㡌ǵ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑࢎᄬ - 國際特赦組織在阿根廷與智利之人權推廣作為

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㡌ǵ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑࢎᄬ

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑᕴ೽೛ܭम୯উඩǴӵკ 3-3 ܌ҢǴಔᙃЬाޑᐒᄬх

ࡴ ୯ ሞ ୺ Չ ہ ঩ ཮ (International Board) ǵ ୯ ሞ ઝ ਜ ೀ (International Secretariat)ǵӄౚж߄ε཮(International Council Meeting)ǴᆶӚ୯ϩЍᐒᄬǴ аΠϩձᙁϟځфૈᆶᙍೢǶ

კ 3-3 ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӄౚݯ౛ࢎᄬკ

ၗ਑ٰྍǺAmnesty International 2013 Report to the INGO Accountability (London:

Amnesty International Publications), 12.

΋ǵ୯ሞ୺Չہ঩཮

୯ሞ୺Չہ঩཮(International Board)ॄೢಔᙃ࿶த܄ޑٯՉ٣୍ǵ

࿎Ꮴ୯ሞઝਜೀ(International Secretariat)Ǵᅱ࿎ӄౚж߄ε཮ᝢഢہ঩

཮(ICM Preparatory Committee)ǵ཮঩ҙນہ঩཮(Membership Appeals

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Committee)ǵ଄୍ᆶቩीہ঩཮(Finance and Audit Committee)ǴаϷӚ ϩ཮ޑࢲ୏ރݩǴ٠ۓයӧӄౚж߄ε཮ൔ֋Ǵዴߥ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑࡹ

฼ᆶচ߾ǴቬՉݤೕ፟ϒಔᙃޑځдфૈǶ୺ہ཮җ 9 Ӝہ঩ಔԋǴ ځ ύԖ 8 Γࢂค๏ᖒޑက୍ᙍǴҗ؂ٿԃᖐՉޑӄౚ཮঩ж߄ε཮ύᒧ рǴќ΋Γࢂҗ୯ሞઝਜೀޑᙍ঩ύᒧрǶ¹³³

Βǵ୯ሞઝਜೀ

୯ሞઝਜೀ(International Secretariat)ࢂಔᙃޑനଯՉࡹൂՏǴҗ೏

୯ሞ୺Չہ঩཮Һڮޑઝਜߏ(Secretary General)ᆶځд஑ᙍΓ঩Ӆӕ ಔԋǴڐշ୯ሞ୺Չہ঩཮຾ՉྗഢπբǶઝਜߏࣁಔᙃሦᏤΓᄤวق ΓǴॄೢჴሞ٣୍ǴჹѦж߄୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃǴ٠໪ۓයӛ୯ሞ୺Չہ঩

཮ൔ֋Ƕ୯ሞઝਜೀ౜Ԗ 320 ࣁ஑ᙍΓ঩Ǵவ٣Γ៾ୢᚒޑፓࢗࣴزǵ ගٮ࣬ᜢ୯ሞݤࡌ᝼ǵᆶځд୯ሞಔᙃڐፓᖄᛠǵࣁঁਢᆶՉ୏ܗ৖฻

ගٮ฼ౣᆶၗૻǵрހтނ٠຾Չӄౚ࠹໺ǵЍජϩ཮Ϸλಔޑว৖Ϸ

཮঩୻૽ǵЎҹᆶၗૻࢬ೯ϩଌǵࣁӄౚж߄ε཮Ϸ୯ሞ୺Չہ঩཮ග ٮՉࡹ୍ܺ฻πբǶ¹³⁴

Οǵӄౚж߄ε཮

୯ሞ੝೨ ಔᙃޑ ख़ा ࡹ฼೿ӧ Ȩӄౚ ж߄ ε཮ȩ (International Council Meeting)،ۓǶӄౚж߄ε཮؂ٿԃє໒΋ԛǴҗӚϩ཮ޑж߄ а Ϸ Ȩ ୯ ሞ ୺ Չ ہ ঩ ཮ ȩ (International Board) ޑ ԋ ঩ ಔ ԋ ( ߻ ي ࣁ International Executive Council)Ƕҗ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃ཮঩ಔԋޑȨλಔ (Group)ȩکӚȨϩ཮(Section)ȩࡰࢴޑж߄ಔԋǶε཮ޑЬाπբନᒧ

133 “International Board,” < http://www.amnesty.org/en/who-we-are/our-people/international-board >

(accessed January16, 2014)ǹ“Goethe Institut,”

<http://www.goethe.de/ins/cn/tai/ges/pok/cn7554668.htmɧ (accessed May 2, 2013)

134 “International Secretariat Senior Leadership Team,”

<www.amnesty.org/en/who-we-are/our-people/international-secretariat-directors> (accessed January 16,

2014)ǹЦਁଈǴȠߚࡹ۬ಔᙃǺ᝼ᚒᆶว৖ȡ(ᆵчǺႳपკਜрހިҽԖज़ϦљǴ2005 ԃ)Ǵ।

107Ƕ

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р୯ሞ୺Չہ঩཮ύޑΖՏہ঩Ǵ¹³⁵ӕਔ૸ፕಔᙃޑ࣬ᜢ฼ౣǵՉ୏ǵ ಔᙃک଄ࡹගਢǴ೛ۓಔᙃޑᜫඳǵҺ୍ᆶਡЈሽॶǴ٠ᔠ૸ຑ՗Γ៾

