䫔ᶨ䭨 ġ 䚖䘬冯⍫冯⮵尉
堐 4-1 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ䚖䘬冯⍫冯⮵尉 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜)
枭䚖 RAPPAM METT EoH
⿏岒 䲣䴙⺋⹎ ⮰㟰⺋⹎ ᾳ⇍⟜⛨
姽慷 䚖䘬
ᾅ嬟⋨攻䘬⃒⃰⿏冯 屯㸸↮惵
⋼≑徥希冯䚋㷔忼⇘
䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥䚖㧁䘬 忶䦳
Ὣ忚╖ᶨᾅ嬟⋨䘬䴻 䆇䭉䎮
⠓⮓
⮵尉
ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮侭ˣ㰢 䫾侭⍲⛐⛘䣦佌䫱㪲
䙲斄ὪṢ
䴻䆇䭉䎮侭䁢ᷣ炻Ṏ⎗
≈ℍ℞Ṿ㪲䙲斄ὪṢ
ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮侭ˣ㰢 䫾侭⍲⛐⛘䣦佌䫱㪲
䙲斄ὪṢ Ḻ≽䦳⹎ᷕ䫱15 Ḻ≽䦳⹎ᷕ军Ỷ Ḻ≽䦳⹎檀
䚠庫㕤忲⭊ˣ⛐⛘⯭㮹⍲ NGO 䫱㪲䙲斄ὪṢ炻䴻䆇䭉䎮侭䓙㕤㴱ℍ⮎⊁庫㶙炻
⛐忚埴姽慷㗪㘖念⎹斄㲐䴻䆇䭉䎮侭䘬奨溆 (Hockings, 2003)ˤỮ晐叿姽慷䚖䘬 ᶵ⎴炻⮵℞Ṿ㪲䙲斄ὪṢ⍫冯䘬慵夾䦳⹎ḇ㚱ⶖ䔘ˤRAPPAM 䓙㕤叿慵ᾅ嬟⋨
䲣䴙攻䘬㭼庫炻䳸㝄⣂ẍ↮㔠㕡⺷⏰䎦炻暋ẍ╖ᶨ奨溆⭂⤒炻枰德忶㪲䙲斄ὪṢ
⛐⍫冯⺷ⶍἄ⛲䘬妶婾ℙ⎴⼊⟹䳸㝄ˤ啱䓙㬌䧖䴻䆇䭉䎮侭ˣ埴㓧Ṣ⒉⍲⢾悐㪲 䙲斄ὪṢ䘬⎴₽⮑㞍 (Peer-based) 㕡⺷炻傥䡢ᾅ㭼庫ᶵ⎴ᾅ嬟⋨㗪炻姽↮䘬ᶨ农
⿏冯㸾䡢⿏炻Ervin (2007) 娵䁢炻⛐忁㧋䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻㪲䙲斄ὪṢᷳ攻㚫ᾅ㊩ᷕ䫱䦳
⹎䘬Ḻ≽ˤMETT 㗗䁢Ḯ⋼≑ᾅ嬟⋨屯慹㋸≑侭慸㶭㓡┬䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬忚䦳炻ẍ⾓
忇䯉㖻䁢姜㯪炻㭳枰柵⢾㓞普屯㕁⌛⎗忚埴 (Stolton et al., 2007)炻⚈㬌⠓⮓侭ẍ䴻 䆇䭉䎮侭䁢ᷣ炻ᶵ⽭䃞天㯪℞Ṿ㪲䙲斄ὪṢ䘬⍫冯ˤ⛐⮎晃➟埴䴻槿ᷕ炻昌Ḯ⮵
悐↮⫿娆䘬䔹⓷炻䴻䆇䭉䎮侭⠓⮓➢㛔ᶲ᷎䃉⣒⣏⓷柴烊⮵⛐⛘䣦⋨冯⬠侭⮰⭞
侴妨炻Ⱄ㕤䴻䆇䭉䎮╖ỵℏ悐ḳ枭䘬柴䚖⤪ˬ14. ⒉ⶍ妻䶜˭16炻䓙㕤䴻䆇䭉䎮妰 䔓㚠ᷕḇ㛒㚱䚠斄屯妲炻㓭䃉㱽ἄ䫼烊侴⮵㕤㴱ℍ㬌⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮庫ᶵ㶙ℍ䘬Ṣ炻
⃀䭉⛐⠓⮓㗪㚱ᾅ做妰䔓㚠庼Ỹ炻⛐ˬ17. 䴻屣䭉䎮˭ˣˬ18. 姕⁁˭⍲ˬ22. 埴㓧
15 Ervin (2007)
16 ˬ14. ⒉ⶍ㚱䃉⍿⇘怑䔞䘬妻䶜ẍ忼⇘䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁烎˭
怲䓴ㆾ⓮㤕ᶲ䘬惘⯭˭17䫱柴枭ᶲṵ庫暋ἄ䫼ˤỮ㔜橼侴妨炻⛐㛒㚱娛䳘屯妲㍸ὃ 䘬ね㱩ᶳ炻䅇〱䴻䆇䭉䎮忳ἄ侭⛐╖䌐⬴ㆸ堐╖ᶲ᷎䃉⣒⣂⚘暋ˤEoH 䁢Ὣ忚ᾳ
⇍ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮炻⮵屯㕁㚱庫䳘䶣䘬天㯪炻侴⛐姒婯冯䃎溆⛀橼䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻 䘤䎦⮹㚱㪲䙲斄ὪṢ傥⣈⚆ㅱ㚱堐╖䘬暨㯪炻ᶵ⎴㪲䙲斄ὪṢ傥ἄ䫼䘬柴枭ḇ 㚱↢ℍ炻⤪⛐⛘䣦⋨⛐ᾅ嬟⋨䘬₡ῤˣ⦩傭⡻≃ˣ㪲䙲斄ὪṢ斄Ὢ⍲㯜沍㊯㧁⚃
䧖枭䚖ᶲ妶婾庫䅙䁰烊⮰⭞⬠侭䘬妶婾普ᷕ⛐₡ῤˣ⦩傭⡻≃ˣ㯜沍冯㯜㔯⛘㔯
㊯㧁炻冯㪲䙲斄ὪṢ⍲⮎⊁忳ἄ㚱斄ˣ⤪⮵䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓㚠䘬悐↮㰺㚱忶⣂姽婾烊 䴻䆇䭉䎮侭⇯⛐㯜沍冯㯜㔯㊯㧁ᶲ䃉㱽㚱⣒⣂⚆ㅱˤ㬌⢾炻⛐⚆栏㓧䫾㱽Ẍ䘬悐
↮炻姽慷侭㘖念㛒傥㚱妶婾ˤ䓙㕤⎬㪲䙲斄ὪṢ⛐䴻䆇䭉䎮ᶲ斄㲐䘬Ⰼ朊ᶵ⎴炻 劍天⬴ㆸ EoH ℏ⏓䘬㚱ⶍ℟炻䃉㱽╖ẘ岜䴻䆇䭉䎮侭炻侴⽭枰㔜⎰ᶵ⎴㪲䙲斄 ὪṢ㍸ὃ䘬屯妲炻㓭⛐⬴ㆸ堐╖䘬ⶍἄ⛲ᷕ炻㪲䙲斄ὪṢᷳ攻㚫ᾅ㊩庫檀䘬Ḻ≽
䦳⹎ˤ
䫔Ḵ䭨 ġ ⎬㕡㱽䘬慵溆㭼庫
堐 4-2 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ⎬㕡㱽䘬慵溆㭼庫 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜)
枭䚖 RAPPAM METT EoH
⃫䳈 傰䴉ˣ夷∫ˣ㈽ℍ⍲忶
䦳 傰䴉ˣ夷∫ˣ㈽ℍ⍲忶䦳 㚱⃫䳈炻Ữ䈡⇍
叿慵ㆸ㝄
傰䴉 ⦩傭
+䴻䆇䭉䎮姽慷 30 柴
⦩傭⡻≃
+䴻䆇䭉䎮姽慷 1 柴 4 枭ⶍ℟
夷∫ 15 柴 7 柴 (℞ᷕ 2 柴嶐⃫䳈)
+6 (≈↮柴) 2 枭ⶍ℟
㈽ℍ 20 柴 8 柴 (2 柴嶐⃫䳈) 1 枭ⶍ℟
忶䦳 15 柴 13 柴 (4 柴嶐⃫䳈)
+3 ≈↮柴 1 枭ⶍ℟
䓊↢ 10 柴 3 柴 (1 柴嶐⃫䳈) 2 枭ⶍ℟
ㆸ㝄 ⡻≃ 2 柴 (1 柴嶐⃫䳈)
+3 ≈↮柴 1 枭ⶍ℟
17 ˬ17. 䴻屣㗗⏎㚱⼿⇘䭉䎮ẍ䫎⎰斄挝䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮暨㯪烎˭烊ˬ18. 姕⁁⮵㕤䴻䆇䭉䎮暨㯪㗗⏎
⃭↮烎˭烊ˬ22. 㚱䃉㭿惘䘬⛇⛘冯㯜㸸ἧ䓐侭⎰ἄ烎˭
1 䴙㔜ⶍ℟
Hockings (1998) 娵䁢炻斄㲐䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮昶㭝ᶵ⎴炻ḇ㚫忈ㆸ姽慷䧖栆䘬ⶖ 䔘ˤˬ㈽ℍ˭昶㭝妶婾䘬㗗傥⏎ἧ㈽ℍ䘬ㆸ㛔㚨⮷⊾炻慵夾䴻㾇朊⎹烊ˬ忶䦳˭㗗
⏎傥⛐䚠⎴䘬㈽ℍᷳᶳἧ䓊↢㚨⣏⊾炻慵夾䘬㗗㓰䌯⓷柴烊ˬ䓊↢˭冯ˬㆸ㝄˭⛐
シ䘬⇯㗗䚖㧁䘬忼ㆸ䦳⹎ˤ⯙柴枭ᶲἮ䚳炻RAPPAM 冯 METT ⮵㕤ˬㆸ㝄˭⮹㚱 叿⡐炻ㆾ姙冯㕡㱽㛔幓䘬䈡⿏㚱斄炻RAPPAM 䁢慸㶭ᾅ嬟⋨屯㸸↮惵䘬⃒⃰⿏炻 METT ⇯㗗䁢Ḯ⾓忇徥希䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳炻⚈㬌⮵ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䚖㧁忼ㆸ庫⮹㴱⍲炻⮵
䓊↢䘬斄㲐ḇ庫Ὗ旸ˤ侴 EoH 昌Ḯ斄㲐ˬ䓊↢˭冯ˬㆸ㝄˭⢾炻ḇ㴱䌝℞Ṿ䘬⃫
䳈炻憅⮵⇵ℑ侭㭼崟Ἦ炻傥⣈㍸ὃ㚜⣂屯妲炻⚈㬌⣂䓐⛐⟜➇Ⰼ䳂䘬姽慷ᶲˤ 劍⮯姽慷㤪↮䁢ᶱ䧖Ⰼ䳂炻Ⰼ䳂ᶨ䘬姽慷⣂ῂ岜㖊㚱屯妲Ἦ姽慷ᾅ嬟⋨䲣䴙ㆾᾳ
⇍ᾅ嬟⋨䘬傰䴉炻忂ⷠẍ忂䓐䘬堐╖⾓忇⛘㩊夾ᶵ⎴䘬ᾅ嬟⋨炻侴庫䃉㱽㩊夾⛐
⛘䘬ね⼊炻⮵ˬ䓊↢˭冯ˬㆸ㝄˭庫㚱旸⇞炻ᷣ天ὃ㰢䫾侭ἧ䓐烊Ⰼ䳂ᶱ⮰㲐㕤 ˬ䓊↢˭冯ˬㆸ㝄˭䘬姽慷炻⻟婧ẍ䚋㷔屯妲Ḯ妋⮵䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁䘬忼ㆸね⼊炻
⎴㗪ḇᾅ㊩⮵℞Ṿ⚃ᾳ⃫䳈䘬䚋㍏炻ᷣ天䓐㕤ᾳ⇍ᾅ嬟⋨炻ὃ⛐⛘䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮侭 冯㪲䙲斄ὪṢἧ䓐烊Ⰼ䳂Ḵ⇯ṳ㕤ℑ侭ᷳ攻 (Hockings et al., 2000)ˤ
⚾ 4-1 䚋㷔冯姽慷䘬Ⰼ䳂 (Hockings, 2000)
䫔ᶱ䭨 ġ 姽慷忶䦳
堐 4-3 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ姽慷忶䦳 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜)
RAPPAM METT EoH
z 㓞普側㘗屯㕁 z 㪲䙲斄ὪṢ↮㜸 z 姒婯㪲䙲斄ὪṢ z 冱彎䫔ᶨ㫉ⶍἄ⛲
z 姒婯 RAPPAM ⓷⌟
z 冱彎䫔Ḵ㫉ⶍἄ⛲
z ↮㜸䳸㝄
z 䡢娵ᶳᶨ㬍冯⺢嬘
z ẍ 姒 婯 ㆾ 䃎 溆 ⛀ 橼
⼊⺷忚埴姽慷 z 攳 㓦 ⺷ 姒 婯 墄 嵛 䚠
斄屯妲
z 㔯䌣婧㞍ˣ屯㕁㓞普 冯⚆栏
z 慸㶭屯㕁仢⎋
z ẍ姒婯ㆾ䃎溆 ⛀橼
⼊⺷墄嵛屯㕁 ᷎忚 埴姽慷
RAPPAM 䳗䧵⣂⸜䘬ᾳ㟰➟埴䴻槿炻㚱庫䳘䶣䘬➟埴㳩䦳ˤ RAPPAM 䚠
⎴炻EoH ḇ枰䴻㬟側㘗屯㕁㓞普䘬忶䦳炻䴻⮎晃㑵ἄ炻䘤䎦 EOH 堐╖劍䓙䨢䘥攳
⥳⠓⮓炻暨天剙屣䲬 16 ⮷㗪炻Ữ劍⃰⮯⠓ℍ屯妲ℵ忚埴姒婯炻ὧ傥⮯姒婯㗪攻䷖
䞕军 2~3 ⮷㗪炻㓭德忶➟埴㕡⺷䘬婧㔜炻ḇ傥ἧ EOH ⾓忇➟埴炻ᶵ忶ḳ⃰⮯屯㕁
⠓䫼炻⛐忚埴姒婯㗪⇯⬀⛐枸姕㟮㝞䘬⎗傥ˤ
⃀䭉᷎㛒夷⭂⽭枰ẍ妶婾㕡⺷忚埴炻⛐姒婯㪲䙲斄ὪṢ⮵㕤 METT 䘬➟埴デ
゛㗪炻㪲䙲斄ὪṢṵ娵䁢ẍ䃎溆⛀橼䘬㕡⺷Ἦ⍾ẋᾳ⇍姒婯庫㚱≑㕤⓷⌟䘬⠓
⮓烉ԖፕКၨӳቪǴёૈפ 6ǵ7 ঁჹ೭္ዕޑΓଆ!)DT13*炻侴䚠庫㕤 㭷ᾳṢᾳ⠓⮓ᶨấ⓷⌟ˣℵ⮯䛦Ṣ䘬⓷⌟↮㔠≈䷥⸛⛯炻䴻䓙妶婾ℙ⎴⼿↢ᶨᾳ 䫼㟰炻ḇ㗗庫䎮゛䘬㕡⺷烉Ⴝ SBQQBN ޑӅ،ٗኬ!)DT12*ˤ㬌⢾炻ẍ䃎溆⛀
橼忚埴 METT炻䔞Ṣ㔠庫⣂㗪炻庫暋䡢ᾅ㭷ỵ⍫冯侭䘮䡢⮎⠓⮓ˬᶳᶨ㬍˭冯ˬ姽 婾˭炻㚱↮㔠䘬䲨抬炻⎗傥䃉㱽ἧ堐╖䘬≇傥䘤㎖⇘㚨⣏ˤᶼᶵ⎴㕤 RAPPAM 冯 EoH 䘬㳩䦳炻METT ⛐⬴ㆸ堐╖⼴炻㛒䔞⟜⮯姽慷䘬㚨䳪䳸㝄冯㪲䙲斄ὪṢ忚 埴↮㜸冯妶婾炻⎗傥㚫ἧ姽慷䘬㓰㝄⍿⇘⼙枧ˤ
䫔⚃䭨 ġ 姽↮䲣䴙
堐 4-4 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ姽↮䲣䴙 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜)
枭䚖 RAPPAM METT EoH
䴎↮
㕡⺷
z 4 䧖怠㑯枭 z 劍姽Ộ䭬⚵䘬⮎
晃ね⼊冯⓷柴㔀 徘⬴ℐᶵ⎴怠㑯 ˬ1˭炻⣏悐ấᶵ⎴
䁢ˬ2˭炻⣏悐ấ䚠
⎴侭䁢ˬ3˭炻⬴ℐ 䚠⎴ẋ堐ᶨᾳ䎮
゛ね⼊炻姀䁢ˬ4˭
z ẍ妰↮⌉
(Scorecard) 䘬㕡
⺷忚埴炻⮯↮㔠↮
䁢⚃䫱䳂
z 㭷ᾳ↮㔠悥㚱⮵
ㅱ䘬婒㖶
z ⣏悐↮䘬堐╖ẍ 㔯⫿姀抬炻ⶍ℟
Ḽ冯ℓẍ姽↮㕡
⺷忚埴炻⎴㧋⮯↮
㔠↮䁢⚃䫱䳂 z 㭷ᾳ↮㔠悥㚱⮵
ㅱ䘬婒㖶
屯㕁
⿏岒
姽↮ (scoring) 姽↮ (scoring) 䚋㷔 (monitoring)
岒⿏ 岒⿏ 慷⊾
妰↮⌉䘬㤪⾝㚨㖑䁢 TNC 䘤⯽䓐㕤ᾅ做䘬䚋㷔冯姽慷ᶲ (Stem et al., 2005)炻 军䚖⇵㗗ⷠ䓐䘬姽慷ⶍ℟ᷳᶨˤRAPPAMˣMETT ẍ妰↮⌉ἄ䁢ᷣ天䘬姽↮㕡
⺷炻傥⣈庫⾓忇䘬Ḯ妋姽慷⛘溆⛐㝸ᶨ㗪攻䘬䉨㱩炻晐叿屯㕁䧵䳗傥姽慷䴻䆇䭉 䎮忶䦳晐叿㗪攻䘬嬲⊾炻ㆸ㛔ḇ剙屣庫Ỷ炻ḇ庫傥⣈忚埴䳸㝄䘬㭼庫ˤ⃀䭉⤪㬌炻 妰↮⌉⛐ἧ䓐ᶲ䘬旸⇞炻⯙㗗䃉㱽⮯ᾅ做埴≽冯⼙枧䚜㍍ᷚ忋炻ᶼ⛐嗽䎮姽慷↮
㔠㗪炻ⷠẍ⸛⛯䘬㕡⺷炻⎗傥忈ㆸ慵天屯妲䘬ἂ⣙ (Stem et al., 2005)ˤEoH 䘬⍇
シ⛐慸㶭㍷徘ᾳ⇍ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䎦㱩炻⚈㬌䳽⣏⣂㔠䘬堐╖ẍ㔯⫿姀庱炻ⶍ℟Ḽ冯 ℓẍ妰↮⌉⼊⺷忚埴ˤ
䁢Ḯ性⍿姒侭⛐ἄ䫼㗪⚈䁢䃉㱽㈱㑯侴怠㑯ᷕ攻ῤ炻ᶱ䧖㕡㱽⛐妰↮⌉悐
↮䘮㍸ὃ⚃ᾳ䫼㟰炻⻟⇞⠓䫼侭 ↢怠㑯ˤ℞ᷕ RAPPAM ᷎㛒䴎Ḱ㭷ᾳ↮㔠䚠⮵
ㅱ䘬㍷徘炻ẍ农㕤⛐㑵ἄ䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻㚦↢䎦姽慷侭⮵⎴ᶨ⓷柴䘬姽婾ㆾ㥳゛䚠⎴炻 䴎↮⌣ᶵ⎴䘬ね㱩烉գ࣮д!)SBQQBN*!๏ޑЁࡋǴћፎգ๏ϩٿϩΟϩǴё
ࢂϙሶћϩϙሶћٿϩѬؒԖۓက//////ӵ݀ךѐୢ୯ৎϦ༜ǵ݅ᆅೀ܈
ځдޑᜢ߯ΓǴךޗ္य़๏ޑ 3Ǵό൩ࢂᆅൂՏ๏ޑ 3ǻٿঁΓӕኬ
๏ 3Ǵՠࢂङࡕ๏ 3 ޑҥࢂόྗޑǴ܌адॺӕኬ๏ 3Ǵՠࢂךளനࡕ рٰޑ่݀գӆ৾ѐѳ֡ࢂؒԖཀကޑǶ܌аٗਔংךޔள SBQQBN ೭ኬǴ
ٗঁϩኧςόڀԖҺՖޑж߄܄!)BT15*Ƕ侴 METT 冯 EoH ⛐⠓䫼㗪炻㭷ᾳ↮
㔠⇯㚱⮵ㅱ䘬⭂佑炻㚱≑㕤䴙ᶨ⠓⮓侭⮵㕤䫼㟰䘬䎮妋炻㷃⮹ᷣ奨ἄ䫼忈ㆸ↮㔠 ⶖ䔘䘬⎗傥炻ἧ姽慷庫㸾䡢 (Stem et al., 2005; Ervin, 2007)烉
NFUU дࢂԖۓကޑǴдӧຑໆϩኧޑጄᛑय़дࢂᇥ႟ϩࢂϙሶϩǵٿϩ ΞࢂϙሶǴ೭ঁћЁࡋϯǴٗ೭ঁ tdbmjoh ୷ҁࢂԖۓကޑǴ//////೭ঁ!)NFUU*!
ޑӳೀࢂдעѬೕϯΑǴ܌аך๏ 3 ࢂӢࣁךӕཀ೭ঁ௶ॊ๏ 3Ǵ݅ᆅೀ࣮ډ 3 ൩ࢂ೭ঁ 3Ǵޗ࣮ډ 3 Ψ๏೭ঁ 3Ǵ܌аεৎޑҥࢂठޑǴٗ೭ਔ
ং೭ঁ 3 ൩ԖཀကΑǶ܌аӧຑໆय़ѬК SBQQBN ᓬࢂӢࣁд๏ΑঁЁࡋϯ!
)BT15*ˤ
姽↮䲣䴙ḇ䈥㴱屯㕁䘬⿏岒炻EOH 嫃㯪屯㕁Ἦ㸸 (evidence-based)炻叿慵䘬ˬㆸ 㝄˭⃫䳈炻忂ⷠẍ慷⊾㕡⺷⏰䎦炻䓙䚋㷔屯㕁䳗䧵侴Ἦ炻᷎朆Ἦ冒ảỽṢ䘬奨溆烊 RAPPAM 冯 METT 䘬↮㔠⇯⍾㰢㕤姽慷侭䘬奨溆炻晾䃞ẍ㔠⫿䲨抬炻Ữ⿏岒ᶲ⌣
㗗岒⿏屯㕁 (qualitative information)炻⎗傥㚫晐叿⠓䫼侭䩳⟜ᶵ⎴侴㚱ⶖ䔘炻ḇ 庫⭡㖻⍿ῷ夳ⶎ⎛炻㗗忁栆✳姽慷㚨ⷠ⍿⇘岒䔹䘬⛘㕡 (Hockings, 2003; Ervin, 2007)烉КӵᇥᔼᆅޑϩёૈคݤӣเǴSBQQBN Ԗ၎ੰ೭ঁϩǴӢࣁค ݤӣเԖ٤ᜢ߯Γёૈ൩Ꮷག๏ϩǹٗ FPI Кၨಒጏޑϩ൩ࢂሡाຏ
ၗٰྍ!)QF3*ǴNFUU ൩ࢂҔຑϩޑБԄՉ!)OFG15*Ƕ!
⃀䭉⤪㬌炻岒⿏ㆾ慷⊾屯㕁ℑ㕡ᷳ攻᷎䃉⃒≋ᷳ↮炻悥⽭枰䴻忶Ṣ䁢䘬屯㕁 㓞普冯娖慳炻䔞 EoH 䘬䚋㷔屯妲ᶵ嵛㗪炻ṵ䃞⽭枰ẘ岜⮰⭞䘬シ夳炻⍾⼿慷⊾
ᶵ傥⍲䘬屯妲ˤHockings et al.(2011) 娵䁢炻姽慷ˬ傰䴉˭ˣˬ夷∫˭⍲ˬ忶䦳˭怑
⎰ἧ䓐岒⿏屯㕁炻侴ˬ㈽ℍ˭ˣˬ䓊↢˭⍲ˬㆸ㝄˭⇯怑⎰慷⊾屯㕁 (Hockings et al., 2011)ˤ
Hockings et al.(2011) 㚦⯙ WCPA 㝞㥳䘬⃫䳈㩊夾⎬姽慷㕡㱽䘬屯㕁⿏岒炻㛔
䞼䨞㒟⍾ RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 忚埴⼁㔜ˤRAPPAM 䘬悐↮炻昌Ḯㆸ㝄⢾炻℞
检⃫䳈䘮㗗岒⿏䘬㊯㧁炻䁢嬻Ṣ⋒⣟⿅䘬㗗炻ˬ㈽ℍ˭㖶㖶䁢 RAPPAM 叿慵 䘬⃫䳈ᷳᶨ炻堐╖ᶲ⌣⮯℞㬠栆䁢ˬ㛒姽慷˭炻ᶼ᷎㛒≈ẍ婒㖶⍇⚈ˤMETT 冯 RAPPAM 䚠⎴炻⮵㕤㚱⃫䳈䘮ẍ岒⿏䘬㕡⺷⠓䫼ˤEoH ⛐ˬ傰䴉˭ˣˬ㈽ℍ˭⍲
ˬ忶䦳˭ᶱᾳ悐↮炻晾䃞㚫⍫侫℞Ṿ䘬⎗⼿屯妲炻Ữ姽慷䳸㝄⣏㉝ᶲ䓙䛦Ṣ䘬奨 溆⼊⟹侴ㆸ炻㓭䁢䲼䃞䘬岒⿏屯妲烊ˬ夷∫˭悐↮枰⍫䄏䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓㚠䘬屯妲忚 埴⠓䫼炻Ữṵẍ岒⿏㕡⺷䁢ᷣ烊ˬ䓊↢˭冯ˬㆸ㝄˭ᷣ天䁢慷⊾屯妲炻叿慵⮎晃ⶍ ἄ柣⹎䘬忼ㆸ冯䚋㷔屯㕁䘬嬲⊾炻Ữ⤪⇵徘炻⛐䚋㷔ᶵ嵛㗪炻⮰⭞シ夳ṵỼ㚱
⼰⣏䘬⛘ỵˤ
堐 4-5 ᶱ㕡㱽⎬⃫䳈䘬屯㕁Ἦ㸸⿏岒 (丒墥冒 Hockings, 2011)18
枭䚖 RAPPAM METT EoH
傰䴉 + + +
夷∫ + + ++
㈽ℍ Na + +
忶䦳 + + +
䓊↢ + + +++
ㆸ㝄 Na + +++
18 Na ẋ堐ˬ㛒姽慷˭烊+堐ˬ䲼䃞岒⿏䘬㊯㧁 (Ữㆾ姙㚫⍫侫⎗⼿屯妲)˭烊++堐ˬᷣ天䁢岒⿏䘬
㊯㧁 (Ữ⎗傥⊭⏓ᶨṃ㔠⫿㊯㧁⤪䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓ᷕ䘬㔠⫿)˭烊+++堐ˬᷣ天䁢慷⊾ (Ữ䔞屯㕁ᶵ嵛 㗪⎗傥ẘ岜⮰⭞シ夳)˭烊++++ẋ堐ˬ䲼䃞慷⊾䘬㊯㧁˭ˤ
䫔Ḽ䭨 ġ ⃒仢溆冯怑䓐㡅ẞˣ暨ㆸ㛔
堐 4-6 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ⃒仢溆冯怑䓐㡅ẞˣ暨ㆸ㛔 (㛔䞼 䨞⼁㔜)
枭䚖 RAPPAM METT EoH
⃒溆 RAPPAM ⛐ᾳ㟰ᶲ䘬忳䓐炻娵䁢 RAPPAM 䡢⮎㚱≑慸㶭䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬⃒仢溆冯ᾅ嬟
⋨怕⍿䘬⦩傭⡻≃炻Ữ天⮯䳸㝄冯⼴临夷䔓忋䳸ṵ暨㈽ℍ柵⢾≒≃ˤ昛ỹ䏬 (2012)
ଛ!)QF3*Ƕ!
