保護區經營管理效能評量方法的比較 ─以宜蘭縣無尾港水鳥保護區的施行經驗為例

୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢғނၗྍᄤၭᏢଣහ݅ᕉნᄤၗྍᏢس ᅺγፕЎ

School of Forestry and Resource Conservation College of Bioresources and Agriculture

National Taiwan University Master Thesis

ߥ

ߥៈ୔࿶ᔼᆅ౛ਏૈຑໆБݤޑКၨ

─аەើᑜค׀ෝНചߥៈ୔ޑࡼՉ࿶ᡍࣁٯ

Comparing Methodologies of Protected Areas

Management Effectiveness Evaluation─ A Case Study of Wu-wei-kang Wildlife Refuge, Ilan

ླྀᴦ᨞

Yi-Peng, Yang

ࡰᏤ௲௤: ᐽၰ݇ റγ Dau-Jye Lu, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ 103 ԃ 9 Д

September, 2014

嫅 嫅娴

⃭⮎⍰嵴嵴㑆㑆䘬Ḵ≈ᶨ⸜炻ᶵ䞍ᶵ奢⯙忶Ḯ炻⚆゛忁ᶱ⸜⤥⁷䘤䓇Ḯ⼰⣂

ḳ炻 妰∫⍣㖍㛔⍣㽛㳚彎䞼妶㚫炻ㆹ゛ㅱ娚䬿⼿ᶲ⃭⮎ˤ椾⃰天デ嫅䘬Ṣ炻䎮

㇨䔞䃞㗗䚏忻㜘侩ⷓ炻嫅嫅Ἀ栀シᾉảㆹˣ䴎ㆹ⎬⺷⎬㧋䘬▿娎㨇㚫怬㚱朆ⷠ⣏

䘬䘤㎖䨢攻炻㓦ảㆹ䁢朆ἄ㬡⑰⑰ˤ㚜慵天䘬㗗炻䴎Ḯㆹ怈怈崭忶⬠㤕䘬Ṣ䓇┇

䘤炻嫅嫅Ἀᶨ嶗ᶲṎⷓṎ⍳䘬昒Ờˤ

嫅嫅嵁剅列侩ⷓˣ叱伶㘢侩ⷓˣ⚳㔯⬠攟ˣỽ䩳⽟侩ⷓˣ㛶䳈楐侩ⷓ⍲㜿列

〕侩ⷓ炻⛐婾㔯㑘⮓忶䦳⍲ℑ㫉⎋娎ᷕ䴎ㆹ䘬溻⊝␴シ夳炻嬻ㆹ⮵冒⶙ᶵㆸ䅇䘬 㕡⎹傥㚱两临㊹㇘䘬≽≃冯≯㯋ˤ

嫅嫅㕥ᶲ䱇侩ⷓˣ㖶⃱⣏⣏ˣ娴所怬㚱Ὣ忚㚫䘬㇨㚱Ṣ炻ᶵ⍕℞䄑⛘⸓ㆹ⮓

Ḯᶨấ⍰ᶨấ䘬⓷⌟炻⍫≈ᶨ㫉⍰ᶨ㫉䘬ⶍἄ⛲炻晾䃞⶚䴻㏆ᶵ㶭㤂⒒ᶨấ㗗⒒ ᶨấḮ怬㗗䴆䚉儎㯩⚆゛炻ⶴ㛃ᷳ⼴䘬⬠⻇⥡ᶵ㚫忁㧋㉀䢐ἈᾹ⑰⑰炻ㆹッἈᾹˤ

㫋㫋␴⮷伭炻⺽柀ㆹ忚ℍˣㇻℍ䓘慶䘬ℑỵ慵天Ṣ䈑炻嬻ㆹḇ傥ㆸ䁢Ὣ忚㚫 line 佌䳬䘬ᶨ⒉ˤ㯠怈ᶵ㚫⾀姀⛐⭺桐ᷕ怲㳩滣㯜怲姀抬⮷㯜泐埴䁢炻怬㚱㭷㫉 沍婧悥冒ἄ⬥䜉ᶵ⇘ᶱ⮷㗪䘬朑␥ね婤ˤ

ㆹ⎴㡗䘬⻇⃬Ᾱ炻⏛㖨呱⃺ˣ㰇⑩⏃⃺怬㚱䌳佶⃺炻ᶨ崟䔊㤕Ḯ䛇⤥炰䡑ᶨ

⼭⛐凒㷔棐䘬㗪攻䬿䬿⤥⁷㭼⼭⛐⭞墉怬天攟炻ᶨ崟⁷堅⇢䎕⾝㚠崽⟙⏲ˣ嫃ᶨ ṃ䁢岎㕘录⻟婒ォ䘬娙䛇嬻Ṣ㆟⾝⑰⑰炻䳸㝄ㆹᾹ䘬卯卯␴ⶫᶩ⿒䌠悥ᶵḮḮᷳ

Ḯ炻ⶴ㛃ṾᾹ⛐⣑ᷳ曰⬱⤥ˤ

昛⿉⬱ⓟㆹ䘬㽛㳚⭌⍳炻デ嫅㽛㳚埴嬻ㆹ䛇㬋娵嬀⥛ˣRandyˣ欗怩怩怬㚱 Lameru炻晾䃞⼴ᶱ侭⛐ㆹ婾㔯᷎ᷕ㰺㚱㳦ᶲṨ湤䓐⟜⑰⑰ˤ㚱㨇㚫ℵᶨ崟⚆⍣

⏏炻䚳䚳䊤䊤䘬⣑䨢怬㚱⥛⎗ッ䘬 home 䇠⩥炻ᶳᶨ䪁炻Burwood Station炰 匱㔯⬠⥲炻嫅嫅⥛㈲ㆹ棝⼿偍偍䘬炻⛐⥛㹓楐䘬⭞墉怲⎫暞梇怲䚳 paper 䛇 㗗ᶨ䧖ṓ⍿炻婾㔯晾䃞⏲Ḯᶨᾳ㭝句炻Ữ㗗ㆹᾹ䘬⮷昲㯠ᶵ妋㔋炰嫅⮷㼀炻ᶵ䞍 忻䁢Ṩ湤奢⼿ㆹᾹ⶚䴻娵嬀⼰ᷭḮ炻⥛䘬⬀⛐嬻ㆹ儍佞刚䘬娙柴㚱Ḯ↢⎋⑰⑰ˤ

㭷㫉⑒㋢⍿⇘姽慷匤㭺䘬⬠⻇⥡炻嫅嫅ἈᾹ⁷慶㞛⤛䌳柕ᶨ㧋⤖≃劎㐸炻㰺㚱䜉 ㆸᶨ䇯ˤ嫅嫅䐑ヰ␴ỹ䏬ℑỵ⬠⥲ (烎) ᶵ⍕℞䄑⛘⚆䫼ㆹ䘬⓷柴ˣ㍍⍿ㆹ䘬槟 㒦炻攳㉻Ḯ䞼䨞䘬嶗炻ἈᾹ㗗ᶵ⎗ㆾ仢䘬⇵Ṣ偑儨ˤ

⊿⣏屯㸸㇨䘬媠ỵ炻晾䃞⎒䔞Ḯᶨ⸜䘬⎴⬠炻嫅嫅ἈᾹ㰺㚱㌺㒈ㆹ怬㗗㗪ⷠ

㈦ㆹ䍑炻䈡⇍デ嫅叱⺢ᶨ⃰䓇炻㓞䔁ㆹˣⷞㆹ⎫⤥╅⤥怬天塓ㆹ怟⾺炻忁ᶨ⭂⯙

㗗㇨媪䘬䓟敐囄⏏⑰⑰炻Ἀ䳸⨂ㆹ㚫⊭⼰⣏ᶨ⊭䘬炻䘤忼Ḯᶵ天⾀姀ㆹˤ

ㆹ䘬⮷䉿䚏⌉㕗炻嫅嫅Ἀ忁湤䗪䗺忁湤㮃䴐䴐炻Ἀ㚨᷾㚨㡺Ḯ炰ḇ嫅嫅昛⦩

⽿␴㝼㝼炻ἈᾹ㚫ㆸ䁢⼰⤥䘬䇞㭵䘬ˤ

⸽Ⰼ⮷姀侭㠩⽟䍲⮷⥸炻⥛㗗ㆹ夳忶㚨 man 䘬䓇䈑炻ㆹ゛⥛䘬幓橼墉⣏㤪ỷ Ḯᶨᾳ暟䤆䳊䇦⏏炻⤪㝄⎗ẍ㈲≽≃䀓干䘬⢾䙖僓ᶳἮㆹᶨ⭂⩩⥛ˤ嫅嫅⥛ᶨ䚜

⮝ㆹ炻㷉忶忁㭝㗪㛇⯙㚫⼰⤥䘬炻ㆹ㚫昒叿⥛ˤ

㰇 cos炻娵嬀⋩⸜Ḯ炻⤥䘬㗪῁⢆䘬㗪῁炻嫅嫅⥛ᶨ䚜悥⛐ˤ⶚䴻㰺㚱彎㱽

゛⁷㰺㚱⥛䘬Ṣ䓇Ḯ炻㇨ẍ㍍ᶳἮ䘬⤥⸦ᾳ⋩⸜炻ḇ婳⥛⣂⣂㊯㔁ˤ

㚨⼴炻⩥⩥⥡⥡␴感⻇怬㚱㰺Ṩ湤⸓ᶲ⾁䘬侩䇠⑰⑰炻嫅嫅ἈᾹ⼰⮹⸚㴱ㆹ 䘬㰢⭂ˣ満満⛘昒Ờ⬰῁炻㰺㚱ἈᾹ䔞⼴䚦炻ㆹᶵ㚫㚱㓦⽫堅⇢䘬≯㯋ˤ

嫅嫅忁㭝㛇攻䴎Ḱㆹ⸓≑␴┇䘤䘬㇨㚱Ṣ炻␴ἈᾹ䚠嗽忶䘬溆㺜炻悥㗗ㆹṢ 䓇ᷕ㚨慵天䘬梲↮ˤ

ḇ嫅嫅ㆹ䴎Ḯ冒⶙ᶨ㫉㊹㇘䘬㨇㚫炻⤪㝄㚱䁢冢䀋䘬ᾅ做ⷞἮᶨ溆⮷⮷䘬届 䌣炻恋⯙⣒⤥Ḯˤ

ᄔा

㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐㭼庫ẍ WCPA 㝞㥳䁢➢⸽䘤⯽䘬ᶱ䧖姽慷㕡㱽ʇRAPPAMˣ METT ⍲ EoH 䘬姽慷忶䦳冯䳸㝄炻啱䓙㔯䌣⚆栏⼁㔜↢㭼庫朊⎹⼴炻ẍ姒婯ˣ䃎 溆⛀橼⍲ⶍἄ⛲䘬㕡⺷㕤䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨➟埴 METT 冯 EoH炻᷎㕤 2010 ⸜ RAPPAM 䘬➟埴䳸㝄㭼庫炻娎⚾Ḯ妋⎴㧋䘤⯽冒 WCPA 㝞㥳炻ᶱ䧖姽慷㕡㱽䘬 䳸㝄㚫⏎㚱ⶖ䔘炻᷎⮵㛒Ἦ冢䀋⛐姽慷㕡㱽䘬忳䓐㍸↢⺢嬘ˤ

䞼䨞䳸㝄栗䣢炻⎴㧋䘤⯽冒 WCPA 㝞㥳炻ᶱ䧖姽慷㕡㱽䘬䳸㝄⣏农䚠⎴炻ᶵ 忶⛐姕妰⬠䎮冯⍇⇯ᶲ䘬ⶖ䔘⇯䘬䡢㚫⍵ㅱ⛐姽慷䴻槿ᶲˤEoH 暨天㈽ℍ庫⣂㗪 攻炻䓙₡ῤ⭂佑⇘㊯㧁慸㶭炻⚈㬌傥⣈⼿⇘㭼庫䳘䶣䘬姽慷䳸㝄烊RAPPAM ẍ㭼 庫䁢ᷣ炻⛐柴䚖姕妰ᶲᶵ⇑㕤╖ᶨᾳ㟰䘬妋嬨烊METT 䘬柴枭⮹炻ᶵ枰㈽ℍ⣒⣂

㗪攻炻⚈㬌傥㍸ὃ⮵䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳䘬⾓忇䷥奥ˤ

⃀䭉䞼䨞䳸㝄⣏农ᶲ⌘姤Ḯ㔯䌣⼁㔜䘬屯妲炻㛔䞼䨞㕤ᾳ㟰➟埴㗪ṵ䘤 䎦炻䴻忶ᶨṃ婧㔜炻傥嬻忁ṃⶍ℟⛐⎘䀋䘬忳䓐㚱㇨ᶵ⎴ˤEoH 䘬ㆸ㛔⛐⚳⢾➟

埴㗪㚱⼰⣏ᶨ悐↮Ἦ冒姽慷⍫冯侭⛐㨇䤐冯ỷ⭧屣䘬剙屣炻Ữ⎘䀋䘬朊䧵⮷ˣ傥

⣈䔞⣑Ἦ⚆炻⚈㬌ㆸ㛔᷎㛒庫 RAPPAM ⣂烊RAPPAM 䴻忶姒婯㳩䦳冯㚫嬘屯㕁 㟤⺷䘬婧㔜炻傥⣈⡆≈⛐ᾳ㟰姽慷ᶲ䘬怑䓐⿏ˤMETT 劍傥⮯姒婯屯㕁㓞普滲ℐˣ 㚱䲣䴙⛘⼁㔜炻ḇ傥⣈㍸ὃ庫䳘䶣䘬屯妲ˤ

䓙㕤㭷䧖姽慷㱽⎬㚱℞姕妰⬠䎮冯⬿㖐炻㰺㚱ᶨ䧖㕡㱽傥⣈䫎⎰㇨㚱䘬暨 㯪ˤ⮵㕤㛒Ἦ⛐⎘䀋䘬ἧ䓐炻㛔䞼䨞⺢嬘ẍ㏕惵䘬㕡⺷炻㭷ᶱ⇘Ḽ⸜㍉䓐 METT ἄ䁢㛇ᷕ姽慷炻㭷⋩⸜⇯㍉䓐 EoH 忚埴庫䳘䶣䘬姽慷ˤ劍➢䢶屯妲䳗䧵ṵᶵ⃭

↮炻⇯⎗ẍ婧㔜忶⼴䘬 RAPPAM 㚧ẋᷳˤ

斄挝娆烉ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷ˣIUCN-WCPA 㝞㥳ˣᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮⾓忇姽 慷冯⃒⃰姕⭂㱽ˣ䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥徥希ⶍ℟ˣ⡆忚ㆹᾹ䘬多䓊ˣ䴻䆇䭉䎮夷∫ˣ䷦

㓰姽Ộ

Abstract

Adopting Wu-wei-kang Wildlife Refuge as the study site, this study aimed to compare the process and results of three methodologies of protected area effectiveness evaluationʇ RAPPAM, METT and EoH. RAPPAM was implemented in 2010, while METT and EoH were applied from late 2013 to 2014. Using literature review,

interview, focus group and workshops, this study try to figure out the differences of the results and put forward the suggestions about the implementation of evaluation

methodologies in Taiwan.

The study showed that the three methods developed from WCPA framework generally have the similar results. However, the divergence in the principles indeed brought about some deviation in the end. For example, EoH needs more time input, and it produces more delicated results. RAPPAM developed to do the comparison works, therefore, its reslts are beneficial for decision-making level but more difficult to be used on site level. METT doesn’t need too much effort and it can only provide a scan of the management process toward conservation goals.

Nevertheless, the study still revealed some differences from the case study. From other cases, the majority of EoH’ cost comes from the flght tickets and accommodation of the workshop participants. Since Taiwan’s protected areas usually close to the cities and settlement, the cost wasn’t that high as expected. By adjusting the process and format of management plan, the utility of RAPPAM in the case assessment could be improved. METT can provide more detailed information as long as the qualitative data are compiled completely and systematically.