ၮ୏฼ౣ܈ीฝޑԋਏǴԶε཮ޑ،᝼നಖҗ୯ሞ୺Չہ঩཮୺ՉǶ¹³⁶ ѤǵӚ୯ϩЍᐒᄬ

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧШࣚӚ୯ޑϩЍᐒᄬࢂፄᇙউඩޑಔᙃኳԄǴ୯ሞ

੝೨ಔᙃቺ୯ϩ཮Ԑӧ 1961 ԃ 7 Дߡ໒ۈၮբǴԿϞ၀ϩ཮ςࢂ୯ሞ

੝೨ಔᙃ္നεޑ΋ঁϩЍᐒᄬǶԿ 2012 ԃԃۭ߻Ǵ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧ ШࣚӚӦςԖ 72 ঁ҅Ԅϩ཮(Section)ǹ¹³⁷ӧ҂೏ᇡۓ٠ϲࣁϩ཮ϐ߻

Ԗ 22 ঁ୯ৎ೛ԖȨ୯ৎڐፓہ঩཮ȩ (National Coordinating Committee or pre-section)Ǵٯӵ AI ThailandǹќԖ 31 ୯೛ҥКȨ୯ৎڐፓہ঩཮ȩ

׳λޑൂՏǴᆀࣁȨ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃλಔȩ(AI Groups)ӵ AI TurkeyǶฅ ԶǴόᆅࢂ҅Ԅᕴ཮ӵऍ୯ᕴ཮ AI USA Ԗຬၸ 30 ࿤ޑ཮঩Ǵ܈ϿԿ 10 ډ 20 Γޑϩ཮ӵᐞߐᕴ཮ AI MacaoǴ୷ҁ΢೿ёа AI ࢌӦ܈ࢌ୯ ԶᆀǴЪόѸฅࢂа୯ৎࣁൂՏಔԋǴӕ΋ঁ୯ৎΨόѸฅѝԖ΋ঁϩ

཮Ǵӵу৾ε൩ԖमᇟᆶݤᇟϐϩԶԋҥٿঁٳӸޑϩ཮Ƕ ϖǵ࿶຤ٰྍ

ࣁΑߥ࡭ಔᙃޑᐱҥ܄ᆶԾЬ܄ǴόڙҺՖࡹ۬܈ځдಔᙃޑ௓

ڋǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑ࿶຤٩ᒘӭϡϯޑ༅ීǴፏӵ཮঩ᛦયޑ཮຤ǵҾ

཰کঁΓਈීǵрހނᎍ୧Ϸޗ཮༅ਈ฻ǴόௗڙҺՖࡹ۬Бय़ޑ଄ࡹ

135 ୯ሞ୺Չہ঩཮җΐՏہ঩ಔԋǴځύΖӜҗӄౚж߄ε཮ᒧᖐǴќ΋Ӝ߾җ୯ሞઝਜೀύ

ޑᙍ঩ᒧрǶ

136 ЦਁଈǴȠߚࡹ۬ಔᙃǺ᝼ᚒᆶว৖ȡ(ᆵчǺႳपკਜрހިҽԖज़ϦљǴ2005 ԃ)Ǵ। 106Ƕ

137 хࡴߓᅟϷճ٥ǵߓਥ׊ǵنჱǵԭኀၲǵЃՋǵѲӓયݤ઩ǵඵճǵຝУੇ۞ǵլࢶষՋ

٥ǵोયǵӎУճǵӑࡋǵޭ٥ǵᎿЃცǵଭٰՋ٥ǵଭճǵኳٚՋථǵᏀՋঢǵነᅟӭґǵᆾ ђǵነࢶঢǵѭݲᅟǵЃ܎ӨǵઝᎹǵ๷ࡓᇯǵݢើǵ߮ᛥථǵ༞ϣуᅟǵྰηξӅک୯ǵࠄߚǵ

ੀ୯ǵܿуǵँѭՋ٥ǵβԸځǵਜ਼υၲǵਜ਼լើǵਜ਼܎Өǵہϣྷ܎ǵٌЃ࠶ǵᐞࢪǵ༫Ӧճǵ Кճਔǵԭኀၲǵу৾εǵ௘լǵϏഝǵݤᛥဂ৞ǵ޹ើǵݤ୯ǵቺ୯ǵ׆ᛪǵ३ෝǵӇ৞ǵང ᅟើǵаՅӈǵကεճǵВҁǵᐽහൕǵ಻ើǵફՋើǵਊ࠶ǵථࢶᆢѭ٥ǵဟ๻УǵݢӭᎿӚǵ ථࢶҵլǵࠄᗬǵՋ੤УǵྷڂǵྷγǵѠ᡼ǵम୯ǵऍ୯Ƕ

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ၗշ܈ਈීǶ¹³⁸

ಃΟ࿯ ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑΓ៾௢ቶ฼ౣ

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃឦȨᆕӝ܄ȩ୯ሞΓ៾ߚࡹ۬ಔᙃǴѬаȠШࣚΓ៾࠹قȡࣁ

ྗᛣǴᜢݙӚቫय़Γ៾ୢᚒǴԶШࣚ΢Һ΋ࡹ۬ऩԖᝄख़ߟҍΓ៾ՉࣁǴ߾཮೏

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃ૶ᒵܭԃࡋൔ֋ύǶ¹³⁹և΢࿯܌ॊǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃᐱҥܭҺՖࡹ

۬ǵࡹݯཀ᛽׎ᄊǵ࿶ᔮճ੻܈ے௲ߞһϐѦǴӧΓ៾௢ቶ฼ౣޑᔈҔ΢Ψၨᡫ ࢲǴख़ᗺӧᜢݙΓ៾ڙ্ޣޑࡑၶǴ܈ځѬΓ៾ߟ্ୢᚒǶҁ࿯ஒϟಏ୯ሞ੝೨ ಔᙃޑΓ៾௢ቶ฼ౣǴϷځڀᡏբࣁǶ

൘ǵᔈҔ฼ౣ

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃԋҥϐ߃Ǵ௦Չ “A Threes Network”ीฝǴᕴ೽ஒؼЈҍ ޑၗૻ஌ၲ྽Ӧޑ୯ሞ੝೨ი໗Ǵ؂ঁი໗ॄೢΟঁঁਢǴԑӧၲԋдॺޑ ᕇញǶځύΟঁঁਢύǴځ΋ሡٰԾӅౢ໣ი୯ৎǴځΒٰԾՋБ୯ৎǴځ ΟٰԾಃΟШࣚ୯ৎǶ೭ᜪᆀࣁ “Threes” ޑი໗Ǵஒჹᕴ೽ࡰࢴޑঁਢు

Εፓࢗǵቪߞ๏܍ᒤ۔঩ǵኃୢؼЈҍϷځৎឦǴ٠ᔅշᕇញޑؼЈҍڗள

׈ៈǴख़ࡌдॺӧځд୯ৎޑғࢲǴӕਔΨᙖԜࣁᕴ೽ᝢ༅ၮբ୷ߎǶ¹⁴⁰

၀฼ౣว৖ԿϞǴ࿶ၸߏයޑঅ҅ᆶჴ፬Ǵςவന߃ᚉ׎Ǵว৖ࣁၨӄ य़ᆶڀᡏޑ฼ౣǴೕኳΨ׳уᚳεǶᆕᢀ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃ߈ԃޑΓ៾௢ቶ฼

ౣǴёϩࣁၗ਑ᇆ໣ᆶ٣ჴፓࢗǵ೛ҥՉ୏ᆶ஑ৎᆛ๎ǵ࠹໺ᆶ௢ՉΓ៾௲ ػǴ૟ϩॊӵΠǺ

138 ౰आғǵລծЬጓǴȠ྽ж୯ሞᜢ߯ύޑ “ಃΟޣ”-ߚࡹ۬ಔᙃୢᚒࣴزȡ(ч٧Ǻਔ٣рހޗǴ 2003 ԃ)Ǵ। 195Ƕ

139 Ц݇ǵ஭ੇᔭǵ஭דࢪЬጓǴȠӄౚݯ౛ύޑ୯ሞߚࡹ۬ಔᙃȡ(ч٧Ǵч٧εᏢрހޗǴ2004

ԃ)Ǵ। 369Ƕ

140 Linda Rabben, Fierce Legion of Friends: A History of Human Rights Campaigns and Campaigners (Hyattsville: Quixote Center, 2002), 186.

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΋ǵၗ਑ᇆ໣ᆶ٣ჴፓࢗ

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧШࣚΓ៾ሦୱનٰаΓ៾ၗૻޑྗዴ܄ک៾࠶܄

๱ᆀǴӧፓࢗǵԏ໣ǵࣴزϷࢗ᛾ԖᜢΓ៾Бय़ૻ৲ޑΓΚᆶߎᒲ׫ΕǴ эځԃࡋᕴЍрޑനεКٯǶ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃ؂ԃрހکว߄ӚᅿΓ៾Ў ҹکൔ֋ǴЪࣁዴᇡ೭٤Γ៾ঁਢǴځࣴز೽ߐ࿶தࢴᇾж߄იԿ྽

ӦǴჴӦፓࢗ၀୯ޑΓ៾ރݩǶٯӵӧ 1997 ԃǴ၀ಔᙃࢴр 141 ঁж ߄იԿ 62 ঁ୯ৎǴҞޑӧᆶ೭٤୯ৎޑࡹ۬۔঩຾ՉΓ៾ჹ၉ǵ཮ـ ȨؼЈҍȩǵ௦ೖΓ៾ঀ᝼ޣǵ਒᠋ቩղᆶ຾ՉჴӦፓࢗǶ¹⁴¹

ࣁεໆϷ҅ዴޑᇆ໣ၗ਑Ǵ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧ൳ঁ੝ۓޑ୯ৎǴ໣ύ ԋҥࣴزፓࢗλಔǴፓࢗӚӦΓ៾ߟ্ރݩ٠଺рൔ֋Ƕࣴزλಔӧፓ

ࢗၸำύǶሡҬΰ؃᛾Ǵቶݱᇆ໣ӚБޑૻ৲ǴٯӵவѥҍϷځৎឦǵ ࡓৣǵ૶ޣǵᜤ҇ǵѦҬΓ঩ǵے௲იᡏǵޗიπբΓ঩ǵΓၰಔᙃک ځдΓ៾ಔᙃᕇளၗૻǴӕਔᅱ࣮ൔરǵᆛ।کӚᅿ൞ᡏൔᏤǶԶࣁᆒ ዴᕇள٣ჴǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃࢴᇾ؃᛾πբλಔډ౜൑ፓࢗ௃ݩǶπբΓ

