資訊科技教育與學科有關系列:
運用3D打印機和資訊科技工具促進物理科的學與教
IT in Education Subject-related Series:
Using 3D Printers and IT Tools to Enhance Learning and Teaching of Physics
(SESSION 1)
Instructors:
Mr CHUNG Fu Yuen (Peter), Mr NG Sze Ho (Stephen), Mr HUNG Yam Hei (Barton) and Mr CHOI Wai Kit (Gavin)
香港大學電子學習發展實驗室 e-Learning Development Laboratory
The University of Hong Kong
Professional Development Training 1
課程目標
新興立體 (3D) 打印技術日漸普及,此技術能讓學生和教師設計和製 作用於物理演示和實驗的物件或零件。借助3D打印技術,教師和學 生可以特製不同形狀、尺寸和質量的物件或零件,進行更多學校實 驗室標準設備或儀器無法實現的演示和實驗。透過掌握3D打印技術,
學生不但可學習物理科的知識和技能,還可在學習過程中展示其創 新、創意及解難能力。 透過本課程讓學員:
(一) 透過應用於物理科探究活動的3D打印技術,掌握設計及製作物 件或零件的基本技巧;
(二) 利用3D打印技術設計教學活動,以提升學生對物理現象與應用 的興趣和理解; 及
(三) 利用資訊科技工具,以提升學生整合及應用STEM相關學科知識 和技能的能力。
Professional Development Trainin 2
第一節 課程流程 (3 小時)
A.
介紹使用基本的3D打印技術 (10 mins)B.
介紹能應用於物理科學與教活動中的3D打印物件或零件的製作方 法(例如:飛輪,3D平衡的酒瓶架)(20 mins)
C.
介紹有關3D打印物件或零件等綜合活動的例子(20 mins)a.
介紹3D物件線上資源b.
介紹捕捉3D物件的方法D.
實踐工作坊:利用TinkerCAD軟件設計和製作與物理科相關的3D 物件a.
介紹TinkerCAD (10 mins)b.
Project 1: 簡單的直流電機線圈Simple DC motor coil (40 mins)c.
Project 2: FBI教學包 FBI teaching kits (30 mins)E.
如何使用3D打印機打印3D物件(包括使用Repetier-Host) (25 mins)a.
小組討論和個人作業 (10+10 mins)F.
總結 (10 mins)Professional Development Training 3
第二節的物理科實驗例子介紹時序 Schedule of Physics experiments
1. 打開瓶蓋 -一個力量的轉動效果Turning effect of a force
2. “反圍攻”機器 ‘anti-siege’ machine - 一個力量的轉動效果Turning effect of a force
3. 平衡瓶架Balance bottle holder – 自由體圖Free body diagram 4. 船舶 - 重心和浮力中心
5. 右手握法則– EM
6. Fleming左手法則和右手法則 (FBI) – EM 7. 直流電機 DC motor – EM
8. 鏡架 - 光學Mirror stand – Optics
9. 風力發電機組 - 能源Wind turbine – Energy
10. 衛星(地球靜止衛星) - 引力 Stationary satellite (Geostationary satellite) – Gravitation
Professional Development Training 4
A. 介紹基本的3D打印技術
Introduction of using basic 3D-Printing technology (15 mins)
1. 兩種主要3D打印機的操作原理:
a.
笛卡爾坐標系XYZ-axis type 3D打印機
b.
三角型Delta type 3D打印機
c.
