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基因改造生物之現況與發展 林惠香、王維麒

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基因改造生物之現況與發展 林惠香、王維麒

E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

21世紀是分子生物技術、基因工程的世紀,生物技術對人類生活有很高的重要性,如糧食作物之增產可以解決第三世界的 糧食問題;創新的醫療技術為遺傳性疾病及癌症患者帶來一絲曙光;新藥物的開發可以提供人類更安全、有效的治療;而 功能性作物的研發可以賦予作物抵抗環境逆境等功能。這些結果將會對於人類未來之生活產生極大的影響與改變。 然而,

利用基因工程產製之基因改造生物及其衍生之相關產物,可能帶來許多負面的爭議,如改變生物的多樣性、造成基因漂流 的現象、降低生態系的穩定性、基因改造食品食用安全與否與宗教上的爭議等。所以,在發展尖端生物技術的同時如何兼 顧生態環境穩定性的維護、生態環境中各式物種的生存權利、人體健康安全之保障等,實為重要的議題。基於上述種種問 題之考量,對於基因改造生物所衍生之基因改造食品的管理規範及標示制度的建立,實為刻不容緩之課題。 本報告即針對 基因改造生物之現況與發展,和基因改造生物及其產物所衍生的相關問題加以分析、探討,並就未來基因改造生物之展望 做ㄧ完整的敘述。

關鍵詞 : 生物技術、基因改造生物、基因改造食品、生物多樣性 目錄

1. 前言...1 2. 生物技術與基因改造生物...4 2.1傳統生物技術...4 2.2現代生物技術之進展... 4 2.3生物技術之重 要性...9 2.4基因改造生物...12 2.4.1基因改造生物之定義及目的...12 2.4.2基因改造生物之優點...13 2.4.3 基因改造生物的方法及程序...15 2.4.3.1氯化鈣轉殖法...17 2.4.3.2農桿菌轉殖法...17 2.4.3.3粒子槍法...18 2.4.3.4電穿孔法...18 2.4.3.5顯微注射法...20 2.4.4基因改造生物的方法與程序介紹...22 2.4.4.1基因改造微生 物...22 2.4.4.2基因改造植物...25 2.4.4.3基因改造動物...27 2.4.5世界各國基因改造植物的種類與發展...31 2.4.6我國基因改造植物的現況...31 3. 基因改造食品:現況、發展、危機與規範...38 3.1基因改造食品之種類與現 況... 38 3.1.1基因改造食品:微生物及其產物... 38 3.1.2基因改造食品:植物及其加工產品...39 3.1.3基因改造食 品:動物及其產物...40 3.2基因改造食品所可能引發之問題...41 3.2.1改變生物多樣性物...41 3.2.2基因漂 流的現象...42 3.2.3降低生態系的穩定性...43 3.2.4基因改造食品食用安全性...44 3.2.5宗教上的爭議...45 3.3 基因改造食品之規範...47 3.3.1各國對基因改造食品的規範...47 3.3.2我國對基因改造食品的規範...49 4. 結 論...50 4.1結論...50 4.2展望... 53 參考文獻...57

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The current study found that high-grade MECs had the highest incidence of strong MUC1 expression in mucous cells, with intermedi- ate- and low-grade tumours showing the

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Population migration, the other factor in determining population growth, recorded an estimated inflow of 21 811 persons in 2005, including legal and illegal immigrants from