柴油引擎操作參數對黑煙排放影響之研究 顧英志、林海平
E-mail: [email protected]
摘 要
本文主要是以一具MITSUBISHI 4M40-2AT1 2835 c.c. 間接噴射式渦輪增壓附中間冷卻器四行程水冷式引擎為研究對象，
運用田口實驗計劃法探討引擎操作參數對柴油引擎黑煙及NOx污染排放的影響效應，並尋找最佳的操作參數組合來改善柴 油引擎的廢氣排放。 本研究主要分為兩個部份，首先是使用靜態特性的田口實驗計劃進行各操作參數間交互作用之實驗規 劃，來探討引擎操作參數對柴油引擎黑煙及NOx污染排放的影響效應及最佳化；另一方面則是增加噴射正時為動態特性的 田口實驗規劃，探討柴油引擎噴射正時與黑煙及NOx污染排放間之關係。其污染物的量測方法，將分別於引擎動力計上以 瞬態測試程序(美國FTP, Transient Cycle 測試型態)及穩態測試程序(我國柴油車排煙測試程序)進行測試。 研究結果顯示當柴 油引擎以美國FTP, Transient Cycle 測試型態為量測方法時，柴油含硫量及進氣溫度對柴油引擎黑煙及NOx污染排放是有顯 著的影響，最佳化的黑煙平均改善率為28.9﹪(靜態)及30.0﹪(動態)；而在柴油車排煙測試程序方面，排氣背壓及噴油量反 而才是主要的影響參數，其黑煙的平均改善率為43.8﹪，對於量測方法間黑煙污染物相關性不佳的問題，其測試型態不同 產生不同的操作參數影響效應，應該是造成相關性不佳的主要原因。
關鍵詞 : 柴油引擎，黑煙，田口實驗計劃法，最佳化，相關性 目錄
封面內頁 簽名頁 博碩士論文電子檔案上網授權書 iii 博碩士論文授權書 iv 中文摘要 v 英文摘要 vi 誌謝 viii 目錄 ix 圖目錄 xi 表目錄 xiii 第一章 緒論 1 1.1研究背景與動機 1 1.2研究目標 4 1.3研究方法 7 第二章 文獻探討 8 2.1引擎運轉狀態對黑煙 及NOx污染物生成影響 9 2.2油品特性對黑煙及NOx污染物生成影響 10 2.3噴射正時對對黑煙及NOx污染物生成影響 14 2.4 進氣溫度對黑煙及NOx污染物生成影響 15 第三章 柴油引擎廢氣污染物形成概論 16 3.1氮氧化物之形成機制 16 3.2粒狀污 染物之形成機制 18 第四章 相關理論及研究方法 21 4.1田口實驗計劃法 21 4.1.1田口實驗計劃法 21 4.1.2直交表(Orthogonal Arrays，OA) 28 4.2柴油引擎瞬態循環測試方法 31 4.3柴油汽車排放煙度試驗程序與方法 35 第五章 實驗結果與討論 36 5.1 實驗設備及原理 36 5.1.1引擎動力計 36 5.1.2 NOx分析儀 37 5.1.3廢氣取樣設備 39 5.1.4粒狀污染物取樣設備 44 5.1.5煙度計 46 5.1.6實驗引擎規格 47 5.2實驗規劃 49 5.2.1實驗程序規劃 49 5.2.2特性值因素配置及水準選擇 52 5.3實驗結果 67 5.3.1靜態 特性之引擎操作參數效應影響分析 68 5.3.2動態特性之引擎操作參數效應影響分析 92 第六章 結論與建議 107 6.1結論 107 6.2建議 110 參考文獻 111
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