兩種3D打印機的優缺點
Professional Development Training 5
兩種主要3D打印機的操作原理
Operating principal of the two major types of 3D printer
Professional Development Training 6
1. Cartesian (xyz-axis type) 3D- printer
直角坐標系(笛卡爾坐標系)
3D打印機
2. Delta type 3D- printer
(三角型3D打印機)
1.直角坐標系(笛卡爾坐標系) 3D打印機 XYZ-axis (Cartesian) type 3D-printer
•
笛卡爾3D打印機以三維 坐標系命名 - X,Y和Z軸 - 用於確定三維移動的位 置和方式。
•
笛卡爾3D打印機通常具 有僅在Z軸上移動的打印 床。 擠出機坐落在X軸 和Y軸上,可以在龍門架 上沿四個方向移動
。Professional Development Training 7
2. 三角型3D打印機 Delta type 3D-printer
• 如何設計3D Delta打印
(
http://www.robotmaker.eu/ROBOTmaker/3d-printing/3d-delta-printing-designs)
Professional Development Training 8
直角坐標系笛卡爾打印機的優點和缺點
Introduction of Pros & Cons of Cartesian Printer
• 優點:
–
簡單的校準和錯誤分析/校正
–
大多數切片軟件(slicing software)的設計都考慮到了笛卡 爾,特別是關於它們固有的弱點。
–
通常使用龍門式擠出機 (gantry-mounted extruders)。
–
比較常見雙重擠壓 (Dual extrusion )
–
能夠承受高加速度並且速度非常快。
–
更常見和更多的社區資源可用。
Professional Development Training 9
•
缺點:
– Z軸運動非常緩慢。
– 底板在大多數設計中都會移動,並且施工錯誤通常會 導致無意的X-Y移位產生“Z-banding”。
– 所有設計在每個運動軸上都有不同的慣量(inertias)。
– 這可能會影響加速度 (acceleration)
– 必須仔細監控皮帶張力以防止X-Y間隙(這將導致橢圓 形(elliptical circles)和其他偽影(fun artifacts))。
Professional Development Training 10
直角坐標系笛卡爾打印機的優點和缺點
Introduction of Pros & Cons of Cartesian Printer (Cont’)
三角型3D打印機的 優點和缺點 Introduction of Pros & Cons of
Delta type 3D-printer
•
優點:
–
非常高的加速度和速度。
–
結構簡單,組裝、維修等都較為方便
–
沒有固有的首選移動方向。
–
微小的校准或機械錯誤通常是看不可見的。
–
對與絲杆、光軸的切割精度要求不高
–
一旦組裝好,維護成本低。
–
需要的部件较少
資料來源:
https://www.reddit.com/r/3Dprinting/comments/2rpx98/advice_delta_vs_cartesian/?st=j9z us4c8&sh=32632b70
http://www.dayinpai.com/topic/post/f8504
Professional Development Training 11
三角型3D打印機的 優點和缺點 Introduction of Pros & Cons of
Delta type 3D-printer
•
缺點:
–
機體的製作精度較低,通常只能達到mm級,需要更高 的精度需要很大的力氣去調試
–
列印時,列印物體隨熱床在Y軸前後移動電源、控制板 放的位置比較隨意,不好看。
–
更長的校準(calibration)時間
–
必須使用Bowden style擠出機來獲得高速度的好處(直 接是可能的,但不常見和沈重)。
–
雙重擠出需要修改(沒有套件或打印機支持它)。
–
圓形建築區域有時會令人討厭
Professional Development Training 12
B. 介紹如何將3D物件用於物理實驗
Professional Development Training 13
例子1:飛輪 Example 1: Flywheel
• 實驗目標: 為了演示不同設計對飛輪慣性矩movement of inertia的影響。
I = Σ m i r i 2
• 設計: 設計一個旋轉持續很長的飛輪
• 設計2-3個具有不同直徑寬度和質量分佈的飛輪。
• 基本要素:旋轉對稱,圓陣
參考設計可以從iClass下載:
https://www.thingiverse.com/thing:44031
增潤內容 Enrichment
content
例子2:平衡的酒瓶架
Example 2: self-balanced wine bottle holder
• 設計目標:引入重心概念
x = Σm
ix
i /Σm
iy = Σm
iy
i/Σm
iProfessional Development Training 14
• 運用 3D打印一些樣品 (samples)以供展示及 說明
• 參加者需要使用TinkerCAD來設計一個簡單 的自動平衡葡萄酒瓶架
Professional Development Training 15
Professional Development Training 16
慣性矩的例子
Additional Examples of Moment of Inertia
增潤內容 Enrichment
content
C. 如何提供/創建物理科教學活動的物件或零件 How to source/capture objects/parts for learning and
teaching activities in Physics
Professional Development Training 17
1. 下載3D library
• e.g. 3D Warehouse, 3D object library
2. 掃描真實物件
• 如何使用3D掃描儀或智能手機來捕捉3D模 型
3. 使用免費軟件設計和構建3D物件
• e.g. TinkerCAD (a freeware)
網上平台資源 Available web-resource platforms:
1. 3D Warehouse
https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com/
2. 3D Printing object libraries
https://all3dp.com/1/free-stl-files-3d-printer-models-3d-print-files-stl- download/
18
1. Download from 3D library
如何從網上資源下載3D object用於創建AR應用程式
Professional Development Training
3D模型的在線資源
Thingiverse
https://www.thingiverse.com/
有三維模型的相關教材提供
Professional Development Training 19
3D模型的在線資源
3D Warehouse
Professional Development Training 20
https://3dwarehouse.sketchup.com/?hl=en
3D模型的在線資源
Google Poly
https://poly.google.com/
載有3D Model, AR 和VR等資源
Professional Development Training 21
• 更多資訊:
–
https://all3dp.com/1/free-3d-models-download-best-sites-3d-archive-3d/
22
其他3D 物件的網上資源
Site 3D
Printing
Engineering Architecture/
Visualization
Animation Gaming Graphic Design
Archive/
Documentation
3D Digital Doubles ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
3D Scanstore ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘
3D Warehouse ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘
3DContentCentral ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
3Delicious ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
3DExport ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
3DModelFree ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
3DShook ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
3dsky ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
Archive 3D ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
Autodesk Online Gallery ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
Bitgem ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘
blankRepository ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
Blendswap ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
CADNav ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
CGTrader ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
Clara.io ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
Cults ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
Professional Development Training
Site 3D Printing Engineering Architecture/
Visualization
Animation Gaming Graphic Design Archive/
Documentation
Design Connected ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘
Dimensiva ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
Evermotion ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
FlyingArchitecture ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
Free3D ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
GB3D Type Fossils ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔
gCreate ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
GrabCAD ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
Human Alloy ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘
Instructables ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
Kenney ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘
MorphoSource ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔
MyMiniFactory ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
NASA 3D Resources
✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔
OpenGameArt ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘
Orchard ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
23 Professional Development Training
Site 3D Printing Engineering Architecture/
Visualization
Animation Gaming Graphic Design Archive/
Documentation
Pinshape ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
PixelLab ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
Renderpeople ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘
ShareCG ✘ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
Sketchfab ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘
Smithsonian X3D
✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
STLFinder ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
Syncronia ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✘
Thingiverse ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
TinkerCAD Things
✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘
Trace Parts ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
TurboSquid ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✘
Unity Asset Store
✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘ ✘
Viz-People ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✘
Yobi3D ✔ ✘ ✘ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✘
YouMagine ✔ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘
24 Professional Development Training
建議的3D物件的文件類型
Suggested File Types of 3D objects
•
STL file (suggested)
•
SKP file (normally us “.gcode” file type
Professional Development Training 25
• Download / Scan
• Design
26
3D影像/圖像掃描的主要方法
Input Output
3D打印 3D Printing
攝影測量(通過圖像處理)
Photogrammetry (by Image processing)
3D掃描儀 (通過物件深度測量)
3D Scanner (by object depth measurement)
人面辨識效果
攝影測量(通過圖像處理)
Photogrammetry (by image processing)
• 攝影測量軟件Photogrammetry Software e.g.
