固定式女性輪班工作人員飲食及生理狀況評估
Assessment of dietary and psysiological ststus of fixed shift female workers
中文摘要
輪班工作對工作人員會造成飲食習慣改變,睡眠品質及增加血脂質等現象.本研究 之目
的在評估固定式三班制女性輪班工作人員之飲食及生理狀況. 研究對象為臺北 縣兩家電
子業相關工廠之員工,選取常日班(N=49),常晚班(N=48)及常夜班(N=48)之工作人 員.利用
問卷調查收集工作人員之飲食習慣,食物攝取頻率,營養知識,睡眠品質,身心健康 狀況及工
作壓力等資料,並經隔夜禁食後收集血液樣本,分析總膽固醇(TC),高密度脂蛋白 膽固醇(HD
L-C),低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)及三酸甘油酯(Triglyceride).等血脂質及抗氧 化物質,
包括維生素 A,C,E 含量及抗氧化酵素 Superoxide dismutase,Glutathione peroxidase 之活
性.研究結果以單因子變異數及皮爾森相關係數等統計方法進行分析. 結果顯示:
在飲食
方面,以食物攝取頻率法評估過去一個月三組人員對於富含膽固醇,粗纖維及維生 素 C 等食
物的攝取量,三組間無顯著差異.常晚班組之飲食習慣在去除可見脂肪部份較其他 兩組差,
且常晚班組之營養知識有低於其他兩組的趨勢(P<0.06).生理評估方面,常晚班組 之睡眠品
質顯著優於常日班及常夜班組,而常晚班組之工作壓力顯著高於常日班及常夜班 組,心理健
康狀況部份在三組間則無顯著差異.就全體受試者而言,工作壓力,睡眠品質及心 理健康狀
況三者間具顯著相關性.常夜班組之血壓顯著高於常日班及常晚班組.常晚班及常 夜班之 TC/HDL-C 比例顯著高於常日班.常晚班及常夜班組 TC 濃度在正常範圍 內,但有高於常
日班之趨勢.體內抗氧化狀態在組間則無顯著差異.由本研究結果推測固定式輪班 工作對常
晚班及常夜班輪班人員之飲食型態,睡眠品質,血壓及血脂質有較大的影響,但對
心理健康
狀況及體內抗氧化狀態尚未發現有不良之影響.
英文摘要
Shift work affects workers'' health due to the change in eating, sleeping and living patterns. Recent studies indicated that shift work was associated w
ithincreased risk of cardiovascular disease(CVD) of male workers, but less stu diesinvestigated on female worker. The present study was aimed at comparing da y,evening and night fixed shiftt female workers with respect to dietary patter ns and physiological status. The investigation was conducted in Jan. 1996 in two electronic plants in Taiwan.The 145 shift workers worked a fixed three- shift schedule(day shift,7:00-15:00; evening shift, 15:00-23:00; night shift, 23:00-7:00). A ques-tionnaire was disrtibuted to understand eating habit, nutr itional knowledge,sleep quality, psychological health and work stress. The fas ting venous blood was also collected to detect the concentration of plasma tot al cholesterol(TC), hight-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol, low-density li-poprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol, triglyceride, vitamin A,C,E and activity of anti-oxidant enzymes (Glutathione peroxidase, Superoxide dismutase). From questionnaire showed that evening shift workers had the worst eating habit a bout fat and obtained the lowest scores of nutritional knowledge than other tw o groups. The estimated cholesterol, curde fiber, vitamin A and C intakeamong the three groups was no difference by food frequency method. Among all subject s, we found the strong correlation between work stress, sleep quality and psyc hological health. The study also indicated that night shift worker had signifi -cantly higher blood pressure than day and evening shift workers. TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratios of the evening and night shift workers were significantlyh igher than those of day workers, even if TC and LDL-C level in normal range.Th e concentration of plasma vitamin A,C,E and activity of antioxidant enzymes we re no difference among the three groups. In conclution, the disturbance of die tary pattern, sleep quality and abnormal blood pressure, plasma TC/HDL-C and L DL-C/HDL-C ratios were found in shiftworkers, especially evening and night fix ed shift workers, howere, no effect on psychological