঩ёૈ཮ೖፋѥҍǵৎឦǵࡓৣǵ᛾Γک྽ӦΓ៾ၮ୏ΓγǴΨёૈᢀ ჸቩղǴ཮ـࡹ۬۔঩Ƕଞჹ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃคݤ຾ΕޑȨ࠾ഈȩ୯ৎǴ

ࣴزλಔёૈሡाһᒘ୯ѦޑၗૻٰྍǴٯӵཥᆪൔᏤǵᜤ҇ǵᎫѦΓ

঩Ƕ

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑፓࢗҗ஑ৎဂ຾ՉǴ٠җόӕሦୱӵ୯ሞݤǵ൞ᡏ کࣽמ฻ሦୱޑ஑ৎڐշǶಔᙃӧวթҺՖᖂܴ܈ൔ֋߻Ǵϣ৒ሡᕇள ୯ሞઝਜೀ೚ёǴаዴߥၗ਑҅ዴǴࡹݯҥ൑Ϧ҅Ǵ٠಄ӝ୯ሞ੝೨ಔ ᙃޑےԑǶ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃΨ࿶தೀ౛Ӛᅿࡰ௓ǴԶόࢂడคݾ᝼ޑ٣ ჴǴӢԜሡा၁ಒࢗ᛾ǶऩวғᒱᇤǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃ཮ගрঅ҅ǶӢԜ

141 “Amnesty International Annual Report 1997,”

ɦhttp://www.amnesty.org/en/library/info/POL10/001/1997/enɧ(accessed May 2, 2013).

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΋૓ࠍߞ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃࣴزޑё᎞܄ǴӢԜቶࣁࡹ۬ǵၠࡹ۬ಔᙃǵཥ ᆪ૶ޣǵᏢޣǵځдΓ៾ಔᙃکၮ୏იᡏҔբୖԵǶ

Βǵ೛ҥՉ୏ک஑ৎᆛ๎

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃࢴᇾࣴز঩ԿᚶᅪΓ៾ڙߟҍӦ୔Ǵֹԋፓࢗࡕஒ่

݀܈ঁਢӛ୯ሞޗ཮ϦթǴڥᢣӄౚޑԋ঩΋ӕՉ୏ǴӛߟҍΓ៾ޣࡼ

ᓸǴаၷЗځኪՉǶ

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑ୷ҁࢲ୏БԄࢂ஌วεໆޑᖂජߞ٠௦ڗᆙ࡚Չ

୏Ǵ؂྽୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃዴᇡǴ៾ճڙߟ্ޣԶሡाԖ܌Չ୏ਔǴ൩཮ว

୏཮঩Չ୏Ǵࢴᇾ஑ৎکڙ্Γ཮ፋǴ٠ᢀჸቩղ຾ՉǴϷೖፋ྽ӦΓ

៾πբޣک۔঩Ƕᅱ࣮ӄШࣚӚӦኧίঁޑ൞ᡏ೯ၡǴ٠کё᎞ޑ੃৲

ٰྍߥ࡭ᖄᛠǶ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧӄౚӚӦޑ཮঩ǵЍ࡭ޣکπբΓ঩Ǵ ว୏Ϧ౲ӛӚ୯ࡹ۬аϷځдԖቹៜΚޣࡼᓸǴаಖЗߟ্Γ៾ޑՉ ࣁǶځࢲ୏х֖Ϧ౲Ң࠶ၯՉǵቪߞǵΓ៾௲ػǵ༅ීॣ኷཮ǵঁΓ௱ ජǵჹ੝ۓ୯ৎ܈᝼ᚒว୏ӄౚՉ୏ǵௗ᝻ӦБ྽ֽǵၯᇥࡹ۬໔୯ሞ ಔᙃ฻Ƕ

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑӄౚᆛ๎ǴࣁԖӒᓀޑঁΓ܈ޗ୔วрί΢࿤ޑ௱ ජߞǶӵ݀ࣁΑࡳ௱܄ڮԶሡाᆙ࡚Չ୏ǴٗሶӄౚӚӦޑדπ΋ௗᕇ ᆙ࡚೯ޕǴ൩཮ӧኧঁλਔϣ஌วߞҹǵ໺੿ǵႝηແҹǶ΋ѿวғε

ೕኳޑΓ៾ӒᐒǴ཮঩ࡐז൩཮৖໒ӄౚ܄ޑՉ୏ǶԖਔংǴךॺޑ཮

঩Ȩᇡሦȩ੝ۓঁΓ܈᝼ᚒǴа൨؃ؼЈҍޑញܫǴ܈ा؃੝ۓ୯ৎቲ ЗԝӉǴऩԖѸाǴ೭ኬޑᇡሦπբ۳۳ёߏၲኧԃǶ

Οǵ࠹໺

ӵ߻܌ॊǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑፓࢗࢂҗ஑ৎဂ܌຾ՉޑǴ٠җόӕሦ ୱޑ஑ৎڐշǴፏӵ୯ሞݤǵ൞ᡏکࣽמ฻ሦୱǶѬॺวѲ၁ಒޑൔ֋Ǵ

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Ϧթ࣬ᜢϣ৒๏ཥᆪ൞ᡏǴ٠ၮҔ໺ൂǵੇൔǵቶ֋ǵཥᆪ೯ૻکᆛ।Ǵ