Qlone, SCANN3D, Trnio
(Qlone,SCANN3D的操作將在第二節介紹)
Professional Development Training 27
3D掃描儀 (通過對象深度測量)
3D Scanner (by object depth measurement)
•
檢測物件的深度(從掃描儀到物體的距離)Detect the depth of the object (distance from the scanner to the object)
Professional Development Training 28
圖像辨識的3D掃描儀 Image-based 3D Scanner
• 360度旋轉轉台 Turn table rotate 360 degree
• 通過照片相機拍攝 Capture by photo camera
Professional Development Training 29
攝影測量 和 3D掃描儀 之分別 Difference between
Photogrammetry and 3D scanner
•
https://youtu.be/20jvnEtgRIU
Professional Development Training 30
• TinkerCAD
– 官方網站: https://www.tinkercad.com/
– 教學影片: https://www.youtube.com/user/Tinkercad
31
D.介紹如何運用TinkerCAD創建3D對象?
Introduction of how to design 3D objects using TinkerCAD
Professional Development Training
Professional Development Training 32
Step 1: Open TinkerCAD Website
第一步:開啟TinkerCAD網站 URL:
https://www.tinkercad.com
建議瀏覽器Suggested Browser:
Google Chrome
Step 2: Create an account 第二步:創建TinkerCAD用戶
2.1 於右上角按 「註冊」(Sign Up) 2.2 按指示輸入所需的資料,直至
顯示「帳戶已建立」的信息。
Professional Development Training 33
Step 3: Dashboard 第三步:進入主頁
Professional Development Training 34
如何匯入已下載的3D物件作簡單改動
Import the downloaded 3D Object for simple adjustment
Step 1: Download file from https://www.thingiverse.com/
(or any other); Step 2:匯入 Import;
Step 3: Choose a file; Step 4: 匯入Import
Professional Development Training 35
Step 4: Create a design 第四步:建立新設計
Professional Development Training 36
Step 5: Rename the design 第五步:重新命名設計名稱
Professional Development Training 37
滑鼠控制 Mouse Control
Professional Development Training 38
放大/縮小, 移動
旋轉不同角度 選取/移動
技能提示 Skills Tips
鍵盤快捷鍵 Keyboard shortcuts
Professional Development Training 39
技能提示 Skills Tips
項目1:創建一個簡單的直流電機線圈 Project 1: Create a simple DC motor coil
Professional Development Training 40
Professional Development Training 41
工作空間
Working Space
物件 Objects (Basic Design)
Step 6: Drag suitable objects from the right bar to the working space
第六步:從右方物件庫拉動適合的物件至工作空間。
Step 7.1: Resize / Scale (by dragging dots) 第七(1)步:利用可拉動的點 調整大小/比例
Professional Development Training 42
Shift +
drag dots to keep ratio
Note: Units Setting 注意: 單位設定
Professional Development Training 43
Step 7.2: Resize / Scale (by Precise)
第七(2)步:透過輸入精確的數值 調整指定大 小/比例
Step 8: Setting of the grid 第八步:單位設定
8.1 按右下角的 「編輯網絡」
8.2 改變單位值至 (毫米 mm) (按需求而定)
Professional Development Training 44
(毫米 mm)
Step 9: Shape (Properties) 第九步:造型設定
9.1
點擊矩形Click on the rectangle 9.2 Set Radius (半徑) on
the 設置面板setting panel (as right)
參考尺寸:
Reference dimensions:半徑Radius of rounded corners= 3 ;
步驟Steps = 6 ;
長度Length = 31.12 ; 寬度Width= 20 ; and 高度Height= 20 ;
Professional Development Training 45
Camera controls (View) 利用視圖功能檢視物件方位
Professional Development Training 46
技能提示 Skills Tips
Top view 上方
Professional Development Training 47
Step 10: Set a colour 第十步:顏色設定
10.1 創建一個矩形作為第二個物件Create a rectangular as the second object
10.2 設置尺寸Set Dimension: 25mm x 5mm x 3mm 10.3 將顏色設置為黃色Set colour to yellow (or any)
