電腦通訊網路
電腦通訊網路 (1) (1)
Outline
LAN Introduction
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD Ethernet
IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA Wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11f IAPP
Wireless Protection Access (WPA) vs. IEEE 802.11i Enhanced Security
11e QoS
11n Next Generation WLAN (MIMO / Smart Antenna)
ETSI HIPERLAN I/II
HomeRF 1.0/2.0
IEEE 802.15.1 WPAN – Bluetooth
IEEE 802.15.2 Coexistence among 15.1 & 15.4 & 11
IEEE 802.15.3 HR-WPAN - UWB (OFDM or DSSS)
IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN – Zigbee
Sensor Networks
IEEE P1451
IEEE 802.15.5 Mesh Network
IEEE 802.16 Wireless MAN (-2004D3 + 16e mobility)
Introduction to
Local Area Networks (LANs)
What is a LAN ?
A LAN is a data communication system allowing a number of independent devices to communicate directly with each other, within a moderately sized geographic area over a physical communications channel of moderate data rates.
PAN ?
MAN ?
WAN ?
Global Wireless Standards
Basic Requirements of a LAN
Data rate of 1 to 1000 Mbps
Geographic distances spanning at most 1-5 km
Ability to support several hundred independent devices several hundred
Minimal dependence on any centralized components or Minimal dependence control
Efficient use of shared resources, including the network Efficient channel
Stability under high load Stability
Fair access (bandwidth, delay) to the network by all devices Fair
Reliability and good error characteristics Reliability
Easy installation, reconfiguration and maintenance Easy
Low cost Low cost
LAN Components
Computers (Networking devices)
Transmission System (Network Cards, Cabling)
傳輸媒介:
同軸電纜, 雙絞線, 光纖, radio 工作站
工作站
工作站 工作站
工作站
LAN Extension
網路區段 1 網路區段 2
訊號增益器
Network Topologies
Star
Single Star (IEEE 802.12 100VG-AnyLAN, ATM, IEEE 802.16 WMAN)
Multiple Star (Snowflake) (ATM, IEEE 802.15.1 WPAN, IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN)
Bus
Single Bus (IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD, IEEE 802.4 Token-Bus)
Dual Bus (IEEE 802.6 DQDB)
Tree
Ring
Single Ring (IEEE 802.5 Token Ring)
Dual Ring (FDDI, FDDI-II)
Mesh (ATM, IEEE 802.15.1 WPAN, IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN)
Network Topologies
A
E
B
D A
E
B
D A
E
B
D
C C C
Star Ring Dual Ring
C E
B D
F A
A C E
B D F
A B C
Network Topologies
A B C
A B C D
Dual Bus Dual Bus
A
G B
E D
F C
H A
C E
B
F D
Network Topologies
Piconet 2
Piconet 1
Piconet contoller Piconet
contoller s
A B
Mesh
Mesh
Network Topologies
A
E
B
D
C F
J
G
I H
K
O
L
N M
橋接器
橋接器 橋接器
C A
B F
D
E
G H
...
Hub, Switch or Concentrator
Wireless LAN ?
Wireless LAN ?
Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model
Physical Layer. Responsible for transmission of bit streams across a Physical Layer particular physical transmission medium. Retransmission is not
supported.
Encoding/Decoding
Scrambling/Descrambling
Data Link Layer. Responsible for providing reliable data transmission Data Link Layer from one node to another. Provides error-free transmission of frames .
Network Layer. Concerned with routing data from one network node Network Layer to another. Provides routing path selection.
Establishing/Maintaining/Terminating network connection
Transport Layer. Responsible for providing data transfer between two Transport Layer end users at an agreed on level of quality.
Establishing/Maintaining/Terminating transport layer connection
Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model
Session Layer. Providing services used to organize and Session Layer
synchronize the dialog that takes place between users and to manage the data exchange.
Presentation Layer. Responsible for the presentation of information Presentation Layer to the network users.
