台灣地區裳鳳蝶族親緣分析與比較親緣地理研究初探 劉俊賢、賴伯琦
E-mail: [email protected]
摘 要
本研究利用粒線體DNA COI基因,進行台灣地區裳鳳蝶族之親緣關係研究,共獲得可分析之COI基因片段共830個鹼基位 置。利用 neighbor-joining(NJ) 及 maximum-parsimony(MP) 等親緣關係重建法進行台灣地區裳鳳蝶族親緣關係分析,結果顯 示台灣地區之裳鳳蝶族內以曙鳳蝶屬與多姿鳳蝶屬之親緣關係最相近。在台灣地區的裳鳳蝶族中,曙鳳蝶為台灣特有種之 保育類物種,與其同屬種類皆棲息於熱帶地區或溫帶之低海拔低區,而台灣之曙鳳蝶僅以中部高海拔山區為主要棲息區域
。因此,曙鳳蝶在台灣地區歷經冰河時期的氣候變遷,那樣的歷史演變過程,對於曙鳳蝶現今的保育問題,有何意涵,不 得而知,所以,經由利用生態環境共域之多姿麝鳳蝶進行親緣地理關係之比較,分析結果發現中低海拔之多姿麝鳳蝶呈現 高度基因交流之狀況,僅山區之樣點間成輕微受到阻隔效應之影響,但這兩蝴蝶因飛行能力強大,分屬不同山區之樣點間 未造成族群明顯的分化現象,山區的曙鳳蝶族群間的基因多樣性則高於共域之多姿麝鳳蝶,但族群間之交流仍屬頻繁,因 此,未來若需進行曙鳳蝶之保育,一方面,根據親緣地理分析結果顯示,曙鳳蝶之族群可視為一演化顯著單位
(Evolutionary Significant Unit, ESU),進行監測曙鳳蝶族群的變動、族群基因遺傳結構並與多姿麝鳳蝶族群共同比較,將可 作為未來保育策略之參考。
關鍵詞 : 裳鳳蝶族、曙鳳蝶、多姿麝鳳蝶、粒線體DNA、親緣地理 目錄
1. 前言 1 1.1 台灣地區裳鳳蝶族現況 1 1.2 台灣地區裳鳳蝶族物種介紹 3 1.3 分子親緣分析在分類研究上的運用 7 1.4 親緣地 理之理論與應用 9 1.5 保育遺傳與保育策略 11 1.6 研究目的 12 2. 材料與方法 13 2.1 物種採集及保存 13 2.2採集地點、編號 與數量 13 2.3萃取方法 14 2.4 聚合?連鎖反應(Polymerase Chain Reaction) 15 2.4.1 引子( primer ) 設計 15 2.4.2 聚合?連鎖反 應條件設定 15 2.5電泳膠片配製 16 2.6序列定序 16 2.7分子資料分析 17 2.7.1序列校正 17 2.7.2親緣樹形圖重建 17 2.7.3序列 多樣性(diversity)統計分析 18 2.7.4 族群結構 18 3. 結果 19 3.1 台灣地區裳鳳蝶族之親緣關係 19 3.1.1物種粒線體DNA COI片 段序列之組成與變異 19 3.1.2台灣島內裳鳳蝶族(Triodini)之親緣關係 20 3.2 曙鳳蝶與多姿麝鳳蝶親緣地理關係之比較 20 4. 討論 24 4.1 粒線體DNA 片段之選擇及裳鳳蝶族物種之親緣關係 24 4.2曙鳳蝶與多姿麝鳳蝶之親緣地理的比較 27 4.3 台灣 地區曙鳳蝶保育策略的建議 32 5. 結論 35 參考文獻 55
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