 Pang

Real-time

RT-PCR Nested PCR RT-PCR HRV

Real-

time RT-PCR

²⁵

HRV ( pri-

mary cell ) ( continuous cell ) CV-1 ( African green monkey kidney cells ) MA-104 ( Rhesus monkey kidney cells )

26

( trypsin )

27

H RV

HRV

1 9 9 8 8 F D A

( RotaShield ) G1-4

( intussusception )

1999

^{2 9}

HRV

30,31

GlaxoSmithKlin ( Rotarix )

G1P[8]

: R o t a r i x 85% Vesikari score

100%

²⁸

Merck

( WC3 ) ( Rotateq )

( G 1 -

4,P8 ) 2006 Vesikari

G1-4

94.5%

³²

11 ( co-infection )

3 3

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Current Status in Human Rotavirus and Laboratory Methods

Ting-Chun Hung, Yung-Liang Liao, and Yih-Jyue Yang

Acute infectious gastroenteritis is a quite extensive and common disease, has already become the disease second only to respiratory tract infection. The illness is often spread through the poor hygiene and sanitation, or contaminated food and water. According to the investigation of epidemiology, all syndrome of the gastroenteritis belongs to acute and infectious rotavirus gastroenteritis is responsible for the significant gastrointestinal disease no matter the adult or the child all have an opportunity to be infected. Usually mild or asymptom in adult with ro- tavirus gastroenteritis, but often cause the severe diarrheal diseases in infant of six months to two years of age, and deaths because of severe dehydrating diarrhea. In presence, rotaviruses are divided into seven major groups (A-G), group A is the most important pathogen. In addition can subdivide 14 kinds of G-serotype and exceed 20 kinds of P-serotype in accordance with the virus surface structure of which G1-G4 and G9 are commonly found in human, and the G-P combination G1P8 is common type worldwide. ( J Intern Med Taiwan 2007; 18: 256- 261 )

Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Foundation

Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan