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Introduction 1. Oral mucosal lesions

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原文題目(出處): Lesions of the oral mucosa: an epidemiological study of 23785 Mexican patients Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008;105:79-85

原文作者姓名: José L. Castellanos, Laura Díaz-Guzmán

通訊作者學校: León, Guanajuato, Mexico DE LA SALLE BAJÍO UNIVERSITY

報告者姓名(組別): 楊超捷 (L 組) 報告日期: 97-3-17

名詞解釋:

流行Epidemic: 疾病發生數超過以往經驗的期望值( Expected value )

The prevalence of a disease: the total number of cases in a particular population at a particular point in time,

The incidence of a disease: the number of new cases in a particular population during a particular time interval

The term morbidity rate can refer either to the incidence rate or to the prevalence rate of a disease

內文:

Introduction

1. Oral mucosal lesions 在 15歲以上,不分男女並且是選擇在dental school 進行 dental care 的人之盛行率

2. 雖然在dental school所選取的樣本必非開放且隨機的,但是跟一般其他像是 specialty centers, nursing homes and veterans facilities, 有進行biopsy 服務的醫 院所做出的盛行率比較起來, 是可以作為一般大眾的一個model

3. 蒐集了22年共23785 patients的data,其中包括了7297位有進行7.5年的f/u評估 Material and Method

1. 23785 patients more than 15 years of age who requested elective dental care from January 1982 to December 2003

2. 每一個懷疑的lesion都是由dental school 學生在老師的陪伴幫助下進行問診 所下的診斷,若有需要還有進行輔助性的studies, 例如laboratory tests and histopathologic evaluation

3. 每位病人都會取得下列資料:identification of the lesion or condition, the underlying etiology, and patient age and sex

4. 把資料作5種分類 (1) clinical characteristics (2) etiology (3) general prevalence, with identification of the 30 most frequent lesions, (4)sex distribution and mean age, with identification of the15 most frequent lesions per sex, and (5) major

lesion groups and specific lesion, 並以number of lesions per 1000來計算

發病率(千分率、萬分率)

incidence rate

某年內某病新病例數/同年平均人口 數×K

是衡量疾病發生頻度的指標,常用 于研究疾病發生的因果的評價預防 措施的效果,一般以縱觀一年為期

患病率(%)prevalence rate 觀察某時點某病現患人數/同時點暴 露人口數×K

是觀察某時點斷面上人群現存某病 的頻度,又稱現患率。它從時點斷 面觀察疾病頻度,是與發病率的主 要區別

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1. 作者將oral lesion分成3大類1.Superficial change; 2.Soft tissue masses 3. Miscellaneous

2. Pit是指像是hollow fovea or indentation, such as commissural lip pits 3. 其中以White, red, and ulcerated lesions 占較多數

1. 以etiopathogenic方面做分析共8總

2. 76.99% corresponded to the first 3 groups 其中以morphogenetic disorders 為大 宗

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1. 依照prevalence排序舉出前30種最常見的oral lesion而這30總lesion佔種lesion 數的98.33%, 盛行率從最高105/1000 到最低0.8/1000

2. 至於其他38種的lesion 盛行率都低於0.55/1000

3. 發現其lesion的平均年齡大於50歲的有1.epulis fissuratum 2. chronic atrophic candidiasis 3. leukoplakia 4. Smoker melanosis

4. 平均年齡較小的有1.morsicatio buccarum 2.fibrosis and scars 3.mucocele.

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1. 作者取其他三篇其他地區但是在樣本數和lesion 分類上較相似的report 來做 比較

2. 作者以目前的數據和他們在1991年所做的數據比較,發現到10個項目中有6 個項目的盛行率維持不變,因此盛行率發生改變的部份就需要考慮到

1. diagnostic quality的進步 2. 社會和生態上的變化 3.族群變化 4.醫藥的發 達都會影響到族群壽命和生活品質

3. 就oral lesion 來說這四篇studies常見lesion 的相似率從50%~100%,其中 Irritative Keratosis是4篇中都在前10名的lesion, Traumatic ulcer and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia 四篇中有三篇,因此作者做了一個結論 lesions of a traumatic origin are those most commonly reported in different parts of the world

4. Labial melanotic macule, chronic atrophic candidiasis, and leukoedema likewise showed a high prevalence in 3 of the 4 studies

5. leukoedema 是最常見的oral lesion, 幾乎佔了所有lesion的一半(44.26%) 6. 在table III中可見到不少irritative etiology 的lesion ,traumatic ulcer, irritative

keratoses, traumatic erythema, morsicatio buccarum, labial melanotic macule, irritative hyperplasia, and smoking- associated melanosis, 這方面的lesion 傳達 一個很重要的訊息,就是其實這方面lesion的morbidity 是可以靠著適當的 patient education and dental practice來改善

7. Morsicatio buccarum 的平均年齡最小,作者將這種現象歸因於psychological reactions to anxiety or self-aggression

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8. epulis fissuratum, inflammatory papillary hyperplasia, and chronic atrophic candidiasis 這些lesion出現在較為年長的病人身上,作者推論這起因於年長者 因caries 或是periodontitis 所造成的牙齒缺失而需要配戴全口或是活動牙,如 果設計不良或清潔不佳所引起的。

9. 在這份studies中男性口中發現oral lesion 的機率是女性的兩到三倍(Fig. 1 and Table IV). The 分析發現可能是因為生理上,文化上或社會觀點的差異所 造成。

10. The majority of lesions identified and their causes , in this and in other similar studies, are largely avoidable and can be controlled through education。

題號 題目

1 Cross-section study 橫斷研究法又稱為??

(A) 發生率研究法(incidence study) (B) 盛行率研究法(prevalence study) (C) 縱向研究法(longitudinal study) (D) 前瞻性研究法(prospective study) 答案(B) 出處:https://teb.cdc.gov.tw/ 網站

題號 題目

2 下列 oral lesion 何者在女性中較為常見?

(A) Leukoedema (B) Nicotinic stomatitis (C) Epulis fissuratum (D) Traumatic ulcer

答案(c) 出處:Oral and Maxillofacial pathology P.366

參考文獻

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