There is no evaluation method of protected area management effectiveness can suitable for all cases. The study made some advice to the future implmmentation in Taiwan. First, adopt METT as a way to do the mid-term review every 3-5 years. And

every 10 years, have more comprehensive assessments, EoH might be a good way. If the data isn’t sufficient to do so, RAPPAM might be an alternative approach.

keywords烉protected area management effectiveness evaluation (PAME), IUCN-WCPA framework, RAPPAM, METT, EoH, management planning, performance assessment

䚖抬

⎋娎⥼⒉㚫⮑⭂㚠... i

嫅娴 ...ii

㐀天 ...iv

Abstact ... v

䫔ᶨ䪈 ⇵妨...1

䫔ᶨ䭨 䞼䨞≽㨇...1

䫔Ḵ䭨 䞼䨞䚖䘬...4

䫔Ḵ䪈 㔯䌣⚆栏... 5

䫔ᶨ䭨 姽慷⍾⼹䘬䘤⯽冯㳩嬲...5

䫔Ḵ䭨 WCPA 㝞㥳䘬䘤⯽冯㤪⾝ ...6

䫔ᶱ䭨 䲣䴙⺋⹎姽慷ʇRAPPAM ...10

䫔⚃䭨 ⮰㟰⺋⹎姽慷ʇMETT...14

䫔Ḽ䭨 䈡⭂⟜⛨䘬姽慷ʇEoH ...20

䫔ℕ䭨 姽慷㕡㱽㭼庫...24

䫔ᶱ䪈 䞼䨞㛸㕁冯㕡㱽...26

䫔ᶨ䭨 䞼䨞⮵尉冯䭬⚵ʇ䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨...26

䫔Ḵ䭨 䞼䨞㕡㱽...28

䫔ᶱ䭨 䞼䨞㳩䦳...29

䫔⚃䭨 姽慷㕡㱽㑵ἄ...30

䫔Ḽ䭨 䞼䨞旸⇞...37

䫔ℕ䭨 䞼䨞侭⭂ỵ...37

䫔⚃䪈 ᶱ䧖姽慷㱽㭼庫ʇ㕡㱽ᶲ... 38

䫔ᶨ䭨 䚖䘬冯⍫冯⮵尉...38

䫔Ḵ䭨 ⎬㕡㱽䘬慵溆㭼庫...39

䫔ᶱ䭨 姽慷忶䦳...41

䫔⚃䭨 姽↮䲣䴙...42

䫔Ḽ䭨 ⃒仢溆冯怑䓐㡅ẞˣ㇨暨ㆸ㛔...45

䫔Ḽ䪈 姽慷䳸㝄 (ᶨ)... 47

䫔ᶨ䭨 2010 ⸜ RAPPAM 姽慷䳸㝄 ...47

䫔Ḵ䭨 METT 姽慷䳸㝄...53

䫔ℕ䪈 姽慷䳸㝄 (Ḵ)ʇ EoH 姽慷䳸㝄... 64

䫔ᶨ䭨 傰䴉...64

䫔Ḵ䭨 夷∫...74

䫔ᶱ䭨 ㈽ℍ...78

䫔⚃䭨 忶䦳...81

䫔Ḽ䭨 䓊↢...85

䫔ℕ䭨 ㆸ㝄...88

䫔ᶫ䪈 ᶱ䧖姽慷㱽㭼庫ʇ⦩傭⡻≃... 94

䫔ᶨ䭨 ⠓䫼㕡⺷...94

䫔Ḵ䭨 姽慷䳸㝄...97

䫔ᶱ䭨 冯⼴临䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬忋䳸...100

䫔ℓ䪈 姽慷㕡㱽㭼庫ʇ䴻䆇䭉䎮姽慷䳸㝄...103

䫔ᶨ䭨 傰䴉...103

䫔Ḵ䭨 夷∫...107

䫔ᶱ䭨 ㈽ℍ... 110

䫔⚃䭨 忶䦳... 112

䫔Ḽ䭨 䓊↢... 115

䫔ℕ䭨 ㆸ㝄... 116

䫔ḅ䪈 妶婾冯䳸婾... 117

䫔ᶨ䭨 妶婾... 117

䫔Ḵ䭨 䳸婾冯⺢嬘... 118

⍫侫㔯䌣 ... 121

⚾䚖抬

⚾ 2-1 䴻䆇䭉䎮⽒䑘ʇWCPA 㝞㥳 (Hockings et al., 2006) ...7

⚾ 2-2 RAPPAM 㕡㱽⬠ (ⶎ) 冯⛐⎘䀋䘬㑵ἄ㳩䦳 (⎛) ⮵䄏 (㛔䞼䨞丒墥炻⍫冒 䚏忻㜘䫱炻2013) ...13

⚾ 2-3 EoH ⶍ℟冯 WCPA 㝞㥳攻䘬斄倗 (∱䛇㰅丒墥冒 Hockings et al., 2008).22 ⚾ 2-4 EoH 姽慷忶䦳䯉⚾ (㛔䞼䨞丒墥炻ᾖ㓡冒 Hockings et al., 2008)...24

⚾ 3-1 ⭄嗕䷋䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨ỵ伖㙐䭬⚵⚾ (伭㘸厙丒墥)... 27

⚾ 3-2 䞼䨞㳩䦳 ...30

⚾ 4-1 䚋㷔冯姽慷䘬Ⰼ䳂 (Hockings, 2000) ... 40

⚾ 5-1 䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨ 2010 ⸜䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷䳸㝄ʇ⦩傭⡻≃悐↮ (㛔䞼䨞冒埴丒墥)... 48

⚾ 5-2 2010 ⸜ RAPPAM 姽慷䳸㝄 ...49

⚾ 5-3 2010 ⸜ RAPPAM 姽慷䳸㝄ʇ傰䴉 ... 50

⚾ 5-4 2010 ⸜ RAPPAM 姽慷䳸㝄ʇ夷∫ ... 50

⚾ 5-5 2010 ⸜ RAPPAM 姽慷䳸㝄ʇ㈽ℍ ... 51

⚾ 5-6 2010 ⸜ RAPPAM 姽慷䳸㝄ʇ忶䦳 ... 51

⚾ 5-7 2010 ⸜ RAPPAM 姽慷䳸㝄ʇ䓊↢ ... 52

⚾ 5-8 METT 2004-2006 ⸜⡻≃䳸㝄⼁㔜 (Stolton et al., 2007b ... 53

⚾ 5-9 METT ⦩傭⡻≃姽慷䳸㝄 (䓙⣂军⮹㌺↿炻㛔䞼䨞丒墥)... 54

⚾ 5-10 2004-2006 ⸜ METT 姽慷䳸㝄⼁㔜 (1) (Stolton et al., 2007b) ... 56

⚾ 5-11 2004-2006 ⸜ METT 姽慷䳸㝄⼁㔜 (2) (Stolton et al., 2007b)... 56

⚾ 5-12 2004-2006 ⸜ METT 姽慷䳸㝄⼁㔜 (3) (Stolton et al., 2007b) ... 56

⚾ 5-13 2004-2006 ⸜ METT 姽慷䳸㝄⼁㔜 (4) (Stolton et al., 2007b) ... 57

⚾ 5-14 2004-2006 ⸜ METT 姽慷䳸㝄⼁㔜 (5) (Stolton et al., 2007b) ... 57

⚾ 5-15 METT 姽慷䳸㝄 ... 59

⚾ 6-1 EoH 䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳姽慷䳸㝄...85

⚾ 6-2 2003-2014 ⎬沍⬋⮷㯜泐㚨⣏慷嬲⊾ (伭䏳厙丒墥) ...90

⚾ 6-3 2003-2014 ⎬沍⬋剙◜泐㚨⣏慷嬲⊾ (㛔䞼䨞丒墥) ...91

堐䚖抬

堐 2-1 WCPA 㝞㥳ʇᷣ柴冯⮵ㅱ⃫䳈 (⼁㔜冒 Hockings et al., 2006) ... 7

堐 2-2 RAPPAM ⓷⌟ʇ➢㛔屯㕁 ... 11

堐 2-3 RAPPAM ⓷⌟ʇ⦩傭⡻≃婧㞍 ... 11

堐 2-4 RAPPAM ⓷⌟ʇ⎬⃫䳈㵝味ᷣ柴 ...12

堐 2-5 RAPPAM ⓷⌟ʇ䓇䈑慵天⿏枭䚖姽慷 ... 12

堐 2-6 METT ᶱ䇰㛔ᷳ攻䘬ⶖ䔘冯㳩嬲 ...15

堐 2-7 METT ⓷⌟ʇᾅ嬟⋨屯㕁堐 (㛔䞼䨞嬗冒 Stolton et al., 2007) ... 17

堐 2-8 METT ⓷⌟ʇ⡻≃姽慷堐 (㛔䞼䨞嬗冒 Stolton et al., 2007) ... 17

堐 2-9 METT ⓷⌟ʇ䴻䆇䭉䎮姽慷堐 (嬗冒 Stolton et al., 2007) ... 18

堐 2-10 METT ⓷⌟ʇ䴻䆇䭉䎮姽慷堐䘬⓷枭 (㛔䞼䨞嬗冒 Stolton et al., 2007) 18 堐 2-11 EoH ⓷⌟䳬ㆸ (昛䐑ヰ⼁㔜冒 Hockings et al., 2008) ... 22

堐 2-12 姽慷㕡㱽㭼庫朊⎹⼁㔜 ...25

堐 3-1 METT ⓷⌟冯⍇䇰堐╖䘬ⶖ䔘 ...31

堐 3-2 METT ➟埴䲨抬堐 ... 32

堐 3-3 EoH ⓷⌟冯⍇䇰堐╖䘬ⶖ䔘...33

堐 3-4 EoH ➟埴䲨抬堐... 34

堐 3-5 ⟙⮶Ṣ䷥堐 ...35

堐 4-1 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ䚖䘬冯⍫冯⮵尉 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ...38

堐 4-2 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ⎬㕡㱽䘬慵溆㭼庫 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ...39

堐 4-3 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ姽慷忶䦳 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ... 41

堐 4-4 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ姽↮䲣䴙 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ... 42

堐 4-5 ᶱ㕡㱽⎬⃫䳈䘬屯㕁Ἦ㸸⿏岒 (丒墥冒 Hockings, 2011) ... 44 堐 4-6 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ⃒仢溆冯怑䓐㡅ẞˣ㇨暨ㆸ㛔 (㛔䞼䨞⼁

㔜) 45

堐 5-1 ⦩傭冯⡻≃↮㔠廱㎃堐 (㛔䞼䨞嬗冒 Ervin, 2003)...47

堐 5-2 䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨ 2010 ⸜䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷䳸㝄ʇ⦩傭⡻≃悐↮ (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜冒 2014 ⸜䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨ᾅ做妰䔓)... 47

堐 5-3 METT 2013 ⸜䃉⯦㷗⡻≃姽慷䳸㝄 (㛔䞼䨞丒墥)...55

堐 5-4 METT ⎬柴⸛⛯⼿↮冯姽婾⼁㔜 ...59

堐 6-2 EoH 堐╖ʇ1b.姀庱䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁⍲℞冯ỵ伖₡ῤ攻䘬斄Ὢ... 66

堐 6-3 EoH 堐╖ʇ慸㶭⦩傭... 67

堐 6-4 EoH 堐╖ʇ冯㪲䙲斄ὪṢ䘬斄Ὢ...69

堐 6-5 EoH 堐╖ʇ⚆栏⚳⭞㓧䫾ℏ⭡...73

堐 6-6 EoH 堐╖ʇ䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓屯妲...74

堐 6-7 EoH 堐╖ʇᷣ天妰䔓㚠䘬怑䔞⿏...74

堐 6-8 EoH 堐╖ʇ姕妰姽Ộ... 77

堐 6-9 EoH 堐╖ʇ7a. 姽Ộ䴻䆇䭉䎮暨㯪冯⒉ⶍ㈽ℍ ...78

堐 6-10 EoH 堐╖ʇ7b. 姽Ộ䴻䆇䭉䎮暨㯪冯枸䬿㈽ℍ...78

堐 6-11 EoH 堐╖ʇ姽Ộ䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳 ...81

堐 6-12 EoH 堐╖ʇ䓊↢姽Ộ... 85

堐 6-13 EoH 堐╖ʇ11a.䚋㷔䴻䆇䭉䎮ㆸ㝄 ... 88

堐 6-14 EoH 堐╖ʇ11b.姽Ộ䴻䆇䭉䎮ㆸ㝄 ... 91

堐 6-15 EoH 堐╖ʇ䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷䳸㝄䴙㔜... 92

堐 7-1 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ⦩傭⡻≃⠓䫼㕡⺷ (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ...94

堐 7-2 RAPPAMˣEoH 冯 METT ἧ䓐䘬 IUCN-CMP 枭䚖ⶖ䔘 ... 96

堐 7-3 EoH 姽慷䳸㝄ʇ⦩傭⡻≃↮㔠⊾ (㛔䞼䨞㔜䎮) ...98

堐 7-4 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ⦩傭⡻≃姽慷䳸㝄 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ...98

堐 7-5 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH ⦩傭⡻≃姽慷冯⼴临䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬忋䳸 (㛔䞼䨞⼁ 㔜) 100 堐 7-6 RAPPAM 冯 EoH ⚈ㅱ㍒㕥⮵ㅱ (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ...101

堐 8-1 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ傰䴉⓷枭 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜... 103

堐 8-2 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ夷∫⓷枭 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ... 107

堐 8-3 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ㈽ℍ⓷枭 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ... 110

堐 8-4 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ忶䦳⓷枭 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ... 112

堐 8-5 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇ䓊↢⓷枭 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ... 115

堐 8-6 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 㭼庫ʇㆸ㝄⓷枭 (㛔䞼䨞⼁㔜) ... 116

䫔ᶨ䪈 ġ⇵妨

䫔ᶨ䭨 ġ 䞼䨞≽㨇

ᾅ嬟⋨喲啷Ḯ寸⭴䘬慶䓇≽㢵䈑冯➢⚈⣂㧋⿏炻昌‍ℐ㔜橼䓇ン䲣⢾炻Ṏ㍸

ὃᶨ䲣↿䘬䓇ン䲣㚵⊁炻塓夾䁢䎦⛘ᾅ做㚨㚱㓰䘬㨇⇞ᷳᶨ炻ḇ㗗䎦埴⎬䧖ᾅ做 㓧䫾䘬慵天➢䢶 (Glowka et al., 1994; Hockings, 2003; Worboys et al., 2005; Bertzky et al., 2012)ˤ⽆ 1992 ⸜䓇䈑⣂㧋⿏℔䲬 (Convention on Biological Diversity, 䯉䧙

CBD) 天㯪℞㚫⒉⚳⺢䩳ᾅ嬟⋨䲣䴙ẍ⇑䓇䈑⣂㧋⿏ᾅ做军Ṳ炻ℐ䎫ᾅ嬟⋨䘬㔠慷

⶚⡆≈ 58%炻䷥朊䧵ḇᶲ⋯Ḯ 48% (Bertzky et al., 2012)ˤ䃞侴ᾅ嬟⋨朊䧵᷎ᶵ嵛 ẍἄ䁢䓇䈑⣂㧋⿏⍿⇘ᾅ嬟䘬ὅ㒂 (Coad et al., 2013a)炻仢᷷㚱㓰䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮炻䓇 䈑⣂㧋⿏ṵ⎗傥㊩临㷃⮹ (Leverington, 2010)ˤ天ἧᾅ嬟⋨䘬≇傥⼿ẍ䘤㎖炻斄挝

⛐㕤⼴临䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮 (Hockings, 2003; Dudley, 2004; Worboys et al., 2005; Hockings et al., 2006)ˤ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻㭷⸜㈽ℍᾅ做䘬䴻屣䲬㚱㔠䘦叔伶⃫炻晐叿ᾅ嬟⋨㔠慷⡆

≈炻㚱旸䘬屯㸸ˣ屯慹㋸≑侭䘬斄㲐⍲⚳晃ᶲ⮵屔ᾉ⹎䘬天㯪炻Ὣἧ䭉䎮侭㬋夾烉 ㆹᾹ䘬㈽ℍ㗗⏎䛇㬋ᾅ嬟⇘ㆹᾹ天ᾅ嬟䘬 (Castro and Locker 2000, WRI 2000;

Hockings et al., 2000; Hockings, 2002; Parrish et al., 2003)烎

䁢⚆ㅱ忁枭㍸⓷炻⚳晃ᾅ做䣦㚫攳⥳↢䎦⮵ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷

(Protected Area Management Effectiveness Evaluation) 䘬妶婾ˤ姽慷 (Evaluation) ㊯ 䘬㗗ˬὅ㒂枸⃰怠⭂䘬⍇⇯Ἦ姽㕟䉨㱩ㆾ堐䎦˭炻侴䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷炻ὧ㗗㩊㷔 ᾅ嬟⋨⮵ᾅ嬟₡ῤ冯䚖㧁䘬忼ㆸ䦳⹎炻ḇ⎗ẍ婒炻ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷⯙㗗 姢㕟ᾅ嬟⋨塓䭉䎮⼿㚱⣂⤥䘬ᶨ䲣↿姽慷 (Hockings et al., 2006烊昛䐑ヰ炻2011)ˤ 1990 ⸜ẋᷕ㛇崟炻⛐姙⣂朆䆇⇑䳬䷼冯ᾅ嬟⋨䭉䎮侭≒≃ᶳ炻䘤⯽↢⎬䧖姽慷㕡 㱽炻Ữ忁ṃ㕡㱽⣂㗗憅⮵╖ᶨ⛘⋨ㆾ䓇䈑ᶲ䘬嬘柴炻䇯朊ᶼ仢᷷ᶨ农䘬䎮婾䳸㥳炻 䃉㱽䵄奨䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬㔜橼䉨㱩烊䓙ᶵ⎴ᾅ嬟⋨⼿⇘䘬屯㕁暋ẍ㔜⎰↮㜸烊ᶼ⛐姽 慷忶䦳ᷕḇ歖⮹䲵ℍ㪲䙲斄ὪṢ䘬⍫冯 (James, 2001; Ervin, 2003; Hockings et al., 2006烊䌳䈏⮏炻2007)ˤ㚱揹㕤㬌炻⚳晃冒䃞ᾅ做倗䚇 (International Union for

Conservation of Nature, ẍᶳ䯉䧙 IUCN) 䘬ᶾ䓴ᾅ嬟⋨⥼⒉㚫 (World Commission on Protected Areas, 䯉䧙 WCPA) ⥼妿㽛㳚 Queensland ⣏⬠䘬 Marc Hockings ⛀ 昲炻⼁㔜䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥䘬䚠斄嬘柴᷎娎⚾㈦↢ㅱ⮵ᶲ徘⓷柴䘬姽慷㕡㱽ˤ⛐侫慷

⎬⛘ᶵ⎴䘬側㘗冯姽慷暨㯪⼴炻Hockings ⛀昲娵䁢冯℞⺢䩳㖊⭂䘬姽慷ⶍ℟炻ᶵ

⤪㍸ὃᶨ⣿䘤⯽姽慷㕡㱽䘬➢㛔㤪⾝冯㝞㥳ˤ䴻忶ᶨ䲣↿ⶍἄ⛲䘬妶婾䞼㒔炻2000

⸜㗪↢䇰Ḯ䫔ᶨ䇰䘬 WCPA 㝞㥳炻ὅ⽒䴻䆇䭉䎮⽒䑘䘬怷廗炻⮯䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳℟

橼⊾䁢ℕᾳ⃫䳈烉⛐㖊㚱䘬ˬ傰䴉˭㡅ẞᶳ炻⺢䩳ᾅ嬟⋨䘬栀㘗炻㟡㒂㬌栀㘗忚 埴ˬ夷∫˭᷎↮惵屯㸸ˬ㈽ℍ˭炻䴻忶ᶨ䲣↿䴻䆇䭉䎮ˬ忶䦳˭炻ˬ䓊↢˭䚠⮵ㅱ䘬

⓮⑩冯㚵⊁炻㚨⼴德忶忁ṃ䓊↢⮵䴻䆇䭉䎮ⷞἮ䘬⼙枧炻Ḯ妋㔜橼䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮ˬㆸ 㝄˭(Hockings et al., 2002; Hockings, 2003; Worboys et al., 2005; Hockings et al., 2006)ˤ

WCPA 㝞㥳⓷ᶾ⼴炻ẍ㬌䁢➢䢶䘤⯽䘬姽慷㕡㱽⎗↮䁢ᶱ䧖栆✳ (Hockings et al., 2006烊Dudley et al., 2007)烉

z 䲣䴙⺋⹎䘬姽慷 (System-wide assessments)烉㵝味ᶨ⚳⭞ㆾ⋨➇ℏ䘬㇨㚱ᾅ 嬟⋨炻㖐⛐⋼≑䴻䆇䭉䎮侭忚埴䲣䴙Ⰼ䳂屯㸸↮惵冯⚈ㅱ⦩傭⡻≃䘬㰢 䫾炻⤪ᶾ䓴冒䃞➢慹㚫 (World Wild Fund for Nature炻ẍᶳ䯉䧙 WWF) 䘤

⯽䘬ˬᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮⾓忇姽慷冯⃒⃰姕⭂㱽˭(The Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Areas Management Methodology炻䯉䧙

RAPPAM)ˤ

z ⮰㟰⺋⹎䘬姽慷 (Portfolio-wide assessments)烉姽慷⮵尉䁢㝸ᶨ䳬䷼㇨㋸≑

⮰㟰妰䔓ℏ䘬㇨㚱ᾅ嬟⋨炻忁ṃᾅ嬟⋨ᶵᶨ⭂Ἦ冒ᶨᾳˬᾅ嬟⋨䲣䴙˭炻 忂ⷠ㗗ẍ⓷⌟ㆾ妰↮⌉ (Scorecard) 䘬㕡⺷忚埴炻傥庫⾓忇⛘⍵ㅱ↢ᾳ㟰 䘬ね⼊炻㍸ὃ⮰㟰䭉䎮侭ˣ屯慹㋸≑侭ㆾ嶐㓧⹄䳬䷼⺢嬘炻Ữᶵ㴱⍲ᾅ 嬟⋨ℏ⭡䘬㍊妶冯⭂ỵ炻ḇ庫暋忚埴ᾳ㟰攻䘬㭼庫ˤ⤪ World Bank/ WWF

Alliance 䁢姽慷㔜橼⮰㟰䘬忚䦳炻侴䘤⯽䘬ˬ䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥徥希ⶍ℟˭

(Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool炻䯉䧙 METT)ˤ

z 䈡⭂⟜⛨䘬姽慷 (Site-specific assessments)烉姽慷⮵尉䁢ᶨᾳㆾᶨ䳬忋临䘬 ᾅ嬟⋨炻䚖䘬䁢⺢䩳攟㛇䘬䚋㷔䲣䴙炻⏰䎦䳘䶣䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮䉨㱩炻ẍ㍸

ὃᾅ嬟⋨䭉䎮侭Ὣ忚怑ㅱ⿏䭉䎮¹䘬㊯⋿炻⤪䁢Ḯᶾ䓴多䓊⛘ (World Heritage Sites) 䘤⯽䘬ˬ⡆忚ㆹᾹ䘬多䓊˭(Enhancing our Heritage炻䯉䧙 EoH)ˤ

⎴㧋⺢䩳㕤 WCPA 㝞㥳ᶲ炻㬌ᶱ䧖⍾⼹悥㚱≑㕤㩊槿ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰 傥ˣ慸㶭⼙枧㓰傥䘬⚈䳈⍲⦩傭⡻≃䘬♜慵⿏ˤᶵ忶 Stoll-Kleemann (2010) 㰚⍾

ᶵ⎴ᾳ㟰➟埴䴻槿炻㭼庫 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH ᶱ䧖姽慷㕡㱽⼴炻䘤䎦姽慷⍾

⼹䘬ⶖ䔘炻㚱㗪㚫忈ㆸ姽慷䳸㝄䚠Ḻ䞃䚦ˤMETT ⛐ 2004 军 2005 ⸜㗪㚦㕤 WWF 妰䔓䭬⚵ℏ䘬 330 ᾳ⛘溆ℏ➟埴炻忁ṃ屯㕁⼴Ἦ⛐ 2008 ⸜㗪ḇ塓㓞ℍℐ䎫䘬姽慷 屯㕁⹓忚埴䵄⎰↮㜸炻⃀䭉 METT ⛐㇨㚱屯㕁䘬Ỽ㭼檀忼Ḽ↮ᷳᶨ²炻⛐⦩傭⡻≃

冯䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥䘬姽慷䳸㝄ᶲṵ䦵㚱↢ℍˤStoll-Kleemann ㍸⇘炻忁㧋䘬䳸㝄ⶖ䔘

⎗傥㗗㸸㕤㭼庫䩳➢溆䘬ⶖ䔘炻⁷㗗㧋㛔⣏⮷ᶵ⎴ˣ⎬姽慷㕡㱽怠⍾䘬㊯㧁ᶵ⎴炻

⮶农 METT 䘬䳸㝄塓℞ṾḼ↮ᷳ⚃䘬屯㕁⼙枧ㆾ䦨慳ˤỮ忁㧋䘬㭼庫ḇ⺽崟䞼䨞 侭䘬冰嵋烉劍㗗⮯⎴㧋䘤⯽冒 WCPA 㝞㥳䘬姽慷㕡㱽䓐㕤⎴ᶨᾳᾅ嬟⋨ᶲ炻⼿⇘

䘬䳸㝄㚫ᶵ㚫㚱㇨ᶵ⎴烎⚆栏㖊㚱㭼庫ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷㕡㱽䘬䞼䨞炻㭼 庫䘬㕡⺷⣂叿⡐㕤㕡㱽㛔幓炻⤪㊯㧁ˣ姕妰⬿㖐䘬ⶖ䔘 (The Nature Conservancy, 2007烊㪲Ἓ炻2010)炻侴朆姽慷䳸㝄䘬㭼庫ˤStoll-Kleemann 晾䃞⯙ᶵ⎴ᾳ㟰䘬姽慷 䳸㝄忚埴⼁㔜冯妶婾炻Ữṵ仢᷷㭼庫䘬➢㸾溆炻⮵⤪ỽ㭼庫ḇ⮹㚱娛䳘婾徘ˤ

1 怑ㅱ⿏䭉䎮 (Adaptive management) 㗗ᶨ䧖䴻䆇䭉䎮⍾⼹炻⮯忶⍣䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮䫾䔍ἄ䁢⬠佺屯 㸸炻㊯⺽⼴临䘬埴≽ (Stankey et al., 2003)ˤ

2 2010 ⸜䘬 Global Study ᷕ炻㇨㚱姽慷㕡㱽䘬屯㕁ℙ㚱 4092 䫮炻℞ᷕ METT 䘬屯㕁Ỽ 865 䫮 (Leverington et al., 2010)炻䲬䁢 21.1%ˤ

䫔Ḵ䭨 ġ 䞼䨞䚖䘬

RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH ᶱ䧖姽慷㱽䘮䘤⯽冒 WCPA 㝞㥳炻ḇ↮⇍㗗ᶱ䧖姽 慷⍾⼹ᷕ㚨⺋㲃塓ἧ䓐䘬㕡㱽 (Leverington et al., 2010; Geldmann, 2013)ˤ㛔㔯娎

⚾ẍ⎴ᶨᾳ㟰ʇ⭄嗕䷋䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨䁢➢䢶炻㭼庫ᶱ䧖姽慷㕡㱽⛐⎴ᶨᾳ㟰 ᶲ䘬㑵ἄ炻䳸㝄㚫䓊䓇ỽ䧖ⶖ䔘烎䓙㔯䌣⼁㔜冯⮎晃➟埴䴻槿ᶲ忚埴㭼庫↮㜸炻

᷎⏰䎦ᶱ㕡㱽⛐ᾳ㟰忳䓐ᶲ䘬⃒仢溆ˣ怑䓐ね⠫炻㛃㍸ὃ冢䀋㛒Ἦ⛐姽慷㑵ἄ⮎

⊁ᶲ䘬⍫侫ˤ

㛔㔯㝞㥳䘬冾昛炻䓙䫔Ḵ䪈 WCPA 㝞㥳攳⥳炻㔀徘⎬⃫䳈䘬姕妰㤪⾝冯ℏ㵝炻

㍍叿ὅ⸷ṳ䳡 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH ᶱ㕡㱽䘬䘤⯽ˣ⬿㖐⍲➟埴㕡⺷炻᷎⚆栏 䚖⇵㭼庫姽慷㕡㱽䘬䚠斄䞼䨞炻⼁㔜㭼庫朊⎹炻 䁢⼴临㭼庫䘬➢㸾㝞㥳烊䫔ᶱ 䪈婒㖶ᾳ㟰䘬怠⍾⍇⇯ˣ姽慷㕡㱽⤪ỽ➟埴冯䞼䨞㳩䦳烊䫔⚃䪈⯙⎬㕡㱽㛔幓䘬 姕妰⍇⇯ˣ姽↮忶䦳⍲䲣䴙䫱⃒仢忚埴㭼庫烊Ḽˣℕ䪈⇯↮徘⎬姽慷㕡㱽⼿⇘䘬 䳸㝄烊䫔ᶫˣℓ䪈㭼庫ᶱ䧖姽慷㕡㱽⼿⇘䘬⦩傭⡻≃冯䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥䳸㝄炻⼁㔜 㔜ᾳ䞼䨞䘬㑵ἄ䳸㝄烊㚨⼴ᶨ䪈㚫⯙ᶱ㕡㱽䘬ⶖ䔘⍲➟埴忶䦳ᷕ䓊䓇䘬嬘柴忚埴 妶婾冯䷥䳸ˤ

䫔Ḵ䪈 ġ㔯䌣⚆栏

䫔ᶨ䭨 ġ 姽慷⍾⼹䘬䘤⯽冯㳩嬲³

1990 ⸜ẋ攳⥳炻ᾅ做䘬姽慷㕡㱽ᷣ天㚱䉨㱩姽Ộ (Status assessment) 冯㓰傥 慷㷔 (Measuring effectiveness) ℑ䧖⍾⼹ˤ䉨㱩姽Ộⶴ㛃⚆䫼䘬⓷柴㗗ˬㆹᾹ㇨斄

⽫䘬䓇䈑⣂㧋⿏䉨㱩⤪ỽ烎˭德忶㕷佌䚋㷔 (Population monitoring)ˣ⾓忇姽Ộ (Rapid assessment) ⍲妰↮⌉ (Scorecards) 䫱㕡⺷炻㩊夾䈡⭂䓇ン⯢⹎⤪㝸ᶨ䈑 䧖ˣ㕷佌ㆾ䓇ン䲣䘬䉨ン炻ᶵ䈥㴱冯Ṣ䁢㳣≽䘬斄倗ˤ晾䃞℞㚱≑㕤慸㶭䓇䈑⣂

㧋⿏䘬䎦䉨ˣ⠓墄⮵㕤ᾅ嬟⋨䞍嬀ᶲ䘬仢⎋炻Ữ⾥䔍䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬忶䦳冯⼙枧䭉䎮 傥≃䘬⢾悐⚈⫸炻㰺彎㱽⍵㗈↢䴻䆇䭉䎮埴≽冯䓇ンᷳ攻䘬⚈㝄斄Ὢˤ䚠⍵⛘炻 㓰傥慷㷔㵝味朊⎹⇯庫⺋炻娎⚾⚆䫼ˬㆹᾹ㍉⍾䘬埴≽㚱㰺㚱䓊䓇枸㛇䘬⼙

枧烎˭炻㩊夾䈡⭂䘬ᾅ做ⶍἄ㗗⏎䘤㎖枸㛇䘬≇傥炻⛐冯䚖㧁ˣ埴≽ˣ忶䦳⍲㩊㷔 䘬㊯㧁ᶲ㚱庫㖶䡢䘬忋䳸ˤ

㓰傥慷㷔⎗↮䁢⼙枧姽Ộ (Impact assessment) 冯怑ㅱ⿏䭉䎮 (Adaptive management)ˤ⼙枧姽Ộ忂ⷠ倂䃎㕤⮵䓇ン冯䓇䈑⣂㧋⿏䘬⼙枧炻╖㫉⛘㩊㷔妰䔓 䘬ㆸ㝄ˣ晐叿妰䔓䳸㜇侴ẹ㬊炻仢᷷忋临⿏ˤ怑ㅱ⿏䭉䎮⇯㗗ᶨ ᷕ⬠ (Learning by doing) 䘬忶䦳炻⮯妰䔓䘬姕妰ˣ䴻䆇䭉䎮⍲䚋㷔䲣䴙⿏⛘㔜⎰ˤ㚨㖑忳䓐怑ㅱ

⿏䭉䎮㤪⾝䘬㗗 USAID (U.S. Agency for International Development) 㕤 1970 ⸜㍸↢

䘬怷廗㝞㥳 (Logframe)⁴炻Ữ忳ἄ怷廗塓㈡姽忶㕤䶂⿏炻ḇ䃉㱽㺧嵛屯慹岲≑侭ˣ 朆䆇⇑䳬䷼ㆾ⛐⛘ᾅ嬟⋨⒉ⶍ䫱ᶵ⎴㪲䙲斄ὪṢ䘬暨㯪ˤ1990 ⸜ẋᷕ㘂㛇炻⣏䛦

゛Ḯ妋㈽㲐㕤ᾅ做䘬屯㸸㗗⏎塓㖶㘢⛘↮惵⇑䓐炻攳⥳↢䎦⮵屔ᾉ⹎

(Accountability) 嬘柴䘬慵夾炻斄㲐䃎溆䓙ẍ⼨䘬䓊↢ (Outputs) 廱䦣⇘䳸㝄 (Results) ᶲ炻ⶴ㛃啱䓙㩊夾䳸㝄炻⍵㗈↢䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬ㆸ㓰冯䑘⠫䘬䎦㱩ˤ䃞侴炻 忶㕤㲐慵䳸㝄⌣忈ㆸḮ⮵䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳䘬⾥䔍ˤ

3 㛔㭝⼁㔜冒 Salafsky et al., 2001; Salzer and Salafsky, 2003; Stem et al., 2005; Hockings et al., 2006ˤ

4 怷廗㝞㥳⻟婧⃰慸㶭䚖㧁炻ℵ㍉⍾䁢Ḯ忼⇘䚖㧁䘬䚠⮵ㅱ埴≽炻慵夾䚖㧁冯埴≽䘬忋䳸炻⮯妰 䔓忳ἄ妋㜸䁢䚖䘬 (goal)ˣ䚖㧁 (purpose)ˣ䓊↢ (outputs) ⍲㈽ℍ (inputs) ⚃ᾳ朊⎹ˤ

⎴ᶨ㗪攻炻⣏冒䃞ᾅ嬟⋼㚫 (The Nature Conservancy炻䯉䧙 TNC)ˣWWF 䫱

⚳晃ᾅ做䳬䷼㍉䓐Ḯ⮰㟰⽒䑘䭉䎮 (Project-cycle management) 䘬㤪⾝炻⻟婧䴻䆇 䭉䎮㗗ᶨᾳ⽒䑘䘬忶䦳炻ảỽ姽慷䳸㝄悥ㅱ娚㊩临⍵棳⇘䴻䆇䭉䎮㰢䫾ᷕˤ⼴Ἦ IUCN-WCPA⁵㇨䘤⯽䘬 WCPA 㝞㥳ḇ㍉䓐㬌ᶨ㤪⾝炻侴ὅ㒂䴙妰炻埵䓇冒㬌㝞㥳 䘬姽慷㱽炻䚖⇵⶚⛐ 140 ⣂ᾳ⚳⭞忳ἄˣ㚱崭忶 9000 䫮䘬䞼䨞䳸㝄 (Leverington et al. 2010; Nolte et al. 2010)ˤ

䫔Ḵ䭨 ġ WCPA 㝞㥳䘬䘤⯽冯㤪⾝

1992 ⸜䫔⚃⯮ᾅ嬟⋨⣏㚫⼴炻㓰傥姽慷䃉䔹ㆸ䁢ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮㚨慵天䘬嬘 柴ᷳᶨ (㛶⃱ᷕ䫱炻2013烊Leverington et al., 2010)ˤ姽慷⍾⼹㚫⚈ᾅ嬟⋨傰䴉ˣ㪲 䙲斄ὪṢ斄㲐䘬嬘柴⍲⎗⼿屯㸸侴䔘 (Stem et al. ,2005)ˤ⃀䭉晐叿斄㲐≈㶙炻ᶾ 䓴⎬⛘䳃䳃䘤⯽↢⎬䧖姽慷㕡㱽炻Ữ䚜⇘ WCPA 㝞㥳↢䎦⇵炻ᶨ䚜㛒㚱ᶨᾳᶨ农

⿏䘬㝞㥳 (James, 2001; Ervin, 2003)ˤ揺㕤姙⣂⚳⭞⛐姽慷ᶲ⶚㈽ℍ䚠䔞䦳⹎䘬≒

≃慷炻ᶼ㪲䙲斄ὪṢ䘬暨㯪⎬㚱ᶵ⎴炻Hockings ⛀昲⍿妿⺢䩳 WCPA 㝞㥳炻㍸ὃ ᶨ⣿䘤⯽ㆾ㔜⎰䎦㚱姽慷㕡㱽䘬➢㸾炻ἧ⎬⛘⋨ˣᶵ⎴姽慷㕡㱽ᷳ攻傥忚埴㭼庫炻

⎴㗪ḇ䡢ᾅḮ姽慷䲣䴙傥忼⇘㚨Ỷ䘬⑩岒天㯪 (Hockings, 2004)ˤ

Hockings ⼁㔜䚠斄姽慷㕡㱽冯㊯㧁炻娵䁢ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮䓙ᶱᾳᷣ柴⊦≺侴 ㆸ炻ᶼ⛐䴻䆇䭉䎮⽒䑘䘬怷廗ᶳ炻⎗忚ᶨ㬍↮䁢ℕᾳ⃫䳈 (堐 2-1)炻⎬⃫䳈⛐㝞 㥳ᷕ⌈㚱ᶵ⎴䘬ỵ伖冯シ㵝 (Hockings, 2000; Hockings, 2003; Hockings et al., 2006)烉

5 ⼤㗪ṵ䁢 Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas (䯉䧙 CNPPA)炻2000 ⸜㗪ㇵ㚜⎵䁢 WCPAˤ

⚾ 2-1 䴻䆇䭉䎮⽒䑘─WCPA 㝞㥳 (Hockings et al., 2006)

堐 2-1 WCPA 㝞㥳ʇᷣ柴冯⮵ㅱ⃫䳈 (⼁㔜冒 Hockings et al., 2006)

ᷣ柴 ⃫䳈 ㍷徘 姽慷䃎溆

姕妰/夷∫

(Design/Planning) ᾅ嬟⋨䘬姕妰㗗⏎嵛ẍ ᾅ嬟℞㫚ᾅ嬟䘬₡ῤ烎

傰䴉 (Content)

側㘗ˣ慵天⿏ˣ朊冐⦩傭冯⎗

⼿㨇㚫ˣ⍿⼙枧䘬㪲䙲斄Ὢ Ṣˣ䴻䆇䭉䎮冯㓧㱣䑘⠫ˤ

ね㱩 (Status) 夷∫

(Planning)

ᾅ嬟⋨䘬栀㘗ˣ䚖㧁ˣ䚖䘬冯 䫾䔍ˤ

怑↯⿏

(Appropriate) 怑䔞⿏ (Adequacy/

Appropriateness) 䴻䆇䭉䎮䲣䴙冯忶䦳⮵

娚ᾅ嬟⋨Ἦ婒炻㗗⏎⃭↮

᷎怑䔞烎

㈽ℍ (Input)

ᾅ嬟⋨忳ἄ㗪䘬Ṣ≃ˣ屯慹⍲

姕⁁屯㸸ˤ

屯㸸 (Resource) 忶䦳

(Progress) ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮忳ἄ䘬㕡⺷ˤ 㓰䌯 (Efficiency)

⁛忼 (Delivery)

ᾅ嬟⋨㗗⏎傥⣈䵕㊩䓇 䈑⣂㧋⿏ˣ㉝䥎⦩傭⍲忼

⇘℞Ṿ䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁烎

䓊↢

(Outputs)

姽慷㕡㟰冯埴≽䘬➟埴ˣ⁛怆 䘬䓊⑩冯㚵⊁ˤ

㓰傥 (Effectiveness)

ㆸ㝄 (Outcomes)

ᾅ做ㆸ㝄⍲ᾅ嬟⋨⮵㕤ᾅ做䚖 㧁䘬忼ㆸ䦳⹎ˤ

㓰傥 怑↯⿏

(Effectiveness Appropriate)

(ᶨ) 傰䴉ʇᾅ嬟⋨䘬ỵ伖ㆾ䎦㱩烎

傰䴉晾䃞㛒䚜㍍㴱⍲䴻䆇䭉䎮炻⌣㍸ὃḮ夷∫冯⮎埴䭉䎮䘬側㘗屯妲ˤ₡ῤ 㗗ᾅ嬟⋨姕䩳䘬㟠⽫⍇⚈炻德忶慸㶭₡ῤ炻傥⣈䡢䩳䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁冯⦩傭⡻≃炻 ὃ㪲䙲斄ὪṢ⮑夾䚖⇵䉨㱩炻侴⮵ㆸ㝄䘬姽慷ḇ斄Ὢ⇘忁ṃ₡ῤ塓ᾅ嬟䘬䦳⹎ˤ

⚈㬌炻㬌枭⃫䳈斄㲐䘬慵溆⊭㊔₡ῤ冯慵天⿏ˣ⮵ᾅ嬟⋨䘬⦩傭ˣ庫⣏⯢⹎䘬⢾

⛐⚈䳈⤪㓧䫾䑘⠫ˣẍ⍲㚫⍿ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮⼙枧䘬㪲䙲斄ὪṢˤ

(Ḵ) 夷∫ʇㆹᾹ゛天⇘⒒墉烎ㆹᾹ⤪ỽ⇘忼烎

⛐➢䢶姕妰ᶲ㚱仢星䘬ᾅ嬟⋨⼰暋忼⇘㚱㓰䌯䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮ˤ列⤥䘬夷∫ㅱ侫 ㄖ⇘冯ᾅ嬟⋨䚠斄䘬㱽夷㓧䫾炻怬㚱䈑䎮ᶲ䘬姕妰⚈䳈⤪⣏⮷ˣ⼊䉨ˣ忋䳸⿏

(Connectivity) ⍲⬴㔜⿏ (Integrity)炻劍㗗ẍ䲣䴙䘬奺⹎忚埴姽慷炻怬枰㩊夾℞娚 ᾅ嬟⋨㗗⏎℟ẋ堐⿏ˣ⛐㔜ᾳᾅ嬟⋨䵚䴉ᶲ䘬ỵ伖ˤ㬌⢾炻⛐姽慷℞Ṿ䴻䆇䭉䎮 䘬⃫䳈㗪炻㬌昶㭝⺢䩳䘬䚖㧁ˣ䓊↢⍲ả⊁ⷠ㚫ㆸ䁢⺢䩳㛇⼭冯➢㸾䘬➢䢶炻⚈

㬌䴻䆇䭉䎮夷∫䘬怑↯⿏ḇ㗗侫慷䘬慵溆ˤ

(ᶱ) ㈽ℍʇㆹᾹ暨天Ṩ湤烎

屯㸸ⷠ⮵䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥ⷞἮ慵⣏䘬⼙枧ˤ㬌枭⃫䳈゛Ḯ妋ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮忳 ἄ㇨暨䘬屯㸸⤪⒉ⶍˣ屯慹ˣ屯妲ˣ姕⁁冯姕㕥炻忁ṃ屯㸸䘬⍾⼿䦳⹎炻ẍ⍲⬫

Ᾱ㗗⏎ὅ夷∫⼿⇘㚱㓰侴怑↯䘬忳䓐ˤ屯㸸䘬↮惵崘⎹㚫⼙枧⇘姽慷䘬䳸㝄炻侴 屯㸸䘬㈽ℍḇ㚫晐叿⣏䑘⠫嬲≽炻枰㏕惵傰䴉忚埴㩊夾ˤ

(⚃) 忶䦳ʇㆹᾹ娚⤪ỽ䭉䎮烎

晾䃞⤥䘬忶䦳ᶵᶨ⭂⮶⎹㚱㓰䘬䭉䎮炻Ữ⤥䘬䭉䎮㚱岜列⤥䘬➟埴忶䦳炻㬌

⃫䳈倂䃎㕤䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳䘬怑䔞⿏炻ẍ⍲㗗⏎ὅ䄏夷∫䘬㕡⎹忚埴ˣ➟埴䘬䦳⹎

⤪ỽˤ⎴㗪炻役⸦⸜䭉䎮侭塓㛇⼭傥嗽䎮冯⛐⛘䣦⋨䘬斄Ὢẍ⍲屔ᾉ⹎䘬⓷柴炻 㓭㪲䙲斄ὪṢ⮵忶䦳䘬⍫冯ˣ䚋㷔䲣䴙䘬➟埴ḇ㗗慵溆ˤ

(Ḽ) 䓊↢ʇㆹᾹ ḮṨ湤烎䓊䓇ḮṨ湤烎

䓊↢㫚姽慷䘬㗗䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳ᷕ炻➟埴埴≽ㆾ㕡㟰⼿⇘䘬䓊⑩冯㚵⊁炻ẍ⍲

ⶍἄ枭䚖塓⮎埴䘬㔠慷冯䦳⹎炻ᶵ冯䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁忋≽ (䌳䈏⮏炻2007)炻ḇᶵ㴱

⍲妰䔓怑↯⿏䘬⓷柴ˤ德忶䓊↢炻⎗ẍḮ妋妰䔓䘬➟埴䉨㱩炻忚ᶨ㬍⍵棳⇘夷∫

冯㈽ℍᷕ炻ἄ䁢⼨⼴↿冱ⶍἄ枭䚖ㆾ㒔⭂䚖㧁㗪䘬⍫侫ˤ

(ℕ) ㆸ㝄ʇㆹᾹ忼ㆸḮṨ湤烎

ㆸ㝄斄↯䘬㗗䴻䆇䭉䎮埴≽䘬⮎晃⼙枧炻㗗⏎䵕嬟Ḯ㟠⽫₡ῤˣ忼ㆸ姕⭂䘬 ᾅ做䚖㧁ˣㆾ忚ᶨ㬍䶑␴⦩傭䘬䦳⹎ˤ⌛ὧᾅ嬟⋨℞Ṿ朊⎹䘬㓰傥㗗檀䘬炻⣙⍣

㟠⽫₡ῤὧ㗗⣙㓿䘬炻㓭ㆸ㝄⎗婒㗗⽒䑘ᷕ㚨慵天䘬ᶨᾳ⃫䳈炻Ữ㗗⬫ḇ㗗㚨⚘

暋ˣ暨剙屣㚨⣂⽫≃⍣堉慷䘬ˤ

ὅ䄏㬌㝞㥳䘤⯽䘬姽慷㕡㱽炻⎗↮䁢䲣䴙⺋⹎ˣ⮰㟰⺋⹎⍲ᾳ⇍⟜⛨ᶱ栆✳

(Hockings et al., 2006)炻℞ᷕ℟ẋ堐⿏䘬姽慷㕡㱽↮⇍䁢 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH (Stoll-Kleemann, 2010)炻ᶱ䧖㕡㱽䘮ὅ WCPA 㝞㥳㍸ὃ䘬姽慷㸾⇯忚埴⓷枭㒔⭂炻

᷎ẍ⓷⌟ἄ䁢姽慷䘬慵⽫ˤ

䫔ᶱ䭨 ġ 䲣䴙⺋⹎姽慷─RAPPAM

(ᶨ) ➢㛔ℏ㵝冯䚖䘬

RAPPAM 䓙 WWF 䘤⯽炻㕤 1999 军 2002 ⸜攻忚埴䓘慶娎槿炻2003 ⸜↢䇰㑵 ἄ㊯⋿炻䚖⇵⶚⛐ 53 ᾳ⚳⭞ˣ崭忶 1,600 ᾳᾅ嬟⋨ᷕ➟埴 (Leverington et al., 2010)炻㗗姽慷ᾅ嬟⋨䵚䴉㚨ⷠ塓ἧ䓐䘬㕡㱽炻傥⣈⛐䳬ㆸ䲣䴙䘬ᾅ嬟⋨攻忚埴㭼 庫炻㍸ὃ㰢䫾侭冯䭉䎮㨇㥳ᶨᾳ䚠⮵⾓忇ᶼ⭡㖻䘬㕡㱽炻慸㶭ᾅ嬟⋨䲣䴙䘬䴻䆇 䭉䎮㓰傥ˣ嵐⊊⍲ᷣ天嬘柴 (Ervin, 2003b; Hockings et al., 2006)ˤ㤪㊔Ἦ婒炻 RAPPAM 㚱ᶱᾳᷣ天䚖䘬烉1. 姕⭂ᾅ做⃒⃰枮⸷冯⋼≑屯㸸↮惵烊2. ⭋⮶冯㓗

㊩烊3. ᷎傥⛐䲣䴙Ⰼ䳂ᶲẍ怑ㅱ⿏䭉䎮䘬㕡⺷㓡┬䴻䆇䭉䎮 (Ervin, 2003b烊 Leverington et al., 2008)ˤ⛐ᶲ徘㤪⾝ᶳ炻RAPPAM ⮎⇯℟⁁ẍᶳ≇傥烉 z 䡢娵䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬⃒⊊ˣ旸⇞⍲≋⊊ˤ

z ↮㜸⦩傭⍲⡻≃䘬䭬䔯ˣ♜慵䦳⹎ˣ㘖念⿏冯↮ⶫˤ z 䡢娵℟㚱檀⹎䓇ン⍲䣦㚫慵天⿏ˣ傮⻙⹎䘬⋨➇ˤ z ㊯↢ᾳ⇍ᾅ嬟⋨䘬⿍従⹎冯ᾅ做⃒⃰⿏ˤ

z 㚱≑㕤䘤⯽᷎䁢怑䔞䘬㓧䫾ṳℍ⍲⎗ὅ⽒㬍樇㌺⸷炻ẍ㓡┬ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䴻䆇䭉 䎮㓰傥ˤ

㑵ἄ㊯⋿ᷕ㍸⇘炻RAPPAM 䘬㛔岒晾䃞䁢䲣䴙姽慷㕡㱽炻䴻忶婧㔜⼴ḇ傥⣈

忳䓐㕤ᾳ㟰姽慷炻ᶵ忶⮵㕤⤪ỽ婧㔜⇯㛒≈ẍ婒㖶 (Ervin, 2003a烊昛䐑ヰ炻2011)ˤ

㍉㬌ℤ℟ᾳ㟰冯䲣䴙姽慷䘬䈡⿏炻冢䀋㕤 2006 ⸜㗪⺽忚 RAPPAM炻⛐⭄嗕䷋䃉⯦

㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨⇅㬍娎埴ˤ2008 军 2011 ⸜攻炻⇯㒜⣏姽慷ℐ冢㜿⊁⯨廬䭉ᾅ嬟⋨ (慶 䓇≽䈑ᾅ嬟⋨ˣ冒䃞ᾅ䔁⋨⍲冒䃞ᾅ嬟⋨) 䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥 (䌳䈏⮏炻2007烊䚏忻 㜘䫱炻2009烊䚏忻㜘䫱炻2010烊䚏忻㜘䫱炻2011)炻ℙ䳗䧵 43 ⹏ᾅ嬟⋨䘬姽慷屯㕁炻 ḇ慆慨↢ᶨṃ⮵姽慷㕡㱽䘬⚆棳冯⍵䚩ˤ

(Ḵ) ⓷⌟㝞㥳

RAPPAM ⓷⌟⎗↮䁢ᾅ嬟⋨➢㛔屯㕁ˣ⦩傭⡻≃↮㜸⍲䴻䆇䭉䎮姽慷ᶱ⣏悐

↮ˤ➢㛔屯㕁⊭⏓ᾅ嬟⋨⎵䧙ˣ朊䧵ˣ⸜⹎枸䬿⍲䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁䫱妲〗炻䁢攳㓦

⺷堐╖ (堐 2-2)烊䫔Ḵ悐↮⦩傭⡻≃↮㜸炻ⶴ㛃䝕妋䘬㗗⼙枧ᾅ嬟⋨䘬⢾悐⚈⫸ˤ

⡻≃㊯忶⍣Ḽ⸜ᾅ嬟⋨㇨怕忯䘬⓷柴炻⦩傭⇯䁢㛒ἮḼ⸜ᾅ嬟⋨⎗傥朊⮵䘬⌙

㨇ˤ㬌悐↮昌Ḯ攳㓦⺷⠓⮓⦩傭⡻≃䘬枭䚖ᷳ⢾炻ḇ暨⊦怠嵐⊊ˣ䭬⚵ˣ⦩傭䦳

⹎⍲㊩临⿏炻ẍ忁⚃䧖朊⎹Ἦ⏰䎦⦩傭⡻≃䘬⼙枧䉨㱩 (堐 2-3)烊䫔ᶱ悐↮䘬姽 慷⓷⌟炻䚠⮵㕤⇵ᶨ悐ấ炻天慸㶭䘬㗗ᾅ嬟⋨䘬ℏ悐⚈⫸炻ḇ⯙㗗䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬ね

⼊ˤ劍⮎晃ね⼊␴⓷柴㔀徘⬴ℐ䚠⎴姀䁢 4 (5 ↮)炻⣏悐ấ䚠⎴侭䁢 3 (3 ↮)炻⣏悐 ấᶵ⎴侭䁢 2 (1 ↮)炻⬴ℐᶵ⎴⇯䁢 1 (0 ↮)ˤ㬌悐↮䁢姽慷䘬慵⽫炻ẍ WCPA 㝞 㥳䘬ℕᾳ⃫䳈䁢㛔炻䘤⯽↢⋩ᶫ枭ᷣ柴ˣℙᶨ䘦Ḵ⋩㡅⓷枭炻℞ᷕ㛓ᶱ枭ᷣ柴ʇ ˬᾅ嬟⋨䲣䴙姕妰˭ˣˬᾅ嬟⋨㓧䫾˭⍲ˬᾅ嬟⋨㓧䫾䑘⠫˭Ⱄ䲣䴙姽慷䘬䭬䔯炻

⛐ᾳ㟰㑵ἄ㗪Ḱẍ㌺昌 (堐 2-4)ˤ

堐 2-2 RAPPAM ⓷⌟ʇ➢㛔屯㕁 a) ᾅ嬟⋨⎵䧙烉 b) 姕䩳㖍㛇烉 c) ᾅ嬟⋨䘬朊䧵烉 d) ⓷⌟⠓⮓Ṣ烉

e) 㛔⓷⌟⬴ㆸ㖍㛇烉 f) ⸜⹎枸䬿烉

g) 䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁烉 h) ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬慵天ⶍἄ枭䚖烉

堐 2-3 RAPPAM ⓷⌟ʇ⦩傭⡻≃婧㞍

⡻≃烉

○㗗 ○⏎ 䁢役Ḽ⸜ℏ㇨䘤䓇

忶⍣Ḽ⸜⡻≃嵐⊊ 㬌⡻≃⛐Ḽ⸜ᷳℏ⮵ᾅ嬟⋨忈ㆸ䘬 ⭛

○ ⿍急䘬ᶲ⋯ 䭬䭬⚵㕡朊 ⦩⦩傭䦳⹎ ⦩⦩傭⼙枧䘬㊩临⿏

○ 庽⽖䘬ᶲ⋯ ○ ⇘嗽悥㗗 (>50%) ○ ♜慵 ○ 㯠ᷭᶵ嬲 (>100 ⸜)

○ 䵕㊩䎦㚱䉨㱩 ○ ⣏䭬⚵㒜㔋 (15-50%) ○ 檀 ○ 攟㗪攻 (20-100 ⸜)

○ 䶑ㄊ䘬怆㷃 ○ 㔋Ự (5-15%) ○ 㘖忂 ○ ᷕ㛇 (5-20 ⸜)

○ ⿍急䘬怆㷃 ○ 㬊㕤㝸嗽 (<5%) ○ 庽⽖ ○ 䞕㛇 (<5 ⸜)

堐 2-4 RAPPAM ⓷⌟ʇ⎬⃫䳈㵝味ᷣ柴

WCPA ⃫䳈 䚠斄ᷣ柴

傰䴉 ⦩傭⁶烊䓇䈑慵天⿏烊䣦㚫䴻㾇慵天⿏烊㖻⍿㎵⿏

夷∫ 䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁烊⎰㱽䘬ᾅ嬟㍒㕥烊ỵ伖䘬姕妰冯夷∫

㈽ℍ ⒉ⶍ烊㹅忂冯屯妲烊➢䢶姕㕥烊屉⊁

忶䦳 䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓烊䴻䆇䭉䎮㰢䫾烊䚋㷔ˣ䞼䨞⍲姽慷

䓊↢ 䭉䎮䳸㝄

ㆸ㝄 䴻䆇䭉䎮㍒㕥䓊䓇䘬㕘⡻≃

堐 2-5 RAPPAM ⓷⌟ʇ䓇䈑慵天⿏枭䚖姽慷 (㒟⍾ᶨ柴ἄ䁢䭬ἳ) 傰䴉ʇ 1. 䓇䈑慵天⿏

⓷柴ℏ⭡

姽Ộね⼊

⺢嬘 㚫嬘 䳸㝄 1A. ᾅ嬟⋨⊭⏓庫⣂䦨㚱ˣ㖻⍿⦩傭ㆾ㾽冐䳽䧖䘬䈑䧖

䦨㚱䈑䧖䁢⚈冒䃞ㆾṢ栆㳣≽⚈䳈㇨⮶农䓂⮹↢䎦䘬䈑䧖烊㖻⍿⦩

傭䈑䧖䁢⛐⎗枸夳䘬⮯Ἦ⎗傥㾽冐㹭䳽侭烊㾽⌙䈑䧖㗗℞㔜ᾳㆾᷣ

天䘬↮Ự䭬⚵㚱叿㹭䳽䘬⌙㨇ˤ

(ᶱ) 㑵ἄ

RAPPAM 䈡⇍⻟婧⍫冯⺷⍾⼹ (昛䐑ヰ炻2011)炻娵䁢天ἧ姽慷⽡⸽ᶼ㚱㓰⛘

➟埴炻ㅱ怨普ᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮侭ˣ㰢䫾侭⍲⛐⛘䣦佌䫱㪲䙲斄ὪṢℙ⎴⎔攳⍫冯

⺷ⶍἄ⛲炻⺢嬘姽慷䘬㑵ἄ⎗ὅ⽒Ḽ枭㬍樇烉㰢⭂姽慷䭬䔯ˣ↮㜸⎬ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䎦 㚱屯妲ˣ➟埴⾓忇姽慷⓷⌟ˣ䳸㝄↮㜸ˣ⼴临埴≽冯⺢嬘ˤ侴 2006 ⸜㕤䃉⯦㷗䘬 ᾳ㟰䴻槿ᷕ炻䘤䎦姽慷暨⛐㪲䙲斄ὪṢ⮵䴻䆇䭉䎮䉨㱩␴㨇⇞㚱ℙ嬀⼴炻ㇵ⼿ẍ

⯽攳ˤ䁢Ὣ忚㪲䙲斄ὪṢシ夳㔜⎰炻⮯⍇䇰䘬㑵ἄ㳩䦳婧㔜䁢シ夳㹅忂ˣℙ嬀ↅ 倂ˣ㓰傥姽慷⍲⮎晃㓡┬⚃ᾳ昶㭝 (⚾ )ˤ䫔ᶨ昶㭝䘬シ夳㹅忂㛇ᷣ天ẍ㔯䌣⚆栏 冯姒婯忚埴側㘗屯㕁㓞普炻⮯䳸㝄⼁㔜䁢㚫嬘屯㕁炻䁢姽慷䘬⇵伖ἄ㤕烊䫔Ḵ昶 㭝⛐⇵昶㭝㸾⁁䘬➢䶂屯㕁ᶲ炻啱䓙ⶍἄ⛲慸㶭ᾅ嬟⋨朊冐䘬⦩傭⡻≃ˣ᷎㒔⭂

⼴临䘬ⶍἄ枭䚖烊䫔ᶱ昶㭝㗗ẍⶍἄ⛲ㆾ⹏婯⼊⺷忚埴䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷烊㚨⼴

6 ⦩傭晾䃞䁢䌐䩳堐╖炻Ữ⿏岒ᶲ䁢傰䴉姽慷䘬ᶨ悐ấˤ

⇯䁢⮎晃㓡┬㛇炻⮯姽慷䳸㝄⋗ℍ䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓ˤ䓙㕤㊯㴱ᾅ嬟⋨䭉䎮╖ỵ䘬㪲 屔炻䚖⇵ᶵ䲵ℍ䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷妰䔓䘬䭬䔯ℏ (䚏忻㜘䫱炻2013)ˤ

⚾ 2-2 RAPPAM 㕡㱽⬠ (ⶎ) 冯⛐⎘䀋䘬㑵ἄ㳩䦳 (⎛) ⮵䄏 (㛔䞼䨞丒墥炻

⍫冒䚏忻㜘䫱炻2013)

䫔⚃䭨 ġ ⮰㟰⺋⹎姽慷─METT

(ᶨ) ➢㛔ℏ㵝冯䚖䘬

METT 䘬䚖䘬⛐㕤⋼≑徥希冯䚋㷔ᾅ嬟⋨忼⇘䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁䘬忶䦳ˤ1998 ⸜ 4 㚰炻䁢Ḯ⚆ㅱ㊩临㴰便䘬㢖㜿䓇䈑⣂㧋⿏冯㯠临䘤⯽嬘柴炻World Bank 冯 WWF 䳬ㆸˬ㢖㜿ᾅ做㙐㯠临⇑䓐倗䚇 (the World Bank/ WWF Alliance for Forest

Conservation and Sustainable Use炻䯉䧙 WWF/ WB)˭炻昌Ḯℙ⎴姕䩳㔠⋫℔枫䘬㢖 㜿ᾅ嬟⋨⢾炻ḇ䁢㬌⮰㟰姕⭂Ḯᶨ枭䚖㧁烉ˬ2010 ⸜ẍ⇵炻䎦⬀⍿⇘檀⹎⦩傭䘬 7

⋫ 5 䘦叔℔枫㢖㜿ᾅ嬟⋨炻ㅱ娚德忶䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬㓡┬炻㛅⎹ᾅ做冯䘤⯽䘬枸㛇ㆸ 㝄怩忚⁷ˤ˭侴䁢Ḯ䝕妋⮰㟰ℏᾅ嬟⋨忼ㆸ㬌枭䚖㧁䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳炻WWF/ WB ℙ⎴䘤⯽Ḯ METT (Dudley & Stolton, 1999; Hockings et al., 2006; Stolton et al., 2007)ˤ䓙㕤⓷枭⮹ˣ➟埴㛇䦳䞕炻METT 䚖⇵⶚䓐㕤崭忶 1600 ᾳ⛘⋨ (Coad et al., 2013b)炻≈ᶲ WWF 䘬屯慹㋡㲐╖ỵ GEF 䓙 2004 ⸜崟天㯪㇨㚱墄≑妰䔓ℏ䘬ᾅ嬟

⋨⽭枰➟埴军⮹ᶱ㫉䘬⭂㛇姽慷 (Stolton et al., 2007)炻䈡⇍㗗 WWF 妰䔓ⷠ楸䘬朆 㳚冯ᷕ⋿伶㳚⛘⋨炻姽慷屯㕁㚜㗗㚱Ḯ䨩䟜⿏䘬䳗䧵ˤ㕤 2014 ⸜暒㡐ᾅ嬟⋨⣏㚫

℔ⶫ䘬㔠㒂ᷕ炻METT ⶚崭崲 RAPPAM ㆸ䁢ᶾ䓴ᶲ㚨ⷠ塓ἧ䓐䘬姽慷㕡㱽ˤ

METT 䘬⓷⌟ℏ⭡冯ㅱ䓐㕤 2003 ⸜䘤埴䫔ᶨ䇰䘬㑵ἄ㊯⋿⼴炻↮⇍㕤 2003 军 2004 ⸜ˣẍ⍲ 2005 军 2006 ⸜攻⮵墄≑妰䔓ℏ䘬ᾅ嬟⋨ℐ朊➟埴忶ᶨ㫉炻慆慨

↢䘬䳸㝄ˣ䴻槿冯婧㔜炻⛐ 2007 ⸜㗪⼁㔜↢䇰炻᷎㕤⎴⸜䘤Ự METT 䘬ᾖ㬋䇰㛔炻 墄⃭斉㖶㖊㚱⓷⌟䘬悐↮⓷柴炻ἧ姽↮䘬㔀徘㚜ᶨ农⢾炻ḇ⮯ㅱ䓐䚖㧁䓙ᶨ攳⥳

姕⭂䘬㢖㜿✳ᾅ嬟⋨㒜⻝⇘㇨㚱䘬映➇✳ᾅ嬟⋨ (Stolton et al., 2007)ˤ2003 ⸜ˣ 2005 ⸜䘬忶㷉䇰㛔⍲ 2007 ⸜㚨㕘䇰㛔ᶱ侭䘬ⶖ䔘⤪堐..㇨䣢ˤ侴㛔䞼䨞㍉䓐䘬⓷

⌟⼊⺷冯⼴临忚埴䘬妶婾炻䘮ẍ 2007 ⸜䘬䇰㛔䁢ᷣ炻℞䚖㧁⤪ᶳ烉

7 ⇅⥳姕䩳䘬䚖㧁䁢ˬ2005 ⸜ᷳ⇵炻㖊⬀Ữ檀⹎⍿⇘⦩傭䘬 5 ⋫叔℔枫㢖㜿ᾅ嬟⋨ㅱ娚⚈㚱㓰䘬 䴻䆇䭉䎮⼿⇘䡢ᾅˤ˭

z ㍸ὃ忚埴ᾅ嬟⋨姽慷㗪炻ᶨᾳᶨ农䘬⟙⏲䲣䴙烊 z ⎗塓慵墯➟埴烊

z 傥⣈㍸ὃᶨ农䘬屯妲炻ẍὧ冯㗪ᾙ忚⛘徥希䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳烊

z 䚠⮵⾓忇ᶼ⭡㖻炻⎗䓙ᾅ嬟⋨⒉ⶍ⬴ㆸ炻㭳枰ẘ岜⣏慷屯慹ㆾ℞Ṿ屯㸸烊 z 朆⮰⭞侭 (Non-specialists) ḇ⭡㖻䎮妋烊

z ⎗Ἕℍ䎦⬀䘬⟙⏲䲣䴙炻ẍ⃵忈ㆸ忶⍣䘬≒≃Ẁᷳᶨ䁔ˤ

堐 2-6 METT ᶱ䇰㛔ᷳ攻䘬ⶖ䔘冯㳩嬲

䘤Ự⸜ấ 2003 ⸜ 2005 ⸜ 2007 ⸜

⡻≃

攳㓦⺷⠓䫼炻⎗⠓⮓

ℑ枭⮵ᾅ嬟⋨Ἦ婒 㚨♜慵䘬⡻≃炻᷎枰

↿㖶䎮䓙

ἧ䓐 IUCN-CMP 䘬

⦩傭⡻≃堐炻䚜㍍⊦

怠ℑ枭⮵ᾅ嬟⋨Ἦ 婒㚨♜慵䘬⡻≃

ἧ䓐 IUCN-CMP 䘬

⦩傭⡻≃堐炻⊦怠⼙

枧ᾅ嬟⋨䘬⦩傭⡻

≃冯娚枭䚖䘬⼙枧 㗗檀ˣᷕㆾỶ⹎

ἄ䁢⾓忇ᶼ䯉㖻䘬ᾳ⇍ᾅ嬟⋨姽慷㕡㱽炻METT 䓊䓇䘬姽慷䳸㝄庫㶢栗炻ḇ 㛒㵝味䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬㇨㚱Ⰼ朊ˤ䓙㕤℞᷎ᶵ㗗䁢Ḯ㭼庫ᾅ嬟⋨侴姕妰䘬炻䓐㕤徥希 㓡┬╖ᶨ⛘⋨䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮炻庫傥⣈⼘栗㬌姽慷㱽䘬㓰䓐ˤ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻㬋⚈䁢 METT 䘬䚖㧁㗗⾓忇䯉㖻炻ḇシ␛℞ㅱ䓐⬀⛐㝸ṃ旸⇞ˤ冱ἳἮ婒炻⬫ᶵㅱ塓夾䁢ᶨ枭 䌐䩳䘬姽Ộ炻ㆾ侭㗗ἄ䁢怑ㅱ⿏䭉䎮䘬ⓗᶨ➢䢶炻ḇᶵ傥⣈⍾ẋ庫⽡⸽䘬姽慷㕡 㱽ˤ⃀䭉⤪㬌炻⛐⺢䩳䴻䆇䭉䎮➢䶂屯㕁ᶲ炻METT ṵ塓嫱⮎㗗ᶵ拗䘬ⶍ℟炻⎗

ẍ徥希䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬忶䦳ˣ㍸ὃ枰⃒⃰⻟婧䘬斄挝嬘柴炻⮵㕤䞕㛇ℏ䃉㱽忚埴䳘䶣 䚋㷔䘬ᾅ嬟⋨Ἦ婒炻⎗ἄ䁢䯉㖻䘬䚋㷔䲣䴙 (Ervin, 2003a; Evrin, 2003b; Hockings et al., 2006; Stolton et al., 2007)ˤ

(Ḵ) ⓷⌟㝞㥳

␴ RAPPAM ᶨ㧋炻METT 䘬⓷⌟㝞㥳Ṏ⎗↮䁢ᶱ悐↮ˤ䫔ᶨ悐↮䁢ᾅ嬟⋨䘬

➢㛔屯妲 (堐 2-7)炻⊭⏓⎵䧙ˣ⣏⮷ˣ姕䩳㖍㛇ˣ枸䬿ˣ⒉ⶍṢ㔠⍲䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖 㧁䫱炻䁢攳㓦⺷⓷⌟烊䫔Ḵ悐↮䁢⡻≃⦩傭慷堐 (堐 2-8)炻℞䚜㍍㍉䓐 IUCN-CMP ᾅ做⦩傭↮栆㝞㥳⁸ (IUCN - CMP Unified Classification of Direct Threats炻䯉䧙 IUCN-CMP)炻ℙ㚱 12 ⣏枭䘬⦩傭⡻≃炻ẍ⊦怠㕡⺷ἄ䫼炻䓐ˬ檀ˣᷕˣỶ⹎ˣㆾ 䃉˭姽䫱⎬⦩傭⡻≃枭䚖⮵ᾅ嬟⋨䘬⼙枧䦳⹎烊㚨⼴⇯䁢䴻䆇䭉䎮姽慷堐 (堐 2-9)炻ℙ㚱 30 ᾳ⓷枭炻䘮䓙 WCPA 㝞㥳䘤⯽侴Ἦ炻姽↮䓙Ỷ军檀䁢 0ˣ1ˣ2ˣ3炻 㭷枭↮㔠悥㚱⮵ㅱ䘬㸾⇯ˤ昌姽↮⢾炻ḇ旬㚱ˬ姽婾 (comment)˭冯ˬᶳᶨ㬍 (next step)˭ℑᾳ㪬ỵ炻ẍ姀抬墄⃭䘬岒⿏屯妲ˤ⓷⌟ᷕ⎎㚱 12 柴≈↮柴炻㍸ὃ斄挝嬘 柴柵⢾䘬屯妲冯↮㔠炻劍䫎⎰柴枭㔀徘炻⎗≈ 1 ↮炻⍵ᷳ⇯ᶵ≈ˤ䴻䆇䭉䎮姽慷 堐䘬䷥↮ṳ㕤 0 ⇘ 102 ↮ᷳ攻炻⛐⠓䫼忶䦳ᷕ炻劍㚱ᶵ䫎娚ᾅ嬟⋨䉨㱩䘬⓷枭炻

⎗Ḱẍ⇒昌ˤ䓙㕤↮㔠ᷣ天ẍ䘦↮㭼㕡⺷⏰䎦 (⼿↮/ 㺧↮)炻㭳枰㑼⽫⇒昌柴枭

⮵姽慷䳸㝄忈ㆸ⼙枧 (Stolton et al., 2007)ˤ

8 㚨㖑䘬䇰㛔䁢 2006 ⸜䘬䫔ᶨ䇰炻侴 METT ἧ䓐䘬䇰㛔⚈㑵ἄ㊯⋿ᶲ䘬忋䳸⣙㓰侴ἂ⣙炻䚖⇵䵚 嶗ᶲ⎗⼿䘬 IUCN-CMP 䁢 2011 ⸜䘬 3.1 䇰ˤ

http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/June_2012_Guidance_Threats_Classification_Scheme.pdf

堐 2-7 METT ⓷⌟ʇᾅ嬟⋨屯㕁堐 (㛔䞼䨞嬗冒 Stolton et al., 2007)

堐 2-8 METT ⓷⌟ʇ⡻≃姽慷堐 (㛔䞼䨞嬗冒 Stolton et al., 2007炻⏰䎦悐↮

堐╖)

1. Ṣ栆ỷ㇨⍲⓮㤕攳䘤烉⦩傭Ἦ冒Ṣ栆䓇㳣ㆾ朆℞Ṿ彚㤕䘬⛇⛘⇑䓐⮵娚⋨ⷞἮ 䘬䡢⮎⼙枧

檀⹎ ᷕ⹎ Ỷ⹎ N/A

1.1 ỷ⬭冯倂句 1.2 ⓮㤕冯ⶍ㤕⋨

1.3 㕭忲冯ẹ攺⧃㦪姕㕥

堐 2-9 METT ⓷⌟ʇ䴻䆇䭉䎮姽慷堐 (嬗冒 Stolton et al., 2007炻⏰䎦悐↮堐

╖)

嬘柴 㸾⇯ 姽↮烉㭷⓷枭

⊦怠ᶨ㟤

姽婾/

妋慳 ᶳᶨ㬍 1. 㱽⼳⛘ỵ

ᾅ 嬟 ⋨ 㚱 䃉

℟ 㱽 ⼳ ᶲ 䘬

⛘ỵ (ㆾ侭㗗 䓙 ⣹ 䲬 ㇨ 㵝 味 䘬 䥩 Ṣ ᾅ 嬟 ⋨ ㆾ ℞ Ṿ)烎

傰䴉

娚ᾅ嬟⋨㛒䴻℔⏲ 0

ᾅ嬟⋨℟㚱ㅱ℔⏲䘬⋼嬘炻Ữ

忶䦳⯂㛒攳⥳ 1

ᾅ嬟⋨㬋⛐℔⏲䘬忶䦳ᷕ炻Ữ 忶䦳⯂㛒⬴ㆸ (⊭⏓⯂㛒℟⚳

⭞⎰㱽⭂ỵㆾ⣹䲬⋼⭂䘬ね

⼊炻⤪⍿⚳晃℔䲬 Ramsar ㊯

⭂䘬⟜➇炻ㆾ⛐⛘/⁛䴙㱽⼳⤪

䣦⋨ᾅ嬟⋨)

2

娚ᾅ嬟⋨⶚䴻㬋⺷℔⏲ 3

堐 2-10 METT ⓷⌟ʇ䴻䆇䭉䎮姽慷堐䘬⓷枭 (㛔䞼䨞嬗冒 Stolton et al., 2007) 1. 㱽⼳⛘ỵ 7. 䴻䆇䭉䎮

妰䔓

13. ⒉ⶍ㔠

慷 19. 姕㕥䵕嬟 25. 䴻㾇婀

⚈

傰䴉 夷∫ ㈽ℍ 忶䦳 ㆸ㝄

2. ᾅ嬟⋨夷 䭬

8. ⷠン䘬 ⶍἄ妰䔓

14. ⒉ⶍ妻

䶜 20. 㔁做⍲㍐⺋ 26. 䚋㷔冯 姽慷 夷∫ 夷∫/ 䓊↢ ㈽ℍ/ 忶䦳 忶䦳 夷∫/ 忶䦳 3. 㱽⼳䘬

➟埴ね㱩 9. 屯㸸㶭╖ 15. 䎦㚱䴻 屣

21. ⛇⛘冯 㯜㸸⇑䓐夷∫

27. 姒⭊䘬 姕㕥

㈽ℍ ㈽ℍ ㈽ℍ 夷∫ 䓊↢

4. ᾅ嬟⋨䚖 㧁

10. ᾅ嬟䲣 䴙

16. 䴻屣ᾅ 晄

22. 埴㓧怲䓴 ㆾ⓮㤕ᶲ䘬惘⯭

28. ⓮㤕㕭 忲㤕侭

夷∫ 忶䦳/ ㆸ㝄 ㈽ℍ 忶䦳 忶䦳

5. ᾅ嬟⋨姕

妰 11. 䞼䨞 17. 䴻屣䭉

䎮 23. ⍇ỷ㮹 29. 屣䓐

夷∫ 忶䦳 忶䦳 忶䦳 ㈽ℍ/ 忶䦳

6. ᾅ嬟⋨

怲䓴冯∫䓴

12. 屯㸸䴻

䆇䭉䎮 18. 姕⁁ 24. ⛐⛘䣦⋨ 30. ₡ῤ䉨 㱩

忶䦳 忶䦳 ㈽ℍ 忶䦳 ㆸ㝄

(ᶱ) 㑵ἄ

ᶵ⎴㕤 RAPPAM ㍸ὃᶨ㤪䔍䘬➟埴㬍樇炻METT ᷎㛒䴎Ḱ⍫侫䘬㳩䦳炻⺢

嬘䎮゛ᶲㅱẍ妶婾⼊⺷⬴ㆸ㬌ấ⓷⌟ˤ⣂㔠㟰ἳᷕ炻⓷⌟䘬⠓⮓㗗䓙ᾅ嬟⋨⒉ⶍˣ 妰䔓⒉ⶍˣㆾ℞Ṿ⋼㚫䘬⒉ⶍἮ忚埴ˤ⎗傥䘬娙炻ㅱ䲵ℍ℞Ṿ㪲䙲斄ὪṢ⤪⢾䓴

⮰⭞ˣ⛐⛘䣦⋨ㆾ⮵娚ᾅ嬟⋨㚱冰嵋ˣḮ妋䘬Ṣˤ⠓⮓侭朊⎹崲⺋炻⮵姽慷䘬⬴

㔜⿏ḇ㚫㚱⸓≑ˤ㬌⢾炻劍傥⛐攳⥳姽慷⇵剙㗪攻⚆栏㖊㚱䘬䚋㷔䳸㝄᷎妶婾䴻 䆇䭉䎮⎬⃫䳈炻ḇ傥≑㕤⮵姽慷⓷柴䘬⇌㕟 (Stolton et al., 2007)ˤ

䚖⇵冢䀋⯂㛒➟埴忶 METT炻⚆栏䚠斄㟰ἳ炻⎗䞍 METT ⮎晃ᶲ䘬㑵ἄ㕡⺷

⬀⛐䚠䔞⣏䘬㬏䔘冯⻰⿏ˤ㪲Ἓ䫱Ṣ (2009) 㚦ẍ䘤㓦⓷⌟䘬⼊⺷炻忚埴⣏映 31 ᾳ䚩↮䘬ᾅ嬟⋨㓰傥姽慷烊侴 Ervin ⛐ 2007 ⸜↢䇰ὃ䴻䆇䭉䎮侭⍫侫䘬⾓忇㊯⋿

(Quick Guide) ᷕ⌣㍸⍲炻METT 䘬↮㔠㘖念㗗ẍ暣娙姒婯㕡⺷㓞普侴Ἦ炻冯㊯⋿

ᷕ䘬㕡⺷㖶栗ᶵ⎴ˤ䞼䨞侭▿娎娊⓷姽慷䘬姕妰侭 Stolton炻劍ẍ㔠ᾳ䃎溆⛀橼冯 姒婯⬴ㆸ METT炻⍾ẋℙ⎴妶婾䘬ⶍἄ⛲炻㗗⏎㚱㟰ἳ⎗⍫侫炻⤡⇯堐䣢㛒㚦倥 倆栆Ụ䘬➟埴㕡⺷⁹ˤẲ㚿㕤 Khojur ⚳⭞℔⚺ (Khojur National Park) 䘬䞼䨞ㆾ⎗

㍸ὃ庫䳘䶣䘬⍫侫䴻槿ˤ㳩䦳ᶲ炻䞼䨞⛀昲椾⃰⮯⓷⌟侣嬗䁢㲊㕗婆᷎娎埴炻⮵

䚜㍍㴱⍲⚳⭞℔⚺埴㓧ㆾ䴻䆇䭉䎮⮎⊁䘬⒉ⶍ忚埴姒婯ʇ℞ᷕ⊭⏓ℕ⎵⛐⛘⒉ ⶍˣᶨ⎵ᾅ嬟⋨冯㢚⛘会 (Bureau of Habitats & Protected Areas) ⒉ⶍ⍲ᶨ⎵䴙䯴䓇 ン⮶奥⒉䘬⒉ⶍ炻⛐䡢娵䴻䆇䭉䎮嬘柴ˣ⃒仢溆ˣ⦩傭⍲暨㯪⼴炻ℵ⬴ㆸ⓷⌟䘬

⠓⮓ˤ⎴㗪炻䁢Ḯ⻴墄䳸㥳⺷⓷⌟䘬ᶵ嵛炻ḇℤ䓐攳㓦⺷姒婯 (open interviews) 冯

⮎⛘⍫姒 (site visit)ˤ攳㓦⺷姒婯䘬⮵尉⊭⏓ℕỵ⒉ⶍ冯Ḽ⎵䓇ン⮶奥⒉炻⮎⛘⍫

姒⇯⛐⚳⭞℔⚺ℏ䚜㍍奨⮇炻ⶴ㛃⍾⼿ᶨㇳ屯㕁ẍ䘤䎦⎗傥䘬嬘柴炻᷎槿嫱䓙姒 婯冯➟埴⓷⌟㗪䎮↢䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮⓷柴 (Kolahi et al., 2013)ˤ

9 Instead of the workshop, we completed the evaluation by several focused groups and interviews. In such cases, how should we calculate the results? Could we just average the data? Or is there any case that we could refer to?...“I suspect this may be the first time the METT has been implemented in this way (I certainly to do not know of any others)”

䫔Ḽ䭨 ġ 䈡⭂⟜⛨䘬姽慷─EoH

(ᶨ) ➢㛔ℏ㵝

䁢Ὣ忚冒䃞ᶾ䓴多䓊⛘ (Natural World Heritage sites) 䘬䚋㷔冯姽慷炻倗⎰⚳

➢慹㚫 (United Nations Foundation) 岲≑屯慹ˣ冯 IUCNˣ倗⎰⚳㔁䥹㔯䳬䷼

(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization炻䯉䧙 UNESCO) ℙ

⎴䘤⯽Ḯᶨ枭䁢 EoH ⇵幓䘬⚃⸜㛇妰䔓ˤ℞冒 2001 ⸜攳⥳忚埴炻䓙㽛㳚㖮⢓嗕⣏

⬠䳬䷼䭉䎮炻冯Ἦ冒朆ˣṆˣ㉱ᶩ伶㳚䫱ḅ嗽ᶾ䓴多䓊⛘䘬⒉ⶍ⎰ἄ炻⮯姽慷ⶍ

℟⮎晃忳䓐㕤䓇ン䑘⠫ˣ䭬⚵⣏⮷ˣ屯慹Ṣ≃ẍ⍲䞍嬀側㘗徍䔘䘬ḅᾳᷣ柴炻㷔 娎᷎ᾖ㬋⼁㔜炻2008 ⸜䓙 UNESCO ⼁㔜↢䇰 (Worboys et al., 2005; Hockings et al., 2006; Hockings et al., 2008)ˤ

EoH 䘬䚖㧁⛐㕤㍸ὃᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮侭冯㪲䙲斄ὪṢᶨ⣿➢䢶ⶍ℟炻ẍ䘤⯽

冯⮎埴ᾳ⇍ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷炻℞傥⣈烉 z 倂䃎娚⋨㚨慵天䘬₡ῤ冯䚖㧁烊

z ⻟婧⮵ᶲ徘₡ῤ冯䚖㧁䘬斄挝⦩傭烊 z ℟⻰⿏ˣ傥䲵ℍ䎦㚱䚋㷔姽慷䲣䴙烊

z ⮵ WCPA 㝞㥳ᷕ㇨㚱䴻䆇䭉䎮⃫䳈忚埴㶙⹎䘬⍫冯⺷姽慷炻℞ᷕ䈡⇍慵夾⮵

ˬㆸ㝄˭䘬慷㷔ˤ

昌Ḯ⻟婧⮵ˬㆸ㝄˭䘬姽慷⢾炻㚱⇍㕤℞Ṿ姽慷㕡㱽炻EoH ḇ傥⋼≑䚋㷔妰 䔓忶䦳冯⃒⃰枭䚖䘬䘤⯽炻ᶵ忶⛐㗪攻冯慹拊ㆸ㛔ᶲ⯙䚠⮵庫檀炻ᶼ暨天ᶨṃ庼

≑冯妻䶜ㇵ傥⣈⮎埴ˤ℞⓷⌟ℙ㵝味Ḯ 12 枭ⶍ℟炻↮⇍ῇ揺冒ᶵ⎴䘬姽慷㕡㱽䳬

⎰侴ㆸ¹⁰炻晾䃞⇅⥳㗗䁢ᶾ䓴多䓊⛘姕妰炻Ữḇ傥婧㔜䫎⎰㇨㚱栆✳䘬ᾅ嬟⋨

(Hockings et al., 2006; Hockings et al., 2008)炻⎗⬴㔜ἧ䓐ˣ⻴墄䎦㚱姽慷䲣䴙ˣㆾ

10 冱ἳἮ婒炻慸㶭䚖㧁䘬ⶍ℟ᶨ㗗㟡㒂 TNC ⛐伶⚳冯ᷕˣ⋿伶㳚䘬ἧ䓐䴻槿烊⦩傭姽慷㗗⍾冒 TNC 冯䓇䈑⣂㧋⿏ℙ⎴妰䔓 (Biodiversity Support Program) 䘬➟埴䳸㝄烊姽慷ㆸ㝄䘬ⶍ℟⋩ᶨ⇯

㗗ῇ掉冒≈㊧⣏℔⚺䭉䎮⯨ˣTNC ⍲⋿朆 Kruger ⚳⭞℔⚺ἧ䓐䘬䲣䴙 (Stolton et al. 2006)ˤ

ἄ䁢䘤⯽㕘ⶍ℟䘬➢䢶炻⤪ỽἧ䓐䘮夾娚⛘暨㯪冯䉨㱩侴⭂ˤ

(Ḵ) ⓷⌟㝞㥳¹¹

EoH 䘬 12 枭ⶍ℟ὅ WCPA 㝞㥳䘬怷廗䘤⯽炻⮵ㅱ䘬⃫䳈冯⓷⌟ℏ㵝⤪⚾ 冯 堐 ㇨䣢ˤ䓙㕤ᷣ天䚖䘬㗗㶙Ⰼᶼ娛䳘⛘㍷丒ᶨ⛘⋨䘬ね⼊炻ᶵ㗗忚埴⋨➇攻䘬㭼 庫炻㓭ᶵẍ↮㔠⼊⺷⏰䎦䳸㝄炻⣏悐↮䘬堐╖Ὢẍ㔯⫿姀抬炻ⶍ℟Ḽ冯ℓẍ姽

