第五章、 討論
第五節、 結論
本研究針對華語音素察覺閾值分析出其對於窄頻噪音閾值之預測性，對於聽 損早療人員在評估兒童聽力閾值時，可更快速方便的對應。以往聽損早療人員使 用林氏六音或華語檢測音檢驗聽力閾值時，常會將其直接對應至聲學分析時所測 量到之頻率之上，惟本研究結果顯示，個案在察覺華語音素時，未必遵循著聲學 分析所測得之頻率，再次強調了在使用音素評估聽閾值需更加小心謹慎，評估時 並非如使用純音或窄頻噪音般容易，由於音素仍包含其他語音線索，如塞音的沖
56
直條（spike）、擦音的摩擦頻率範圍（frication）或是韻母本身包含了不同共振峰 頻率範圍，皆可能使個案在聽取時能提取除了頻率之外的線索而有所反應。
此結果更顯示出在臨床上若使用音素評估個案察覺閾值時，使用現場發音可 能遇到之問題，不同說話者發音時的穩定性及當下可能提供的聲學線索，皆未必 完全符合音素本身的頻率，故當現場發音使用音素評估個案閾值時，仍應避免直 接以特定音素之察覺反應斷定其預期頻率之閾值，若能使用錄音檔較能確認個案 實際表現。本研究僅評估個案之「察覺」能力，個案不需聽到音素中特定的頻率 即可能察覺聲音有無，因此在頻率的對應上不如預期，即使比對李昭幸（1995）
的最適當頻率帶，亦未完全符合其頻率結果，未來研究應進一步檢驗個案在辨識 音素上之頻率相關性，以釐清華語音素察覺閾是否能對應至聲學分析的頻率。
本研究結果提供聽損早療人員在對應音素及窄頻噪音時能有一致的音強單 位，也能更明確的對應音素與窄頻噪音之間的頻率關係。音素聽力圖亦標示出預 期之助聽器效益，可供聽損早療人員以音素初步評估個案的助聽器效益是否落入 預期範圍之中。本研究之華語音素檢測工具無法完全取代助聽器聲電分析或是真 耳測量的結果，但聲電分析結果雖能確認助聽器實際增益量符合目標增益值，卻 無法了解個案在聽取語音時是否能有預期的表現，當無法實際評估個案的聽閾值 時，即可使用此音素檢測工具來確認個案在對應頻率之下的音素察覺表現為何，
以進一步釐清是否需要微調助聽輔具的參數設定或是調整聽能訓練的目標。
57
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附錄一、音素亂數表 受試者
編號
1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29
2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22, 26, 30
3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27
4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28
n=8 n=8 n=7 n=7
表1 表2 表 3 表 4
i u m a
f t ə s
kh ɕ f kh
s kh t f
ɕ p u ɕ
u tɕh a m
a f tɕh ʐ
ə ʐ kh i
tɕh i p t
m a ʐ tɕh
p m i u
t ə ɕ p
ʐ s s ə
68
編號 年齡 性別 ㄇ ㄧ ㄜ ㄚ ㄨ ㄈ ㄓ ㄉ ㄎ ㄅ ㄒ ㄑ ㄙ 250Hz 500Hz 1000Hz 2000Hz 4000Hz 6000Hz 8000Hz mean (0.5-4k Hz)
1 26 F -5 -10 -5 -5 -5 5 0 5 0 5 -5 0 0 10 15 0 5 0 0 0 5
2 32 F 5 5 5 5 5 5 0 10 5 10 -5 -5 0 5 10 10 0 -5 10 5 4
3 27 M -5 -5 -10 -10 -10 5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 10 0 4
4 28 M 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 10 5 0 5 10 15 15 10 10 10 5 13
5 28 F -5 0 -5 -5 -5 0 -5 0 0 5 -5 0 0 5 5 5 -5 -5 0 0 0
6 27 F 0 -5 -5 -5 0 0 -5 0 0 10 -5 -5 -5 0 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 -5
7 31 M 5 5 5 0 0 10 5 10 5 10 0 5 5 10 15 15 15 10 15 10 14
8 30 F -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 5 0 5 -5 5 -5 -10 -5 0 5 5 0 5 5 10 4
9 24 F 0 0 -5 -5 -5 5 0 5 0 5 -10 -5 -5 10 15 15 15 10 0 10 14
10 27 M 0 -5 -5 -5 -5 5 0 5 0 5 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 10 10 15 15 11
11 28 F -5 -5 -10 -5 -5 5 0 5 0 5 -5 -5 0 5 10 15 10 10 20 20 11
12 32 F -5 5 -5 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 -10 -5 0 5 10 5 10 5 15 5 8
13 23 F -10 -5 -5 -10 -10 0 -5 -5 0 5 -10 -10 -5 10 5 10 5 5 5 5 6
14 19 F -5 -5 -5 -5 -5 0 -5 5 0 5 -10 -5 -5 15 20 10 5 5 10 0 10
15 31 F 0 -5 -5 -10 -10 0 0 -5 -5 5 -10 -5 -5 10 10 5 5 5 15 20 6
16 27 F 0 5 0 -5 0 5 0 5 5 10 5 5 10 5 5 5 0 -10 10 10 0
17 34 M -10 -10 -10 -10 -10 5 -5 0 0 0 -10 0 -5 5 5 10 10 5 5 0 8
18 34 F 5 5 5 0 10 5 0 10 5 10 0 0 5 10 5 10 5 0 5 5 5
19 29 M -5 -5 0 -5 -5 5 -5 5 -5 5 -10 -5 -5 5 15 15 5 10 10 25 11
24 24 M 5 0 0 0 0 0 -5 5 -5 10 -10 -5 -5 10 10 10 15 0 5 0 9
編號 年齡 性別 ㄇ ㄧ ㄜ ㄚ ㄨ ㄈ ㄓ ㄉ ㄎ ㄅ ㄒ ㄑ ㄙ 250Hz 500Hz 1000Hz 2000Hz 4000Hz 6000Hz 8000Hz mean (0.5-4k Hz)
20 20 M 0 -5 0 -5 -5 -5 5 5 0 5 0 -5 0 5 0 0 5 0 0 0 1
21 21 M 0 -5 -5 -10 -5 0 -5 5 0 5 -10 -5 0 5 5 5 0 5 5 5 4
22 22 M 5 0 0 0 0 0 -5 5 0 5 -10 -5 -5 5 5 10 5 10 10 5 8
23 23 M 0 0 0 0 -5 -5 -5 0 -5 0 -5 -5 -5 10 10 10 15 15 15 10 13
25 25 M -5 -5 0 -5 -5 5 5 5 0 10 0 5 5 0 5 5 0 5 5 5 4
26 26 M 0 -5 -5 -5 -5 5 0 5 -5 5 -5 -10 -5 0 0 0 5 5 5 5 3
27 27 M -5 -5 0 -5 -5 5 -5 5 0 0 -5 -10 -5 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 1
28 28 M -5 -5 -10 -5 -5 5 -5 5 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 -5 -5 0 5 5 -3
29 29 F 5 5 5 0 5 5 -5 5 -5 0 0 -5 0 10 10 5 5 10 10 10 8
30 30 F 0 0 -5 -5 -5 5 0 5 -5 5 -10 -5 -5 5 5 5 5 0 0 0 4
正式實驗參與者 (N=10) 前導實驗參與者 (N=20)
69
編號 年齡(年;月) 年齡 性別 250Hz 500Hz 1000Hz 2000Hz 4000Hz 6000Hz 8000Hz mean (0.5-4k Hz)
1 4;10 58 M 60 70 80 85 95 85 75 83
2 8;4 100 M 45 55 85 90 100 90 85 83
3 4;8 56 F 15 15 25 35 45 45 50 30
4 6;5 77 M 35 45 45 55 55 60 55 50
5 7;0 84 F 65 65 70 70 70 60 50 69
6 3;8 44 M 35 40 30 40 35 45 45 36
7 12;10 154 F 65 55 55 50 45 50 55 51
8 5;5 65 M 25 25 25 30 45 35 35 31
9 6;7 79 F 20 15 10 25 55 40 45 26
10 6;3 75 M 30 30 35 35 45 40 45 36
11 6;9 81 M 20 35 25 35 55 55 55 38
12 6;4 76 F 30 30 50 50 85 70 90 54
13 12;8 152 M 45 55 65 75 75 65 50 68
14 6;6 78 F 55 65 65 70 65 55 55 66
15 11;6 138 F 40 55 60 75 80 70 65 68
16 5;5 65 F 65 60 55 55 75 65 60 61
17 7;7 91 F 50 65 80 75 80 70 65 75
18 5;3 63 F 65 70 70 70 70 80 70 70