࠹໺ځᜢϪޑ᝼ᚒǶӧቹៜΓ៾ࡹ฼ቫय़Ǵ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃҭᑈཱུӛӚӦ

ࡹ۬຾ՉၯᇥǴ٬ӚӦޑࡹ฼Ϸݤࡓ׳ૈᆢៈ྽ӦΓ҇ޑ୷ҁΓ៾Ƕ¹⁴² Ѥǵ௢ՉΓ៾௲ػ

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃᜅշᆶΓ៾௢ቶ࣬ᜢޑ௲ػБਢǴڐշΓॺᏢಞک਍

ፁΓ៾ǶѬॺ໒วёаӧਠ༜٬Ҕޑ௲׷Ǵᝢᒤ௲ৣ૽ግፐำǴ٠Ⴔᓰ ଞჹࡹ۬Γ঩کӼӄ೽ߐΓ঩຾Չ૽ግБਢǴҭڥᢣࡹ۬ץ঑٠ᒥӺ୯ ሞΓ៾చऊǴаமϯ୯ሞΓ៾ೕጄǶ

ມǵڀᡏբࣁ

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃߏයठΚܭӄౚΓ៾ว৖ǴᖐΥؼЈҍǵᜤ҇ᆶ౽҇ǵ૶

ޣǵٽู៾ճǵচՐ҇៾ճǵζ៾ǵமॐѨᙫǵமॐܨᎂǵܥ࿣ᆶሉӉǵݓ

းፂँǵቲନԝӉ฻Ǵ೿ࢂ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃᜢݙޑ᝼ᚒǶ

аҁፕЎᜢݙޑߓਥ׊ᆶඵճࣁٯǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃߓਥ׊ϩ཮(Amnistía Internacional: Sección Argentina)วଆޑΓ៾ࢲ୏хࡴȨӄ୯ϸሉӉၮ୏ȩ (Campaña Nacional contra la Tortura)ǵȨғӸޑ൧ᝄȩ(Exige Dignidad)ǵȨ੃

ࡎ஁ζኪΚȩ(No más violencia contra las mujeres)ǵȨݓᏔ௓ᆅȩ(Armas bajo control)ᆶȨȠШࣚΓ៾࠹قȡ60 ڬԃइۺࢲ୏ȩ(60 aniversario de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos) ǹ¹⁴³୯ ሞ ੝ ೨ ಔ ᙃ ඵ ճ ϩ ཮ (Amnistía Internacional: Sección Chile)߾ᆫขȨғӸޑ൧ᝄȩᆶȨܔ๊ࣁኪΚიᡏගٮ ݓᏔȩ(Ni un arma para atrocidades)฻ࢲ୏Ƕ¹⁴⁴

᏾ᡏԶقǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧӚӦޑϩ཮Ǵεӭ٩Ᏽউඩᕴ೽ޑࡰᏤচ

142 ȨᜢܭךॺȩǴɦhttp://www.amnesty.tw/index.php?page_id=862ɧ(accessed May 1, 2013)Ƕ

143 “Nuestro trabajo: Campañas,” <http://www.amnistia.org.ar/nuestro-trabajo/campanias>

(accessed January 16, 2014).

144 “Campañas,” < http://www.amnistia.cl/web/ind%C3%ADgnate/campa%C3%B1as> (accessed January 16, 2014).

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߾Ǵ຾ՉόӕΓ៾᝼ᚒޑ௢ቶǴᖂජӚঁ୯ৎޑΓ៾ڙ্ޣǶԖ᠘୯ሞ੝೨ ಔᙃੋىϐΓ៾᝼ᚒ౲ӭǴаΠஒ൩ؼЈҍǵᜤ҇ᆶ౽҇ǵமॐѨᙫǵܥ࿣

ᆶሉӉǵቲନԝӉ฻ϖ໨᝼ᚒǴཷᢀ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑڀᡏբࣁǶ

΋ǵؼЈҍ

ᖂජؼЈҍࢂ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃനԐੋΕޑΓ៾᝼ᚒǴΨࢂ౜ϞޑਡЈ Һ ୍ ϐ ΋ Ƕ ୯ ሞ ੝ ೨ ಔ ᙃ ೸ ၸ ว ଆ Ȩ ቪ ߞ ଭ ܎ ݊ ȩ (letter-writing marathon)ǵȨᆙ࡚௱ජȩ(Urgent Action)฻ࢲ୏ǴᔅշؼЈҍϷځৎឦǶ Ծ 1961 ԃ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃԋҥаٰǴځςೀ౛ 47,000 ҹؼЈҍਢҹǴځ ύԖຬၸ 45,000 ҹς่ਢǴЪԾ 1973 ԃଆᆉǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃԿϞςว ଆ 10,400 ҹᆙ࡚௱ජՉ୏Ƕ¹⁴⁵ځύၨ๱Ӝޑԋфਢٯхࡴୗቺ܎ᆶશ ξ᝵ৃ฻Γ៾ରγޑ௱ජՉ୏Ƕ¹⁴⁶

Βǵᜤ҇ᆶ౽҇

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧᜤ҇ᆶ౽҇ޑ᝼ᚒ΢ǴЬा೸ၸӚϩ཮ӛځ୯ৎၯ ᇥǴඩߦӚ୯ᜢݙᜤ҇ᆶ౽҇ޑ୷ҁΓ៾Ǵ๏ϒᜤ҇׈ៈǴЀځࢂӧว ғᏯ໶Ǵ܈ࡹֽ୏ᕏόӼޑӦ୔ǶٯӵǴҞ߻ಔᙃᜢЈޑਢٯϐ΋Ǵࢂ

ࣁ 23 ӜٰԾ௶ճ٥ޑᜤ҇൨؃׈ៈǴдॺ҅य़ᖏᎁڙষϷ០೴рნޑ

॥ᓀǶځύٿՏЃୌථڶΓёૈ೏ᇾଌԿᎿЃცǴԶځѬ 21 Ӝ௶ճ٥ Γ߾೏ᇾଌԿβԸځǶ၀იᡏӧ଒ᚆ௶ճ٥ݓးፂँࡕǴԿষϷ൨؃׈

ៈǶ٩Ᏽ୯ሞݤǴষϷᔈॄଆߥៈ଒ᚆፂँϐΓ҇ޑೢҺǴՠষϷࡹ۬

ϸԶܔ๊೭٤ᜤ҇ΕნǶӢԜǴࣁΑߥምᜤ҇ޑ៾ճǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃς ࣁ௶ճ٥ᜤ҇วଆᆙ࡚ቪߞࢲ୏Ǵ׆ఈ೸ၸӚࣚΚໆǴӛষϷࡹ۬ࡼ

145 Jonathan Power, Like Water on Stone: The Story of Amnesty International (New York: Northeastern University Press, 2001), 135.

146 Amnesty International 2013 Report to the INGO Accountability (London: Amnesty International Publications, 2013).

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ᓸǶ¹⁴⁷

ΟǵமॐѨᙫ

மॐѨᙫ߯ࡰǴၴϸ྽٣Γཀᜫϒа຺ਂǵܥ੮܈࿹ࢎǴ܈গღځ ԾҗǴᒿࡕΞܔ๊೸៛ځڮၮ܈ΠပǴ܈ܔ๊܍ᇡগღΑځԾҗǴ่݀

ஒ྽٣Γ࿼ܭݤࡓߥៈϐѦޑՉࣁǴ౜Ϟς೏ᖄӝ୯Ƞߥៈ܌ԖΓόڙ ڙமॐѨᙫ୯ሞϦऊȡ(International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance)ӈࣁख़ाޑΓ៾᝼ᚒϐ΋ǶԶ୯ሞ

੝೨ಔᙃԐӧ 1970 ԃж࡭ុᜢݙԜ᝼ᚒǴΨࣁፏӭѨᙫޣวଆᆙ࡚Չ

୏Ǵ٠၁ಒፓࢗѨᙫޣޑ࣬ᜢၗૻǴҭኃୢځৎឦǴڐշдॺפрѨᙫ ޣޑΠပǶ၀᝼ᚒҭࢂҁፕЎࣴز୯ৎ-ඵճᆶߓਥ׊ैࡹ۬ਔයϐΓ

៾ߟ্ୢᚒϐ΋Ǵஒܭࡕុക࿯຾΋؁ឍॊǶ Ѥǵܥ࿣ᆶሉӉ

ӧ೚ӭ҇Ьڋࡋۘ҂ֹӄԋዕޑ୯ৎύǴܥ࿣ᆶሉӉதࣁࡹ۬ଯቫ

܌٬ҔǴᙖԜ༟೷ࡹ۬៾࠶Ƕ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃว౜Ǵӧ೭٤୯ৎύǴᅱᅢ ύޑΓ঩த٬ҔᅿᅿόΓၰޑሉӉჹࡑѥҍǴ੝ձࢂࡹݯҍǶӢԜǴ؂

྽୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃᕇளሉӉޑ࣬ᜢঁਢǴϣ೽Γ៾߾ຎ௃ݩբόӕำࡋޑ ϟΕǶ

ٯӵӧ 2012 ԃǴҲਟ૶ޣᄤΓ៾਍ፁޣ Ahmad ZeidabadiǴӢځЎ ക࿶தץຑҲਟࡹ۬Ǵ܈૸ፕΓ៾᝼ᚒǶΞӢځӕਔᏼҺԑӧׯ๓Ҳਟ Γ៾ރݩޑȨҲਟε஑౥཰ғڐ཮ȩޑઝਜߏǴ೏ղϤԃ২ӉǴѦуნ ϣࢬܫϖԃǵᒁღϦ៾ಖيǴ٠೏ᜢӧᕉნཱུࣁൾӍޑRaja’i Shahr ᅱ ᅢǶਥᏵ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑፓࢗǴZeidabadi ӧܥ੮ය໔Ǵத೏ୀૻΓ঩

147 Ȩ௶ճ٥ᜤ҇҅य़ᖏ០೴рნȩǴɦhttp://www.amnesty.tw/?p=1653#more-1653ɧ (accessed May 1, 2013)Ƕ

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኿ѺǴ܈ࡼуځдόΓၰޑሉӉǶ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӢԶࣁځวଆፎᜫՉ

୏Ǵ࡭ុा؃Ҳਟࡹ۬ញܫ ZeidabadiǴҭࢴಔᙃԋ঩ԿҲਟΑှჴሞ

௃ݩǶ¹⁴⁸

ϖǵቲନԝӉ

ቲନԝӉ΋ޔࢂ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃ௢ቶޑ᝼ᚒǶ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃϸჹӧҺ Ֆ௃ݩΠ٬ҔԝӉǴ٠ᇡࣁǴԝӉό໻ցۓΓ៾ޑӸӧǴ׳ࢂࡹ۬ᙖ҅

ကϐӜ຾Չीฝ܄ఠΓޑπڀǶԝӉΨӕਔၴϸΑШࣚΓ៾࠹قύ܌࠹

Ңϐғڮ៾ǴѬࢂ΋ᅿཱུࡋූሉǵόΓၰԶЪё৭ޑᚵᆦБԄǶ୯ሞ੝

೨ಔᙃନڥᢣШࣚӚ୯аځдӉೢжඹԝӉѦǴҭᖂජς೏࠹ղԝӉޑ

࿾ҍǴۓයрހȠӄౚԝӉൔ֋ȡ(Death Sentences and Executions)Ƕӕ ਔǴಔᙃ܌วଆޑȨቲନԝӉၮ୏ȩǴӧ߈ΜԃٰǴِೲว৖Ǵᝩុ٬

ҔԝӉޑ୯ৎӧ୯ሞ΢೴ᅌೀܭېҥރᄊǴԶҞ߻ӄౚςԖ 140 ঁ୯ৎ ݤࡓܴЎቲନԝӉ܈ό୺ՉԝӉǶ

λ ่

୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃԾ 1961 ԃԋҥԿϞǴςӧШࣚӚεࢪ 150 ӭ୯ᏱԖၻ 200 ࿤ ԋ঩Ǵҭӧፏӭ୯ৎϷӦ୔೛Ԗϩ཮ǶᄒԿ 2012 ԃۭǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӅԖຬၸ 320 ࿤཮঩ᆶЍ࡭ޣǴځύऊԖ 260 ࿤Γୖᆶಔᙃ௢ቶޑΓ៾ၮ୏(хࡴୖᆶቪߞ ၮ୏ǵೱ࿿ǵל᝼Ң࠶ǵၯᇥǴ܈ځдബཥБݤǴٯӵኗቪ೽ပ਱ǵՍೱޗဂᆛ

๎܈΢ᄽຉ΢Չ୏ቃ฻)Ƕ٠ЪӢࣁځ਍ፁШࣚΓ៾ޑڑຫଅ᝘Ǵܭ 1977 ԃᕇႧ ᒍنᅟکѳዛǴ1978 ԃᕇႧᖄӝ୯Γ៾ዛǶѬᜢݙޑ୔ୱх֖ύܿᆶчߚǵኻ ࢪᆶύ٥ǵ٥ϼᆶࠄ٥ǵऍࢪǵߚࢪ(ԛኜࠖ܎ᆶߚࢪࠄ೽)Ǵჹߦ຾ШࣚӚӦޑ

148 ȨҲਟ:૶ޣᎁӉ؃ղӉȩǴɦhttp://www.amnesty.tw/?p=1265ɧ (accessed May 1, 2013)Ƕ

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Γ៾ว৖όᒪᎩΚǴёᒏ྽жཱུڀଅ᝘ޑ୯ሞΓ៾ߚࡹ۬ಔᙃϐ΋Ƕ

ҁകа୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃࣁж߄Ǵ௖૸୯ሞߚࡹ۬ಔᙃӧΓ៾௢ቶϐჴ፬Ƕ೸ၸ ᔠຎ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑԋҥᆶว৖Ǵځϣ೽ಔᙃࢎᄬᆶ੝ቻǴᆶ၀ಔᙃޑΓ៾௢ቶ

฼ౣǴΑှ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃǴբࣁ΋ᜢݙΓ៾ޑ୯ሞߚࡹ۬ಔᙃǴځ܌วචޑфૈ

ᆶቹៜǶ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑ੝ՅନΑځಔᙃೕኳቶεǴၠຫШࣚϖεࢪǴҭԖֹ᏾

ޑӄౚݯ౛ࢎᄬѦǴ၀ಔᙃޑΓ៾௢ቶ฼ౣΨ࣬྽ॶள௖૸Ƕ

೸ၸЎ᝘ᔠຎᆶ᏾౛Ǵёว౜Ǵ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃЬा೸җၗ਑ᇆ໣ᆶ٣ჴፓ

ࢗǵ೛ҥՉ୏ک஑ৎᆛ๎ǵ࠹໺ᆶ௢ՉΓ៾௲ػ฻฼ౣǴаউඩᕴ೽ࣁ२ǴՍೱ ШࣚӚӦϩ཮ǴుહፏӭΓ៾᝼ᚒǴፏӵؼЈҍޑញܫǵᜤ҇ᆶ౽҇ǵ૶ޣߥៈǵ ٽู៾ճǵচՐ҇៾ճǵζ៾ǵமॐѨᙫǵமॐܨᎂǵܥ࿣ᆶሉӉǵݓးፂँǵ ቲନԝӉ฻ǴǶ

ӢԜǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃၨᐱ੝ޑଅ᝘ӧܭǴځቶݱޑၗ਑ᇆ໣ǴаϷᆒዴޑ٣ ჴፓࢗǴό໻ૈࣁ࣬ᜢ୯ሞಔᙃගٮεໆ҅ዴၗૻǴуೲ୯ሞΓ៾ࡌڋޑ຾ำ Ѧǹќ΋Бय़ஒၗૻϦፏܭШǴᙖԜӛΓ៾ၴϸ୯ࡼᓸǴඩߦځׯ๓୯ϣΓ៾ރ ݩǶ