↮㕡⺷忚埴ˤ㭷ấ堐╖䘮㚱⎬冒䌐䩳䘬䳸婾炻㔜橼䘬⚆栏⋗普㕤ⶍ℟⋩ḴˤEoH 䓙⎬䧖姽慷㕡㱽䳬⎰侴ㆸ炻℟⁁ⶍ℟䳬 (toolkit) 䘬䈡⿏炻⛐堐╖忳䓐ᶲ᷎ᶵ㗗ℐ 䃞ᶵ⎗↮√䘬炻⎗⻰⿏⛘䳬⎰ (Stoll-Kleemann, 2010)炻墄⻟㖊㚱䘬姽慷㕡㱽炻ḇ 傥ὅ㒂⛐⛘ね⼊⇒㷃㪬ỵˤ堐╖䘬ἧ䓐柣䌯⎗夾䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬昶㭝侴⭂炻冱ἳἮ婒炻

㈽ℍ冯䓊↢⚈䁢␴⸜⹎⟙⏲ˣⶍἄ妰䔓⍲枸䬿䚠斄炻⎗㭷⸜姽慷烊傰䴉冯ㆸ㝄⎗

傥䈥㴱⇘䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓䘬⚆栏炻䲬ᶱ⇘Ḽ⸜忚埴ᶨ㫉 (堐 2-11) (Hockings et al., 2008)ˤ

11 ⬴㔜⓷⌟娛夳旬抬ˤ

⚾ 2-3 EoH ⶍ℟冯 WCPA 㝞㥳攻䘬斄倗 (∱䛇㰅丒墥冒 Hockings et al., 2008)

堐 2-11 EoH ⓷⌟䳬ㆸ (昛䐑ヰ⼁㔜冒 Hockings et al., 2008)

⃫

䳈 ⶍ℟ 婒㖶 ⺢嬘

柣䌯

傰 䴉

ⶍ℟ᶨ烉

ᷣ天₡ῤ冯䚖㧁

ℑấ堐╖炻⠓⮓₡ῤ冯䚖㧁炻᷎姀抬ℑ侭ᷳ

攻䘬斄Ὢ

㭷ᶱ

⇘Ḽ

⸜ ⶍ℟Ḵ烉

⭂佑⦩傭 ᶨấ堐╖炻䡢娵⦩傭䉨㱩炻㰢⭂⚈ㅱ㍒㕥

ⶍ℟ᶱ烉

冯㪲䙲斄ὪṢ䘬斄Ὢ

ᶨấ堐╖炻㔜⎰ᾅ嬟⋨冯⎬㪲䙲斄ὪṢᷳ攻 䘬Ḻ≽斄Ὢ冯䈥㴱⇘䘬嬘柴

ⶍ℟⚃烉

⚆栏⚳⭞傰䴉

ᶨấ堐╖炻㔜䎮ᾅ嬟⋨㓧䫾炻᷎姀抬㓧䫾䘬

⃒⊊冯仢溆

夷

∫

ⶍ℟Ḽ烉 䴻䆇䭉䎮夷∫

ᶨấ堐╖冯ᶨấ姽Ộ⓷⌟炻姀抬冯䴻䆇䭉䎮 䚠斄䘬妰䔓㚠炻啱䓙⓷⌟姽Ộᷣ天䘬䴻䆇䭉 䎮妰䔓㚠

ⶍ℟ℕ烉 ᾅ嬟⋨姕妰

ᶨấ堐╖炻姽Ộᾅ嬟⋨姕妰冯䓇ン㔜橼⿏ˣ 䣦⋨䤷䣱⍲䴻䆇䭉䎮⚈䳈ᷳ攻䘬⃒仢溆

㈽ ℍ

ⶍ℟ᶫ烉

䴻䆇䭉䎮暨㯪冯㈽ℍ

ℑấ堐╖炻姀抬⒉ⶍ㔠慷ˣ妻䶜䉨ン冯姽Ộ

㇨暨䘬妻䶜䁢ỽ炻⠓⮓枸䬿Ἦ㸸冯㓗↢䉨㱩

㭷⸜

忶 䦳

ⶍ℟ℓ烉 䴻䆇䭉䎮忶䦳

ᶨấ⓷⌟冯ᶨấ堐╖炻⽆䴻䆇䭉䎮䳸㥳冯䲣 䴙ˣ屯㸸䭉䎮ˣ䴻䆇䭉䎮冯㕭忲ˣ䴻䆇䭉䎮 冯䣦⋨䫱⚃ᾳ朊⎹Ἦ姽Ộ炻㚨⼴䷥㔜军堐╖

ᷕ㩊夾姽Ộ䉨㱩

䓊

↢

ⶍ℟ḅ烉

䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓䘬➟埴

ᶨấ堐╖炻⮯䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓㚠↮ㆸ⸦ᾳ悐 ấ炻ℵ姽Ộ⎬悐ấ➟埴䉨㱩炻⎗姀抬㬟⸜Ἦ

➟埴䉨㱩 ⶍ℟⋩烉

䓊↢㊯㧁

ᶨấ堐╖炻⃰⭂佑䓊↢姽Ộ㊯㧁炻ἳ⤪ἧ䓐 侭㔠䚖ˣⶍἄ䓊↢䘬慷䫱炻ℵ㟡㒂䎦㱩冯枸 㛇 姽Ộˣ㩊妶

ㆸ 㝄

ⶍ℟⋩ᶨ烉 䴻䆇䭉䎮ㆸ㝄

ℑấ堐╖炻⭂佑䚖㧁忼ㆸ㊯㧁炻ℵ䓙䚋㷔㊯

㧁⼿䞍ㆸ㝄炻᷎䘤⯽⼴临ⶍἄ 㭷ᶱ

⇘Ḽ

⸜

䷥ 姽

ⶍ℟⋩Ḵ烉

⚆栏㓰傥姽慷䳸㝄

ᶨấ堐╖炻䵄㔜⇵⋩ᶨ枭ⶍ℟姽Ộ䳸㝄炻㟡 㒂忁ṃ䳸㝄䘤⯽㔜橼⿏䫾䔍冯ⶍἄˤ (ᶱ) 㑵ἄ

EoH 䘬➟埴斄挝㬍樇⊭㊔烉

1. ⼁㔜䎦⬀䚠斄屯㕁ˤ䎦⬀屯㕁⎗傥Ἦ冒䚋㷔⟙⏲ˣ䞼䨞妰䔓ˣ䴻䆇䭉䎮妰䔓

⍲㪲䙲斄ὪṢ䘬姒婯䫱炻ḇ⎗⇅㬍㔜䎮⼴ẍⶍἄ⛲䘬⼊⺷冯㪲䙲斄ὪṢ忚埴 䡢娵ˤ⛐姽慷堐╖ᷕ㚱㍸ὃ姣姀屯㕁Ἦ㸸䘬㪬ỵˤ

2. ⃰嗽䎮⎗ẍ庫⾓㌟ὧ⭄䘬㕡⺷⠓墄䘬姽慷屯㕁仢⎋ˤ⤪↮㜸⦩傭⡻≃炻劍仢

᷷嬘⭂䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮㧁㸾⇯⎗⃰忚埴慸㶭ˤ

3. 慸㶭暨天㈽ℍ庫⣏≒≃慷冯ㆸ㛔䘬䚋㷔屯㕁仢⎋ˤ

4. ⇑䓐㬍樇ᶨˣḴ㇨⼿䘬屯㕁炻䴻䓙攳㚫冯媖娊⼴炻⼁䶐᷎↮㜸堐╖ˤ劍⛐姽 慷⇵㛇冱彎ⶍἄ⛲炻⎗⃰㤪䔍⬴ㆸ⇅㬍堐╖烊⛐⼴㛇冱彎䘬娙⇯⎗妶婾᷎忚 埴堐╖ᾖ㓡ˤ

5. ⚆ㅱ姽慷䳸㝄炻㓡┬䴻䆇䭉䎮埴≽ˤ

䃉⎗性⃵⛘炻⤪㝄ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䚋㷔屯㕁䃉㱽㵝味堐╖ᷕ䘬㇨㚱嬘柴炻姽慷⮯䃉 㱽⬴ㆸ炻ᶵ忶ṵ⎗㍸ὃ㚱䓐䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮屯妲ˤ晐叿䚋㷔䲣䴙䘬㓡┬炻⼴临䘬姽慷

ὧ傥⛐㚜⤥䘬➢䢶屯妲庼Ỹᶳ⬴ㆸ (Hockings et al., 2008)ˤ

⚾ 2-4 EoH 姽慷忶䦳䯉⚾ (㛔䞼䨞丒墥炻ᾖ㓡冒 Hockings et al., 2008)

㬌⢾炻䓙⚳⢾䘬ᾳ㟰䴻槿ᷕ䘤䎦炻堐╖ᶵᶨ⭂枰䄏枮⸷忚埴ˤ✎⯂⯤Ṇ䘬】

ㆰ伭】ㆰ伭ᾅ嬟⋨ (Ngorongoro Conservation Area) 㕤 2010 军 2011 ⸜➟埴椾㫉䘬 EoH 姽慷㗪炻⇵⼴ℙ剙屣 20 ⣑炻ẍḼᾳⶍἄ⛲⬴ㆸ⓷⌟⠓⮓ˤ⛐⓷⌟㪬ỵ冯ℏ⭡

ḇ忚埴Ḯ⇒㷃冯婧㔜炻ょ℞᷎㛒婒㖶⍇⚈ˤ䃞㬌栗䣢⛐⮎⊁㑵ἄᶲ炻⌛ὧ㚱悐↮

妲〗仢⣙炻ṵ傥啱䓙堐╖䘬婧㔜Ἦ⬴ㆸ EoH 䘬姽慷ˤ

䫔ℕ䭨 ġ 姽慷㕡㱽㭼庫

⃀䭉ᶲ徘㕡㱽㚱ᶵ⎴䘬䚖㧁冯怑䓐ね⼊炻Ữ⎴㧋䘤㸸㕤 WCPA 㝞㥳炻➟埴䘬 䳸㝄㗗⏎㚫㚱䚠ầ䘬嵐⊊烎Stoll-Kleemann (2010) ⼁㔜ᶵ⎴ᾳ㟰炻䓙㕡㱽㛔幓冯➟

埴䴻槿↢䘤炻忚埴 RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH ᶱ䧖㕡㱽䘬㭼庫炻䘤䎦⛐ Dudley (2007) 冯 Leverington (2008) ℑᾳ⣏✳䘬姽慷妰䔓攻炻ᶵ⎴姽慷㕡㱽⼿⇘悐↮䞃䚦䘬䳸 㝄ˤ⍇⚈昌Ḯᾅ嬟⋨㛔幓䘬⚈䳈⤪姕䩳⸜ẋˣ⛘⋨⍲ IUCN 栆⇍⢾炻姽慷㕡㱽䘬

攳⥳姽慷

屯㕁吸普 慸㶭屯㕁仢⎋

⎗䯉㖻墄⃭侭

暨天庫⣂㈽ℍㇵ傥⠓墄䘬仢⎋

䘤⯽⠓墄仢⎋䘬䚋㷔 ἧ䓐屯㕁忚埴姽慷

⬴ㆸ姽慷冯↮㜸䳸㝄

⮯姽慷䳸㝄⚆ㅱ军䴻䆇䭉䎮埴≽ᷕ

姕妰䚖䘬冯⮵尉ˣ㊯㧁怠㑯ˣ姽慷忶䦳ˣ姽↮䲣䴙ˣẍ⍲⦩傭⡻≃䘬姽慷㕡⺷䫱 朊⎹炻ḇ㚫忈ㆸ姽慷䳸㝄䘬ⶖ䔘ˤ

⚆栏℞Ṿ䞼䨞⛐㭼庫姽慷㕡㱽㗪叿慵䘬朊⎹ (堐 2-12)炻㪲Ἓ (2010) 㩊夾⏓

RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH ⛐ℏ䫱ℓ䧖姽慷㕡㱽炻啱䓙堐↿ㅱ䓐䭬⚵ˣ⮵尉ˣ䚖䘬ˣ 姽慷㕡⺷ˣ⃒仢溆⍲㊯㧁㥳ㆸ炻䷥䳸Ḯ⎗傥䘬怑䓐㡅ẞ炻㍸↢⣏映㛒Ἦㅱ䓐䘬㕡

⎹冯⺢嬘烊䁢㍸ὃᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮Ṣ⒉怠㑯姽慷ⶍ℟䘬⍫侫炻Ervin (2012) ẍ RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH ᶱ䧖㕡㱽䁢ἳ炻㒔⭂Ḯ⾓忇㊯⋿炻㍸ὃ䚖䘬ˣ忶䦳䘬⒉ ⶍ⍫冯䦳⹎ˣ姽↮䲣䴙䘬⎗ᾉ⹎ (reliability)ˣ㗪攻慹拊ㆸ㛔⍲⃒仢溆䘬㭼庫烊昛 䐑ヰ (2011) ⇯㭼庫Ḯ RAPPAM 冯 EoH ℑ㕡㱽䘬䚖䘬ˣ⃒仢溆ˣ叿慵⃫䳈ˣ⍫冯 Ṣ⒉⍲䳸㝄⏰䎦ˤ

䷥䘬Ἦ婒炻䚖⇵㭼庫姽慷㕡㱽炻⣂ẍ㕡㱽㛔岒ᶲ䘬ⶖ䔘忚埴妶婾炻⌛ὧ≈ℍ

➟埴䴻槿炻ḇ⣂⋲㗗Ἦ冒ᶵ⎴ᾳ㟰ˤ䁢㌺昌ᾅ嬟⋨㛔幓㡅ẞᶵ⎴ⷞἮ䘬⼙枧炻㛔 䞼䨞㫚⮯ RAPPAMˣMETT ⍲ EoH 忳䓐㕤⎴ᶨᾳ㟰ᶲ炻ᶨ㕡朊㩊夾姽慷䳸㝄䘬ⶖ 䔘炻⎴㗪ḇ㛃㍊妶㕡㱽ᶲ䘬䔘⎴㚱䃉⍵㗈⇘⮎晃䘬➟埴䴻槿ᷕˤ

堐 2-12 姽慷㕡㱽㭼庫朊⎹⼁㔜

⠓⮓

⮵尉 䚖䘬 叿慵

⃫䳈

㊯㧁 㥳ㆸ

姽慷 忶䦳

姽↮

䲣䴙

⦩傭

⡻≃

⃒仢 溆

怑䓐

㡅ẞ ㆸ㛔 䳸㝄

⏰䎦 Stoll-Kleemann

(2010) ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗

㪲Ἓ (2010) ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗

Quick guide

(Ervin, 2012) ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗

昛䐑ヰ (2011) ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗ ˗

䫔ᶱ䪈 ġ䞼䨞㛸㕁冯㕡㱽

䫔ᶨ䭨 ġ 䞼䨞⮵尉冯䭬⚵ʇ䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨

䚠庫斄㲐䴻䆇䭉䎮㈽ℍㆾ侭忶䦳䘬姽慷Ἦ婒炻憅⮵ㆸ㝄䘬姽慷傥⣈㍸ὃ㚜

⣂䚜㍍慷㷔䴻䆇䭉䎮堐䎦䘬屯妲炻ḇ㬋⚈⤪㬌炻㬌䧖姽慷⽭枰⺢䩳⛐㶭㤂䘬䚖㧁 ㆾ枸㛇ㆸ㝄ᶲˤ㎃妨ᷳ炻⮵ˬ゛天忼⇘⾶㧋䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮˭⍲ˬ゛天ᾅ⬀䘬䈡⭂₡

ῤ˭㚱㖶䡢䘬⭂佑炻㗗ᾅ嬟⋨忚埴ㆸ㝄姽慷䘬⽭天㡅ẞ (Hockings, 1998; Hockings et al., 2006)ˤ

EoH ⎴Ⱄ㬌栆姽慷㕡㱽炻℞➟埴枰㚱㖶䡢䘬ᾅ做䚖㧁冯䚠⮵ㅱ䘬䚋㷔屯㕁ˤ ỵ嗽⭄嗕䷋喯㽛捖䘬䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨ (ẍᶳ䯉䧙䃉⯦㷗ᾅ嬟⋨)(⚾) 㚦↮⇍㕤 2006 冯 2010 ⸜ẍ RAPPAM 忚埴忶䴻䆇䭉䎮㓰傥姽慷炻㗗⎘䀋ⓗᶨ㚱ℵ姽慷䴻槿 䘬⛘溆ˤ䁢ἧ姽慷䳸㝄傥⚆ㅱ军⮎晃䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮ἄ䁢炻2010 ⸜崟忚埴ᾅ做妰䔓ᾖ 妪炻䴻⸛⎘㚫嬘⼿↢㪲䙲斄ὪṢℙ⎴娵⭂䘬ᾅ做䚖㧁ˣ冯ᾅ做䚖㧁䚠忋䳸䓊↢䘬 ⶍἄ枭䚖⍲䚋㷔䞼䨞ⶍἄ䘬柣䌯炻➢䢶屯㕁ḇ㚱ᶨ⭂⍂⹎炻傥≑㕤慸㶭㊯㧁炻≈

ẍ㪲䙲斄ὪṢ㕤㬌⋨⍫冯䘬傥≽慷⣏炻⭂㛇冱彎⸛⎘㚫嬘炻傥妶婾䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬䚠 斄嬘柴ˤ㔜橼Ἦ䚳炻℟⁁娎槿㭼庫⎬䧖姽慷㕡㱽䘬傥慷炻㓭ẍ䃉⯦㷗ᾅ嬟⋨ἄ䁢 䞼䨞⛘溆炻➟埴 METT 冯 EoH炻᷎冯 RAPPAM 忶⍣䘬➟埴䳸㝄冯䴻槿忚埴㭼庫ˤ