19 7;0 84 M 80 80 75 60 75 75 80 73
20 7;7 91 F 85 85 90 85 85 80 85 86
21 5;7 67 M 75 80 85 85 105 105 95 89
22 7;11 95 F 70 80 80 85 105 105 95 88
23 5;6 66 F 60 65 90 90 100 85 80 86
24 9;6 114 M 70 70 75 80 95 85 80 80
25 4;0 48 F 30 30 45 35 35 35 30 36
26 4;4 52 M 35 35 40 45 55 40 35 44
27 3;10 46 F 15 20 25 30 50 40 40 31
28 5;9 69 F 55 55 60 65 65 65 70 61
29 4;0 48 F 25 20 20 25 35 40 30 25
30 6;9 81 F 20 25 50 45 35 25 10 39
70
編號 年齡(年;月) 年齡 性別 250 500 1000 2000 4000 6000 8000 mean (0.5-4k Hz)
1 4;10 58 M 20 25 35 35 45 40 10 35
2 8;4 100 M 20 20 40 35 45 40 55 35
3 4;8 56 F 20 15 10 15 2 20 20 11
4 6;5 77 M 15 20 25 25 25 25 25 24
5 7;0 84 F 25 25 25 30 20 10 10 25
6 3;8 44 M 15 10 15 15 25 25 25 16
7 12;10 154 F 30 15 15 15 15 20 35 15
8 5;5 65 M 5 10 10 20 25 20 40 16
9 6;7 79 F 15 10 15 10 20 15 20 14
10 6;3 75 M 20 20 25 25 25 25 20 24
11 6;9 81 M 25 20 10 15 20 20 15 16
12 6;4 76 F 20 25 30 30 35 40 20 30
13 12;8 152 M 20 20 30 30 35 25 10 29
14 6;6 78 F 30 30 40 35 35 30 20 35
15 11;6 138 F 15 20 20 30 35 45 30 26
16 5;5 65 F 30 30 30 30 35 35 35 31
17 7;7 91 F 15 25 35 30 35 35 25 31
18 5;3 63 F 25 35 35 25 20 20 30 29
19 7;0 84 M 25 35 35 25 30 40 35 31
20 7;7 91 F 35 35 30 35 35 40 45 34
21 5;7 67 M 30 30 30 30 45 45 40 34
22 7;11 95 F 30 30 35 35 45 40 30 36
23 5;6 66 F 25 25 35 30 45 40 30 34
24 9;6 114 M 25 25 25 30 30 30 30 28
25 4;0 48 F 15 15 20 20 20 20 20 19
26 4;4 52 M 10 10 10 10 20 15 5 13
27 3;10 46 F 15 10 10 15 25 15 15 15
28 5;9 69 F 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
29 4;0 48 F 15 5 5 10 20 20 10 10
30 6;9 81 F 15 15 20 30 30 15 15 24
71
編號 年齡(年;月) 性別 ㄇ ㄧ ㄚ ㄨ ㄜ ㄅ ㄉ ㄈ ㄓ ㄎ ㄑ ㄒ ㄙ
1 4;10 M 17 17 29 23 28 23 31 31 36 40 38 36 36
2 8;4 M 12 12 19 13 18 13 16 26 41 30 48 46 41
3 4;8 F 17 12 14 18 13 8 11 11 16 20 23 21 21
4 6;5 M 17 17 24 28 23 13 16 16 21 20 28 31 21
5 7;0 F 17 17 24 28 28 18 16 16 16 20 18 16 16
6 3;8 M 12 17 19 18 18 8 16 11 16 20 23 26 26
7 12;10 F 22 17 24 23 23 18 21 16 26 20 33 36 41
8 5;5 M 7 12 9 8 8 8 6 6 16 10 18 16 21
9 6;7 F 12 17 9 18 13 8 6 6 11 5 23 21 26
10 6;3 M 12 17 4 13 13 18 16 11 16 15 23 21 16
11 6;9 M 12 7 9 18 8 18 21 6 11 20 18 21 26
12 6;4 F 12 12 19 23 23 23 21 21 31 25 33 31 26
13 12;8 M 22 27 34 28 28 28 26 21 21 30 28 31 31
14 6;6 F 12 12 19 13 13 28 31 21 31 30 38 36 41
15 11;6 F 22 22 29 28 28 28 26 26 36 30 43 46 36
16 5;5 F 22 22 24 28 23 18 21 21 21 20 33 36 36
17 7;7 F 27 17 14 23 18 8 11 6 16 10 18 21 21
18 5;3 F 27 27 24 33 33 28 26 21 26 30 28 31 26
19 7;0 M 22 27 24 33 28 23 26 21 26 25 43 41 41
20 7;7 F 22 17 24 23 28 28 31 26 31 30 43 51 41
21 5;7 M 22 22 24 23 28 28 31 26 36 35 43 46 41
22 7;11 F 7 7 24 13 18 13 16 21 26 25 33 36 36
23 5;6 F 32 32 29 33 33 23 21 21 21 25 33 36 31
24 9;6 M 27 27 19 33 28 28 26 21 26 25 38 41 41
25 4;0 F 17 12 19 13 13 18 16 16 26 20 28 26 26
26 4;4 M 22 17 19 18 18 13 16 16 21 15 18 21 16
27 3;10 F 12 12 19 18 23 13 16 21 16 25 23 26 26
28 5;9 F 12 12 19 18 18 3 6 11 21 15 18 21 16
29 4;0 F 17 12 9 13 13 8 1 6 11 15 23 21 26
30 6;9 F 27 22 14 18 8 13 16 16 16 20 18 16 16
72
編 號
HA實際增益值
(輸入音量：65 dB SPL) 壓縮
頻率 壓縮
比例 助聽器廠牌 250 500 1000 2000 4000 6000
1 26 32 39 48 38 25 3.0 k 1.7:1 Phonak Naida S III SP
2 13 25 28 48 35 4 Phonak Naida Q30 UP
3 10 12 7 14 14 16 Phonak Bolero Q50 M13
4 11 12 10 22 18 11 Oticon Sensei
5 35 35 35 34 26 25 GN Resound F0667-DW
6 8 11 8 13 15 9 Phonak Dalia M H2O
7 26 31 30 31 24 19 Bernafon CA5 CPx
8 6 10 7 14 12 5 Phonak eXtra 411 AZ
9 19 23 22 35 25 -1 Phonak Una SP AZ
10 11 14 9 15 18 -5 Phonak Bolero Q70-M13
11 1 9 0 13 15 14 Audio Service Duo
12 4 13 16 22 28 -13 Phonak Naida Q50 SP
13 14 22 31 40 24 24 Phonak Solana M H2O
14 17 26 25 30 25 -14 Phonak Sky Q50-M13
15 13 18 18 34 31 18 Unitron Hearing Aurora2P
16 20 22 21 29 28 19 Phonak Naida I SP
17 12 31 41 43 33 16 Simens Explorer 500P
18 27 31 33 33 28 17 Oticon Nera ProP
19 40 40 33 32 34 33 5.3 k 1.1:1 Phonak Naida V50 SP
20 53 49 48 46 38 48 Starkey S9
21 38 42 41 53 48 1 Phonak Naida Q30-UP
22 33 40 40 48 44 -4 Phonak Naida S V UP
23 26 34 45 51 36 10 3.1 k 2.1:1 Phonak Naida Q70 SP 24 29 30 31 37 39 16 5.3 k 1.1:1 Phonak Naida V50-SP
25 3 12 12 16 8 3 Bernafon Inizia 3 CP
26 15 23 22 28 23 22 Phonak Naida I SP
27 -2 8 9 19 19 14 Argosy Alize 100 SP
28 5 10 12 23 22 9 Audio Service P
29 4 10 7 14 10 9 Widex M2-9
30 -1 11 11 15 9 14 Phonak Bolero Q30 M13
73
音素閾值 ㄅ ㄈ ㄒ ㄒ ㄎ
對應窄頻噪音閾值 250-2k 4k 6k 8k 8k 以音素察覺閾預測窄頻噪音聽閾值時使用
74