Professional Development Training 48
Step 11: Move (Position) vertically 第十一步:移動物件上下位置
11.1 Select the Arrow 選擇箭嘴
11.2 Upward/ Downward 向上/下拖動
11.3 Select to move (left click) 選擇移動(左鍵 單擊)
Professional Development Training 49
Step 12: Alignment 第十二步: 對齊功能
12.1 選擇現成需要對齊的物件 12.3 按 “對齊”
Professional Development Training 50
Step 13: Diameter Setting 第十三步:設定圓柱直徑
13.1 Create a Cylinder創建一個圓柱體
13.2 Set Diameter as 3.5 mm設置直徑為3.5毫米
Professional Development Training 51
Step 14: Rotation 第十四步:旋轉
Professional Development Training 52
旋轉Rotation on x-plane / y-plane / z-plane
練習Practice
移動Move / 旋轉Rotation / 調整大小 Resize / 對齊Alignment
Professional Development Training 53
Step 15: Solid / Hole 第十五步:實體 和 孔
Professional Development Training 54
Step 16: Grouping (Merge) 第十六步:群組
16.1 選擇需要組成群組的 物件
Select the objects
needed to be grouped 16.2選擇「組成群組」
Click Group
Professional Development Training 55
Step 17: Copy & Paste 第十七步:複製 和 貼上
17.1 Select → 17.2 Copy (Ctrl+C) → 17.3 Paste (Ctrl+V)
*利用複製功能以減低設計的差異和實驗誤差。
Professional Development Training 56
網格設定的概念
• 選擇2個物件Select 2 objects 相對距離 relative distance
Professional Development Training 57
技能提示 Skills Tips
加入文字 Input Text
Professional Development Training 58
技能提示 Skills Tips
加入文字 Input Text (Cont’d)
Professional Development Training 59
技能提示 Skills Tips
Step 18: Export 第十八步:匯出
18.1 匯出 Export
18.2 Choose stl file type
18.3 儲存於合適位置
Professional Development Training 60
Step 19: Share 第十九步:分享
Professional Development Training 61
提交Tinkercad 設計作品STL file
1. 利用「匯出」功能下載 STL 格式的file 2. 儲存於桌面
3. 傳送至壓縮檔案 Zip File/ 7-zip
4. 傳送你的Zip file 至
eltraining@eee.hku.hk
注意命名名稱: (iClass username_EngFullName) (e.g. 3dprint0101_Chan Tai Man)
a. 電郵標題: (iClass username_EngFullName) (e.g. 3dprint0101_Chan Tai Man)
b. 附加壓縮檔案
Professional Development Training 62
壓縮檔案方法
Professional Development Training 63
15分鐘休息環節 Break (15 mins)
You can still try to do the practice 1!
Professional Development Training 64
重溫 Revision
1. Move 移動
2. Rotation 迴轉 3. Resize 調整大小 4. Alignment 對準 5. Group 群組
6. Hole 孔
7. Export 匯出
Professional Development Training 65
項目2:設計一個教學工具包 Project 2:
Design a teaching kit (FBI)
Professional Development Training 66
小組討論作業環節 –
有效運用3D打印機和資訊科技工具 促進物理科的學與教
1. 按你任教科目分2-3人一組
2. 請就作業題目討論適合「運用3D打印機和資訊 科技工具促進物理科的學與教」的課題
3. 利用iClass 開放式題目(Open-end) 活動提交你 們的討論所得的想法
67
其他科目:
如你是任教其他科目,你可就你的科目設計3D 打印的教學活動,以促進該科的學與教
Professional Development Training
例子介紹
• 相關網站
• 水火箭
• Electric motor
• Brushless motor
Professional Development Training 68
小組討論- 課題分享 環節
個人作業提交(透過iClass LMS)
69 Professional Development Training
Repetier-Host
軟件用法:將3D物件剪切成片Software usage: To cut the 3D object into slides
打印程序 Procedure for printing
Step 1: 在網上下載Download Repetier-Host on web
(available in the PC of the training venue)
– https://www.repetier.com/download-now/
Professional Development Training 70
Professional Development Training 71
Step 2: 打印機設置Printer Settings
Professional Development Training 72
Step 3: 比例Scaling
