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滅點偵測之研究一基於

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航測及遙測學刊第十一卷第一期第 81-92 頁民國 95 年 3 月

Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Volume 11,No.1,March 2006,pp.81-92

81

滅點偵測之研究一基於 θ- 直方圖統計分析法

王帽彰 1 廖揚三資 2

摘要

本文提出基於 θ-直方圖 (θ-histogram) 統計分析的滅點偵測 (vanishing pointd巴tection) 方法。此方法可適 用於攝影時任一旋轉角不為零度或接近零度所拍攝的近景建物影像滅點位置偵測,不需要另外的己知條 件及人工介入。經實驗證明,六幅室內模型影像利用本文之方法偵測滅點位置推算出的物空間長度 RMSE 值平均為 ±0.0041 m' 相對精度約達 1/48-1121 ; 室外的實際建物影像,推算的物空間長度 RMSE 值為主0.1 61 m' 相對精度約為1/ 6恥的7 。此方法在加入以驗後方差估計原理導出的選擇權送代法[李德仁, 1992] 後,

即使用來計算滅點位置的直線有約 13% 不正確,推算物空間長度的則 JSE 值也能達到 ±0 .1 66 m' 相對精 度約為 1/62-1/28 '相當程度地確保了此法滅點偵測成果的可靠度。

周鍵詞:滅點 7頁測、 θ 一直方圓、近最攝影 5則主

1. 前言

物空間的平行線經透視投影於影像上後,會交 於一點,此點即滅點,例如:平行的鐵軌會交於遠 方。滅點於影像上的位置只與方位元素中的像主點 位置、像主距、旋轉角元素有關。利用影像中的滅 點解

算攝影時的方位元素,不需要另外佈設控制點,可

以應用在建物重建、機器人和自動車的方位導引、

攝影機的率定、測量車系統的物空間長度推算等場

A口

一般偵測滅點的方法是假設所有影像上直線 交點的位置就有可能是滅點,然後有最多直線通過 的交點即是滅點。人造環境的影像中有大量的垂直 和水平的平行線段,較能符合此假設條件。影像滿 足上述的假設條件,並已知像主距,則可以將線段 映射至高斯球面上用侯氏轉換 (Hough Transform) 的 原理偵測滅點 [Barn叫, 1983] 。除了常用的侯氏轉換 外,有人還提出了不同的方法於建物影像的滅點偵

l 國立成功大學測量及空間資訊學系碩士生 2 國立成功大學測量及空間資訊學系教授

測:人工量測三主滅點其中的一個滅點,找出在可 能的其它兩個滅點組合中正交指標 (orthogonal criterion) 最大的,此法的計算較為複雜、費時 [van

den Heuvel,1998] 。

本文研究基於影像上直線段參數的 θ 角(直線 的法線與 X 軸之夾角)與直線段群集間的相關性,

將此特性用於偵測滅點。當影像上的直線段能夠依

據直線段參數的 θ 角被完全正確的分為三群或錯 誤不多時,就能將複雜的滅點偵測問題轉化為點位 的平差交會計算與祖差偵錯,不需要其它另外的已 知條件及人工介入。

2. 研究方法與流程

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92 Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Volume 11, No.1, March 2006

A Study of Vanishing Point Detection-Based on 9-Histogram Analysis

,

Hsien-Chang Wangl Yang-Cheng Liao2

ABSTRACT

Using vanishing point to estimate orientation parameters does not need control point's information. Itis applied for the object reconstruction, navigation of autonomous vehicles or robots, camera calibration and length measurement. This research present a method of vanishing point detection based on 8-histogram analysis. It is suitable for close-range building image and without manual interference.Iforientation parameters have known can infer object length on single image. For criterion of experimentation result, we compare inferential length with real length and compute RMSE.

Average RMSE of using our method in the six model images is ±O.0041 m ( relative accuracy is 1/48-1/21 ). RMSE of using our method in a real building image is ±O.0161 m ( relative accuracy is 1/64-1/27 ). Even if in the set of lines for vanishing point detection has 13% error, RMSE still can achieve ±O.166 m ( relative accuracy is 1/62-1/28 ). This result shows that our vanishing point detection method is robust.

Key Words:Vanishing point detection, 8-histogram, Close-range photogrammery

1 Graduate Student, Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University

2.Professor, Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University

參考文獻

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