METT ⻟婧⾓忇➟埴炻ㆸ㛔Ỷˣ㗪攻䞕炻䔞屯妲冯屯㸸㚱旸炻Ữ怬㗗⽭枰忚 埴姽慷㗪炻⌛⎗ẍἧ䓐 METT炻䁢➢䢶䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮屯妲抒⠲ˤ
EoH 䘬堐╖傥㍸ὃᾳ⇍ᾅ嬟⋨䳘䶣䘬屯妲炻䃞侴㟡㒂忶⍣娎⚾▿娎 EoH 侴㛒 㝄䘬䴻槿炻劍㰺㚱㖶䡢䘬ᾅ做䚖㧁炻⼴临⮵ㅱ䘬㊯㧁悐↮ḇ䃉㱽㈻↢Ἦ烉FpI ޑख़ ᗺӧܭߥػҞǴᗨฅᇥࢂຑໆǴдΨћգۓр٤КၨܴዴޑܿՋ//////ך
ளനᜤޑ൩ࢂҞޑϩ!)QF3*!
℞Ṿ㔯䌣⛐㭼庫姽慷㕡㱽㗪炻䘮㊯↢ EoH 䚠庫℞Ṿℑ㕡㱽炻⛐㗪攻冯慹拊ㆸ 㛔ᶲ䘬剙屣庫⎗奨炻䓙℞Ṿᾳ㟰ᷕ炻䓙㕤冱彎ⶍἄ⛲⽭枰⮯㪲䙲斄ὪṢ䓙⎬㕡普
⎰炻Ṍ忂冯ỷ⭧屣漸⣏炻ẍ⚃⸜㛇䘬妰䔓侴妨炻㭷⸜枰剙屣䲬ᶱ叔伶⃫ˣ90 叔⎘
⸋䘬屯慹Ἦ➟埴 (Hockings et al., 2006)ˤỮ⯙㛔䞼䨞䘬➟埴䴻槿侴妨炻⚳⢾䘬屯慹 ㆸ㛔㚱䚠䔞⣏䘬悐↮㗗剙⛐㪲䙲斄ὪṢ䘬㨇䤐冯ỷ⭧屣䓐ˣㆾ㗗䚋㷔屯㕁䘬墄⻟
ᶲ炻冢䀋ⶍἄ⛲䘬冱彎⣂䁢䔞⣑⼨彼炻庫⮹朊冐⇵徘ね⼊炻侴⯙䃉⯦㷗Ἦ䚳炻⍿
よ㕤⇵ℑ㫉 RAPPAM 䘬姽慷䴻槿ẍ⍲役⸜䘬屯㕁䳗䧵炻ἧ⼿㬌㫉 EoH ➟埴䘬㔜橼 㗪攻冯䴻屣ㆸ㛔旵Ỷ炻᷎㛒⤪⚳⢾㟰ἳ⻟婧䘬屣ᶵ屚ˤ
⎎⢾炻EoH 䘬堐╖㪬ỵ冯ᾅ做妰䔓㚠㟤⺷㚱䚠䔞䘬⮵ㅱ⿏炻⍿姒侭娵䁢劍⮯
堐╖⠓㺧炻傥⣈㺧嵛ᾅ做妰䔓㚠天㯪䘬屯妲烉FPI Ԗ٤ϩ಄ӝߥػीฝਜޑ
Ҟ//////߃གྷҔ FPI ޑচӢϩ൩ࢂӢࣁाঅुߥػीฝਜǴٗߥػ
ीฝਜдࢂࡐಒޑϣǴٗգ࣮ SBQQBN ୷ҁԖϩኧǴՠգόޕၰ೭ঁډ
ۭा࡛ሶׯǴٗ FPI ܌ᒏКၨ၁ಒ൩ࢂдޑाգঁঁѐፕǴٗעຑ ໆֹޑਔংǴ୷ҁߥػीฝਜΨֹԋΑǴԖ೭ঁښၰӧ!)QF3*炻㓭⺢嬘⎗㏕
惵ᾅ做妰䔓㚠䘬ᾖ㓡㛇䦳炻㭷ᶱ⇘Ḽ⸜ἧ䓐ˤ