檢查比例 Check Scaling
Step 4: 切片機Slicer
Click “Slice with CuraEngine” under tab “Slicer”
Professional Development Training 73
Step 5: 匯出 Export G-code file Click “Save to File”
Professional Development Training 74
Step 6: 檢查打印統計數據 Check the print statistics
• 檢查打印所需的時 間和材料
• 確保有足夠的材料
• 保存文件和SD卡
Professional Development Training 75
Step 7: 儲存 store in SD Card
填充圖層 Infill Layer
Professional Development Training 76
認識填充百分比、層高和填充圖案的影響
Influence of infill %, layer height and infill pattern
Professional Development Training 77
Infill increases cost/quality/printing time/strength increases
E. 如何設置3D打印機How to set the 3D Printer
• 打印機設置Printer Setting
– 隨打印機包提供的規格specifications provided with the package of printer
• 預熱打印機Pre-heat the printer
Professional Development Training 78
打印示範
Demonstration of printing
• Step 1:
在打印台上粘上膠帶
Stick a sticky tape on theprint table
• Step 2: 插入Insert the SD Card
• Step 3:
選擇
Select “Print from SD Card” from the menuProfessional Development Training 79
SD Card
打印3D物件的一些提示和常見錯誤
Some tips and common pitfalls for printing 3D objects
• 系數調較:
– 橫向擴展Horizontal expansion
– 填充密度Infill Density (參考reference: 20%, 不能太低cannot be too low) – 壁厚度Wall thickness
– 速度Speed
• 溫度要求: 實驗遇到的溫度Temperature encountered in the experiment;
環境the environment (不能高;取決於材料的類型cannot be high;
depending on the types of materials)
• 膨脹問題
• 支撐: 調整在地板上放置的軸 (X、Y 或 Z)Adjust which axis (X,Y or Z) lay on the floor
支撐材料supporting materials
• 如何在使用 ABS 材料時創造合適的環境How to create a suitable environment when using ABS materials
Professional Development Training 80
排除故障
Troubleshooting for successful printing 1. 不夠絲Out of Filament
2. 噴嘴太靠近印刷床Nozzle Too Close to Print
3. Bed噴嘴阻塞Blocked Nozzle
4. 打印頭錯過了床Print Head Misses the Bed
5. 擠出中期停止打印Extrusion Stopped Mid- Print
6. 打印不粘到打印床Print Doesn't Stick to Print
7. Bed支撐倒下Supports Fell Apart
Professional Development Training 81
支持材料 Supporting Materials (如需要)
The 45 degree rule (45 度法則)
圖像的中間部分顯示了我們如何將懸垂角度改變到45度,使該部分易 於列印。這並不總是可能的。在上面的部分,應該有一個皮帶沒有硬 邊在中間運行,以保持它的位置防止滑出 。
Professional Development Training 82
進階:
創建一個跨度,而不是一個陡峭的懸垂 (如適用)
Create a span instead of a steep overhang if possible
Professional Development Training 83
三維打印機的噴嘴在兩邊距離越大,
乾度越快,
三維打印機效能越佳。
進階:可溶長絲 Dissolvable Filament
如你想製作複雜的形狀,你可參考:
Ultimaker PVA Explained - Water-soluble support material:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ENgGkPP94w
Professional Development Training 84
進階實驗: 黑洞製作
Black Hole / Worm Hole
F. 第一節 總結 Summary
• 不同類型的3D打印機Different types of 3D printer – Delta type 3D-printer
– 笛卡爾Cartesian (xyz-axis type) 3D-printer
• 不同類型的打印材料Different types of printing materials
– ABS, PLA…
• 學到的工具:Tools we’ve learnt:
•
設計3D對象Design 3D object: TinkerCADProfessional Development Training 85
iClass 互動學習系統的 登入方法
• Step 1: 開啟 Chrome
• Step 2: 使用電腦登入帳戶
(帳戶資料已於開課前派發;如有問題, 請向實驗室同工索取)
– URL: http://portal.iclass.hk/index.php
86 Professional Development Training
Professional Development Training 87