䃉⯦㷗ᾅ嬟⋨䁢 1993 ⸜⭄嗕䷋㓧⹄ὅˬ慶䓇≽䈑ᾅ做㱽˭℔⏲∫姕炻℔⏲朊 䧵䁢 101.6194 ℔枫炻㜙惘⣒⸛㲳炻大惘ⱛ㖶⚳⮷炻⋿军ᶫ㗇ⵢ炻⊿怲⇯ẍ㕘❶㹒

↢㴟⎋⋿Ⱡ䁢䓴炻㭷⸜⋩㚰军佴⸜ᶱ㚰䘮㚱῁沍忶⠫冯倂普⹎⅔炻ᷣ天ᾅ做䚖㧁 䁢῁沍冯㹤⛘䓇ン䲣 (䌳䈏⮏炻2007烊⭄嗕䷋㓧⹄炻2014)ˤˬ䃉⯦㷗˭ᶨ䧙炻⼿⎵

㕤㖑㛇㓧⹄䁢⚈ㅱ㳒㯦⓷柴⮯㱛㳩㓡忻炻ἧ⍇㱛⎋㕟⯦ˣ㶌䧵䁢⋲⮩攱㽽⛘ˤ䚖

⇵䴻㷗⎋⣏㌺㯜㹅冯㬎勾⛹㹒忋㍍炻Ⱄ㕤デ㼖✳䘬㱤㽌㽽⛘ˤ⋨ℏ㢵塓✳ン⎗㤪

↮䁢敲叱㜿ˣ暄㛐㜿ˣṢⶍ旚桐㜿ˣḦ䓇勱⛘ˣ勱㽌㹤䓇⛘ˣ彚侽⛘⍲㴟㾙⛘ᶫ 栆烊沍栆屯㸸悐↮炻⮷㯜泐冯剙◜泐䫱晩泐䥹沍栆䁢ᷣ天䘬⃒⊊䧖炻涠䥹㫉ᷳ炻 䫔ᶱ䁢涽浧䥹 (⭄嗕䷋㓧⹄炻2014)ˤ

⚾ 3-1 ⭄嗕䷋䃉⯦㷗㯜沍ᾅ嬟⋨ỵ伖㙐䭬⚵⚾ (伭㘸厙丒墥)

ᾅ嬟⋨␐怲䘬倂句䓙⊿⇘⋿ὅ㫉㚱⣏⛹伇ˣ⬀ṩˣ㷗⎋ˣ㷗怲ẍ⍲ⱛ㖶㕘㛹炻

℞ᷕ⇵⚃侭℟ˬ䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫˭炻᷎㚱ᶨ嶐䣦⋨䘬⛐⛘ᾅ做䣦佌ˬ䃉⯦㷗㔯㔁Ὣ忚 㚫 (ẍᶳ䯉䧙Ὣ忚㚫)˭ˤ䚖⇵⚃䣦⋨冯ᾅ嬟⋨䘬Ḻ≽ᶨ㕡朊德忶䷋⹄䘬ᾅ做妰䔓ㆾ 䚠斄䣦⋨妰䔓⼙枧ᾅ嬟⋨䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮炻ㆾ㗗䴻䓙䣦⋨⸛⎘㚫嬘ᶲシ夳䘬㍸↢䓊䓇 攻㍍忋䳸炻侴⎬䳬䷼䘬忳ἄ⍰ẍὫ忚㚫冯㷗怲䣦⋨䘤⯽⋼㚫䘬傥≽慷庫檀 (⭄嗕䷋

㓧⹄炻2014)炻㴱ℍᾅ嬟⋨䴻䆇䭉䎮⮎⊁忳ἄ䘬䦳⹎ḇ庫檀ˤ

䫔Ḵ䭨 ġ 䞼䨞㕡㱽

(ᶨ) 㔯䌣⚆栏㱽 (Reference review)

㛔䞼䨞⛐⚆栏㔯䌣㗪炻昌Ḯᶱ姽慷㕡㱽䘬㑵ἄ㊯⋿⢾炻METT 冯 EoH ⚈䁢㗗 䫔ᶨ㫉⛐冢䀋⮎晃➟埴炻ḇ㓞普⚳⢾䘬ㅱ䓐ᾳ㟰炻Ḯ妋⤪ỽ忚埴姽慷冯嗽䎮⼴临 屯㕁ˤRAPPAM ⇯⚆栏⚳ℏ➟埴䴻槿冯忶⍣姒婯姀抬炻⊭⏓徸シ䧧ˣ⼙䇯㨼⍲抬 枛㨼炻䈡⇍㗗憅⮵ 2010 ⸜䃉⯦㷗䘬姽慷䳸㝄冯䚠斄㩊妶ˤ

㬌⢾炻䓙㕤嶅ᶲ㫉姽慷⶚㚱⚃⸜㗪攻炻㛔䞼䨞ḇ㓞普䃉⯦㷗䘬䞼䨞㔯䌣ˣ䚠 斄䚋㷔屯㕁ˣ䓙⛐⛘䣦⋨㑘⮓䘬坢妲⍲ᷣ䭉╖ỵ⛐㬌㛇攻⮵ᾅ嬟⋨㈽ℍ䘬Ṣ≃ˣ 䴻屣⍲㭷⸜䘬ⶍἄ枭䚖炻⼁㔜⼴ 䁢姽慷䘬➢䶂屯㕁ˤ

(Ḵ) 䃎溆⛀橼㱽 (Focus group)

䃎溆⛀橼㱽㗗ẍˬ⛀橼˭ね⠫忚埴姒婯䘬岒⿏䞼䨞㕡㱽炻㚨⣏䘬⃒溆⛐㕤㍸

ὃ䞼䨞侭䞕㗪攻ℏ奨⮇⣏慷⮵娙冯Ḻ≽䘬㨇㚫ˤ德忶⍫冯ㆸ⒉攻䘬妶婾炻昌Ḯ⍾

⼿䞼䨞嬘柴䘬屯妲炻ḇ⎗傥妠䘤⌛冰⍵ㅱ炻⽆侴䘤⯽↢℞Ṿ奨溆 (傉⸤ㄏ炻2008)ˤ

⎴㗪⛐䃎溆⛀橼ᷕ炻䞼䨞侭㚱傥≃ᷣ⮶妶婾䘬㕡⎹炻䔞ῷ暊䞼䨞嬘柴㗪傥怑㗪㉱

⚆炻䁢㌴㎉妶婾䘬䭨⣷炻ẍ㬌㱽䁢忚埴姽慷䘬椾天㕡⺷炻妶婾䘬慵⽫⇯䁢姽慷㱽

㍸ὃ䘬䳸㥳⺷⓷⌟ˤ

(ᶱ) 㶙⹎姒婯㱽 (In-depth interview)

㶙⹎姒婯㱽㗗岒⿏䞼䨞ⷠ㍉埴䘬㕡㱽ᷳᶨ炻㊯姒婯侭冯⍿姒侭啱䓙Ṍ婯䚠Ḻ

⼙枧炻徸㻠忼⇘シ夳Ṍ㎃冯⺢㥳䘬忶䦳ˤ姒婯屯㕁᷎朆╖㕡朊⛘㊾㍀炻侴㗗暁㕡 Ḻ≽䘬䓊䈑 (䔊⿮忼炻1996烊叱ᷫ▱炻2006)ˤ劍ẍ姒婯侭冯⍿姒侭㍍妠䘬⼊⺷∫

↮炻⍰⎗↮䁢朊⮵朊姒婯ˣ暣娙姒婯ẍ⍲䵚ᶲ姒婯ˤ䓙㕤䃉㱽⮯㇨㚱㪲䙲斄ὪṢ 普ᷕ㕤⎴ᾳ⟜⎰炻⮵㛒傥ẍ䃎溆⛀橼⼊⺷⠓⮓⓷⌟侭炻㛔䞼䨞ℤẍ朊⮵朊姒婯墄 嵛ᾳ⇍⍿姒侭䘬⓷⌟屯妲炻忚埴⓷⌟䁢ᷣ䘬䳸㥳⿏姒婯烊⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻ḇẍ朊⮵朊 ㆾ暣姒炻娎⚾Ḯ妋忶⍣⍫冯㓰傥姽慷䘬Ṣ⒉炻⮵ᶵ⎴姽慷㕡㱽䘬姽₡炻⤪⓷⌟ℏ

⭡㗗⏎傥↯⎰䴻䆇䭉䎮䘬⮎⊁䴻槿ˣ⮵㕡㱽䘬⺢嬘䫱炻㬌忚埴㕡⺷㍉朆䳸㥳⿏姒 婯炻妪↢ᷣ柴炻⍿姒侭⎗⻰⿏晐シ⛘婯↢冒⶙䘬デ⍿ (堩㕡炻2002)ˤ䵚ᶲ姒婯 冯暣娙姒婯ᶨ㧋Ⱄ㕤攻㍍姒婯䘬ᶨ䧖炻㛔䞼䨞⼴㛇忚ℍ姽慷䳸㝄↮㜸㗪炻㚦ẍ悝 ẞ冯 METT 䘬䘤⯽侭忚埴倗专炻ᶵ忶⚧㕤ᾉẞ⼨彼䘬㗪攻ⶖ炻䃉㱽⣒柣䷩⛘忚埴ˤ

䫔ᶱ䭨 ġ 䞼䨞㳩䦳

䃉⯦㷗⶚㕤 2006 ⸜冯 2010 ⸜㕥埴忶ℙℑ㫉䘬 RAPPAM炻⛐䳸㝄冯⠓⮓䴻槿 ᶲ㚱庫⣂䘬䲨抬冯妶婾炻侴 METT 冯 EoH 㕤冢䀋⯂㛒㚱⮎晃㑵ἄ炻㓭⛐䞼䨞忚䦳 䘬⬱㌺ᶲ炻ẍ METT 冯 EoH 䘬➟埴䁢ᷣ炻RAPPAM ⇯ẍ㔯䌣⚆栏冯姒婯䘬㕡⺷炻 Ḯ妋忶⍣➟埴㗪㪲䙲斄ὪṢ⮵㕤娚姽慷㱽䘬姽婾冯姽慷䳸㝄ˤ䞼䨞㳩䦳⬱㌺⤪⚾

3-2 ㇨䣢炻䓙㕤䞼䨞侭忶⍣㛒㚦㚱⍫冯姽慷䘬䴻槿炻䁢Ḯ䅇〱姽慷䘬䭨⣷炻⃰䓙㑵 ἄ庫╖䲼䘬 METT 叿ㇳ炻ℵ忚埴 EoHˤ⎬姽慷㕡㱽䘬㑵ἄ䳘䭨㕤ᶳ䭨娛徘ˤ

⚾ 3-2 䞼䨞㳩䦳

䫔⚃䭨 ġ 姽慷㕡㱽㑵ἄ

䁢Ḯἧᶱ䧖姽慷㱽䘬㭼庫㚱庫ᶨ农䘬䩳➢溆炻⛐➟埴 METT 冯 EoH 㗪炻⟙⮶

Ṣ㗪ẍ忶⍣㚦⍫冯忶䃉⯦㷗 RAPPAM 姽慷䘬ㆸ⒉䁢ᷣˤ昌Ḯ⠓⮓⓷⌟⢾炻䞼䨞侭 ḇ憅⮵忶⍣⍫冯忶 RAPPAM 䘬姽慷⛀昲ㆸ⒉冯⬠侭忚埴姒婯ˤ

㭼庫ᶱ䧖㕡㱽䘬姽慷䳸㝄㗪炻RAPPAM 䘬↮㔠㍉䓐 2010 ⸜䘬姽慷䳸㝄炻METT 冯 EoH ⇯ἧ䓐㛔㫉䞼䨞⍾⼿䘬屯㕁ˤ㬌⢾炻䓙㕤㬌㫉䞼䨞➟埴嶅ᶲ㫉 RAPPAM 䘬

METT RAPPAM EoH

䓘慶ᾳ㟰怠⭂

⓷⌟侣嬗冯娎埴

忚ℍ䓘慶➟埴 (姒婯冯䃎溆⛀橼)

屯㕁㔜䎮

冯 RAPPAM 姽慷䳸㝄忚埴⇅㬍㭼庫

墄⃭姒婯屯㕁 ⓷⌟侣嬗冯娎埴

忚ℍ䓘慶➟埴炻ẍ 姒婯冯䃎溆⛀橼㕡

⺷㓞普➢䢶屯妲

⼁㔜㇨㚱屯妲炻

⮯堐╖⠓㺧 冱彎ⶍἄ⛲

㭼庫ᶱ㕡㱽⼿⇘䘬姽慷䳸㝄 墄⃭姒婯屯㕁

➟埴㗪攻⶚㚱⚃⸜䘬句ⶖ炻䁢Ḯ⛐ᶱ䧖姽慷㱽㭼庫ᶲ傥㚱庫⣂䘬妶婾炻㛔䞼䨞㕤

⼴㛇⎎䓙姽慷⛀昲ㆸ⒉䳬ㆸᶨ䃎溆⛀橼炻㕤ℑᾳ㚰ℏ⭮普忚埴ᶱ䧖姽慷⓷⌟ˤ⛀

橼ㆸ⒉忶⍣晾䃞㛒㚦⍫冯忶 RAPPAM炻Ữ⮵姽慷㕡㱽冯䃉⯦㷗䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮ね⼊⶚

㚱➢䢶㌴㎉炻⚈㬌傥⣈㍸ὃᶨṃ姽慷䴻槿䘬⚆棳ˤ

暨⎎ 婒㖶䘬㗗炻㛔䞼䨞晾䃞⟙⮶Ṣ㵝味䭬⚵庫⺋炻Ữ⛐㭼庫姽慷䳸㝄㗪ṵ ẍ忶⍣⍫冯忶 RAPPAM 姽慷䘬⟙⮶Ṣ䁢ᷣˤ⟙⮶Ṣẋ嘇冯䷥堐⮯㛔䭨⼴临⏰䎦ˤ

(ᶨ) METT

⛐忚ℍ䓘慶⇵炻椾⃰忚埴⓷⌟䘬ᷕ㔯⊾ˤMETT 屯㕁堐ℏ炻㚱ᶨ悐↮㪬ỵ㗗 姀抬ᾅ嬟⋨⛐⚳晃℔䲬⤪ᶾ䓴多䓊⛘ˣṢ冯䓇䈑⚰妰䔓 (Man and Biosphere) ㆾ㉱

⥮啑㹤⛘ (Ramsar wetland) 䫱䘬䚠斄㊯⭂屯妲炻冯冢䀋ᾅ嬟⋨䘬暨㯪ᶵ䫎炻㓭ᶵ

㍉䲵㬌悐↮堐╖ (堐 3-1)ˤ䁢䡢ᾅ侣嬗⼴䘬⫿⎍㳩㙊㖻䎮妋炻᷎ἧ⓷⌟䘬⎗㑵ἄ

⿏層役⛐⛘傰䴉炻䚜㍍姒婯㪲䙲斄ὪṢ᷎ẍ䃎溆⛀橼娎埴⓷⌟炻侴⛐娎埴⇵⃰⮯

屯㕁堐ᶲ⤪姕䩳㖍㛇ˣ⸜⹎枸䬿⍲ᾅ做䚖㧁䫱屯妲⠓⥍¹²ˤ

堐 3-1 METT ⓷⌟冯⍇䇰堐╖䘬ⶖ䔘 堐

╖ 婧㔜枭䚖 ≽ἄ/ 㚜㓡䁢 ⍇⚈

屯 㕁 堐

ˬWDPA˭㪬ỵ ⇒昌 冢䀋ᾅ嬟⋨㛒㚱䚠斄屯妲

ˬ慵天⿏˭㪬ỵ ⇒昌 冢䀋ᾅ嬟⋨㛒㚱䚠斄屯妲

ˬ⚳⭞˭ᶨ㪬 ⇒昌 㭳枰䈡⇍姣㖶

ˬᾅ嬟⋨ỵ伖˭ᶨ㪬 ⇒昌 㭳枰䈡⇍姣㖶

ˬ↿↢ℑ枭ᾅ嬟⋨ᷣ天 䘬䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁˭

ᾅ嬟⋨ᷣ天䘬 䴻䆇䭉䎮䚖㧁

(5 ᾳẍℏ)

䃉⯦㷗ℙ㚱⚃枭䴻㪲䙲斄Ὢ Ṣℙ⎴妶婾㇨⼿䘬䚖㧁

ˬ⚳晃℔䲬㊯⭂屯妲¹³˭

ᶨ㪬 ⇒昌 冢䀋ᾅ嬟⋨㛒㚱䚠斄屯妲

⦩ 傭

㭷枭⦩傭⡻≃枭䚖ᷕ炻

ˬᾅ嬟⋨ℏ˭䓐娆 ⇒昌 揺㕤㱽夷旸⇞炻⣏⣂㔠枭䚖㕤 ᾅ嬟⋨䭬⚵ℏᶵ⎗傥䘤䓇炻Ữ

12 䚠斄屯㕁䘮ẍ 2012 ⸜䃉⯦㷗ᾅ做妰䔓ᾖ妪ⶍἄ⛲㚫嬘屯㕁 (䚏忻㜘䫱炻2012) 䁢㸾ˤ

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