Character code translation/ Data conversion
Data compression/expansion
Encryption/Decryption
Application Layer. Provides services to application processes or Application Layer users.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
Remote Login (Telnet)
Transaction Server
Network Management
Open System Interconnection (OSI) Model - Seven Layers
應用層 (Application Layer) 表達層 (Presentation Layer)
會議層 (Session Layer) 傳輸層 (Transport Layer)
網路層 (Network Layer) 鏈結層 (Data Link Layer) 實體層 (Physical Layer)
Layering Protocols
應用層 表達層 會議層 傳輸層 網路層 鏈結層 實體層 應用層
表達層 會議層 傳輸層 網路層 鏈結層 實體層
應用軟體 X 應用軟體 Y
系統 A 系統 B
鏈結層通訊協定
傳輸媒介 網路層通訊協定 傳輸層通訊協定 會議層通訊協定 表達層通訊協定 應用層通訊協定
實體層通訊協定
Basic Functions of Protocols
Encapsulation/Decapsulation
Segmentation/Reassembly
Connection Establishing
Flow Control
Error Control
Multiplexing/Demultiplexing
Encapsulation/Decapsulation Mechanisms
應用層 表達層 會議層 傳輸層 網路層 鏈結層 實體層 應用層
表達層 會議層 傳輸層 網路層 鏈結層 實體層 應用軟體 X
AH
PH
SH
TH
NH
資料
資料 資料 資料 資料 資料 資料
F A C FCS F
位元串
通訊路徑
應用軟體 Y 往下送時訊框包裝 往上送時訊框拆裝
SDU and PDU
IEEE Project 802 Standards
IEEE 802.1 High Level Interface
IEEE 802.1D Local Bridge (Spanning Tree Algorithm)
IEEE 802.1G Remote Bridge
IEEE 802.1P Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering
IEEE 802.1Q Virtual LANs
IEEE 802.1X Port Based Network Access ControlIEEE 802.1X Port Based Network Access Control
IEEE 802.2 LLC (Logical Link Control)
IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
Detection
IEEE 802.4 Token-Bus
IEEE 802.5 Token-Ring
IEEE 802.6 DQDB (Distributed Queue Dual Bus)
IEEE 802.7 Broadband Technical Advisory Group
IEEE 802.8 Fiber Optic Technical Advisory Group
IEEE 802.9 Integrated Voice and Data LAN Working Group
IEEE 802.10 Interoperable LAN/MAN Security
IEEE Project 802 Standards
IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA Wireless LAN IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA Wireless LAN
IEEE 802.11a High-IEEE 802.11a High-Speed Physical Layer in the 5GHz BandSpeed Physical Layer in the 5GHz Band
IEEE 802.11b Higher-IEEE 802.11b Higher-Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz BandSpeed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band
IEEE 802.11e Medium Access Control (MAC) Enhancements for Quality of Service (IEEE 802.11e Medium Access Control (MAC) Enhancements for Quality of Service (QoS) QoS) (WMM
(WMM wireless multimediawireless multimedia/ also named as WME / also named as WME wireless multimedia extensionwireless multimedia extension))
IEEE 802.11f Inter-IEEE 802.11f Inter-Access Point Protocol Access Point Protocol (IAPP)(IAPP)
IEEE 802.11g Further HigherIEEE 802.11g Further Higher--Speed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz BandSpeed Physical Layer Extension in the 2.4 GHz Band
IEEE 802.11h Spectrum and Transmit Power Management extensions in the 5GHz band in IEEE 802.11h Spectrum and Transmit Power Management extensions in the 5GHz band in Europe
Europe
IEEE 802.11i Enhanced Security IEEE 802.11i Enhanced Security (WPA(WPA--PSK PSK presharedpresharedkeykey/ WPA2.0)/ WPA2.0)
IEEE 802.11k Radio Resource ManagementIEEE 802.11k Radio Resource Management
IEEE 802.11n Next Generation WLANIEEE 802.11n Next Generation WLAN((((WWiSEWWiSE world wide spectrum efficiencyworld wide spectrum efficiency vsvsTGnSync))TGnSync))
IEEE 802.11p Wireless Access Vehicular EnvironmentIEEE 802.11p Wireless Access Vehicular Environment
IEEE 802.11r Fast RoamingIEEE 802.11r Fast Roaming
IEEE 802.11s ESS Mesh NetworkingIEEE 802.11s ESS Mesh Networking
IEEE 802.11t Wireless Performance PredictionIEEE 802.11t Wireless Performance Prediction
IEEE 802.11u InterWorkingIEEE 802.11u InterWorking with External Networkswith External Networks
IEEE 802.11v Wireless Network Management (Wireless Switch)IEEE 802.11v Wireless Network Management (Wireless Switch)
IEEE 802.11w Protected Management FrameIEEE 802.11w Protected Management Frame
IEEE Project 802 Standards
IEEE 802.12 Demand-Priority (100VG-AnyLAN)
IEEE 802.14 Standard Protocol for Cable-TV Based Broadband Communication Network
IEEE 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Networks Access Method and Physical Layer SpecificationsIEEE 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Networks Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications
IEEE 802.15.1 Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth)IEEE 802.15.1 Wireless Personal Area Networks (Bluetooth)
IEEE 802.15.2 CoexistenceIEEE 802.15.2 Coexistence
IEEE 802.15.3 WPAN Higher RateIEEE 802.15.3 WPAN Higher Rate
3a 3a higher speed PHY enhancement amendment for imaging and multimediahigher speed PHY enhancement amendment for imaging and multimedia(DS(DS--UWB UWB vsvsMBMB--OFDM)OFDM)
3b 3b improve implementation and improve implementation and interoprabilityinteroprabilityof the MACof the MAC
3c3cmillimeter-millimeter-wavewave--based alternative PHY based alternative PHY
57-57-64 GHz unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.25564 GHz unlicensed band defined by FCC 47 CFR 15.255
over 2 Gbpsover 2 Gbps
IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Low Rate (ZigbeeIEEE 802.15.4 WPAN Low Rate (Zigbee) (4a is on going)) (4a is on going)
4a 4a alternative PHYalternative PHY(high precision ranging / location (<1 meter accuracy), high aggregate throughput, and ultra low power(high precision ranging / location (<1 meter accuracy), high aggregate throughput, and ultra low power))
4b r4b revisions and Enhancementsevisions and Enhancements
IEEE 802.15.5 Mesh WPANIEEE 802.15.5 Mesh WPAN
SCwngSCwng(Wireless Next Generation)(Wireless Next Generation)
IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Method and Physical Layer SpecificationsIEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Method and Physical Layer Specifications
IEEE 802.16-IEEE 802.16-2004 MAC & PHY2004 MAC & PHY
IEEE 802.16e MobilityIEEE 802.16e Mobility
IEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working GroupIEEE 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group
IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA)IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA)
IEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handoff Working GroupIEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handoff Working Group
IEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area NetworksIEEE 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks
WibroWibro(Wireless Internet Broadband Access) (Wireless Internet Broadband Access) --KoreaKorea