ځԛǴ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃޑঀ᝼ᆛ๎ᚳεǴ܌ૈ୏Ҕޑၗྍၨࣁᙦ൤Ǵҭૈᆶځ дࡹ۬໔ಔᙃ܈ߚࡹ۬ಔᙃӝբǴ٠ᙖҗวՉӄౚΓ៾ൔ֋ǴЇଆ୯ሞຎ᠋Ǵӛ Ҟ኱୯ࡼᓸǶࣁ຾΋؁ᔠຎ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧ੝ۓ୯ৎޑΓ៾௢ቶϷځቹៜǴΠക ஒаඵճᆶߓਥ׊ٿ୯ࣁٯǴ௖૸୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧٿ୯ޑڀᡏբࣁǶ

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ಃ

ಃѤക ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃᆶ܎΍ऍࢪΓ៾௢ቶ

1980 ԃжǴಃΟݢ҇Ьϯ॥ዊৢ௔܎΍ऍࢪǴ೚ӭ୯ৎ઱઱ࡌҥ҇Ьࡹݯ ڋࡋǶฅԶǴȨैΓȩޑفՅ΋ޔӧ܎΍ऍࢪޑࡹݯว৖ᆶ҇Ьϯ຾ำύǴתᄽ ख़ाفՅǶӢԜǴ၀୔ୱޑ҇Ьࡹݯ΋ޔ࣬྽ૄ১ǴैΓυࡹޑ౜ຝቫрόጁǴ Ѐځ೚ӭ܎΍ऍࢪ୯ৎӧᐕ࿶ै٣ࡹᡂࡕǴैࡹ۬ߏයჴՉଯᓸ಍ݯǴ᏾๘౦ ρǴᝄख़ߟ্୯҇ޑ୷ҁΓ៾ǴதЇଆځд୯ৎǵ୯ሞಔᙃޑះೢᆶᜢݙǶԶ୯ ሞΓ៾ߚࡹ۬ಔᙃǴ੝ձࢂ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃǴӧߦ຾܎΍ऍࢪޑΓ៾ว৖Ǵҭวච ख़ाޑբҔǶҁക२Ӄֻᢀ܎΍ऍࢪΓ៾ཷݩǴаϷ၀୔ୱޑΓ៾ߥៈᐒڋǴ຾

Զаߓਥ׊ᆶඵճैࡹ۬ޑΓ៾ߟ্ୢᚒࣁٯǴᆫข୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧߓਥ׊ᆶඵ ճޑΓ៾բࣁǶ

ಃ΋࿯ ܎΍ऍࢪΓ៾ཷᢀ

ӧ܎΍ऍࢪޑ҇Ьϯ຾ำύǴΓ៾ߟ্ୢᚒ΋ޔࢂ೚ӭ܎ऍ୯ৎޑᐕў໾౩ ϐ΋ǶࣁుΕΑှ܎΍ऍࢪ୔ୱޑΓ៾ว৖຾ำǴҁ࿯ᆫข၀୔ୱޑΓ៾ߟ্ୢ

ᚒǴ٠ᔠຎ܎΍ऍࢪΓ៾ߥምᐒڋޑࡌҥǴϷځ߳ज़Ƕ

൘ǵ܎΍ऍࢪޑΓ៾ߟ্ୢᚒ

߈жޑ܎΍ऍࢪǴڙऍ୯ᐱҥǵݤ୯εॠڮޑႴᆸǴаϷ৾ઇடэሦՋ

੤Уǵဟ๻У܌ගٮޑࠨᐒǴ18 Шइ҃Կ 19 Шइ߃Ǵ܎΍ऍࢪӚ୯઱઱ว

୏ॠڮǴ࠹ѲᐱҥǶՠ܎΍ऍࢪӚ୯ᐱҥࡕǴҗܭલЮࡹݯ࿶ᡍǴҭӸӧᅿ

௼ፂँǴ೦൤ό֡ޑୢᚒǴࡺࡹֽ࣬྽όᛙۓǶ܎΍ऍࢪӚ୯ᐱҥࡕǴᗨ௦ ӅکࡹᡏǴ୯཮Ϸᕴ಍ࣣҗᒧᖐౢғǴՠӧ҇Ьࡹݯ҂ૈပჴޑङඳΠǴ۳

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۳җܭैΓυࡹԶీࣁै٣ᐱຊࡹ៾Ǵፏӭ୯ৎӭҗैΓᐱຊ಍ݯǴ೷ԋࡹ

ᡂᓎϝǴࡹ៾׳ॏזೲǴЀځࢂӧ 20 Шइ߃Ǵ൳Я܌Ԗޑ୯ৎ೿ೀӧࡹᡂ όᘐޑै٣ࡹ៾፺ඹϐύǴΨೱ஥ቹៜ܎΍ऍࢪޑΓ៾ว৖Ƕ

܎΍ऍࢪޑΓ៾ว৖ᆶ၀୔ୱޑ҇Ьϯ຾ำԖ࣬྽εޑᜢᖄǶε೽ϩޑ

܎΍ऍࢪ୯ৎӧհᏯਔයǴࣣමӢܿՋ໣იჹלǴԶ़ғрϣ೽ཀ᛽ࠠᄊݔ ౦ޑୢᚒǴԶ྽ਔ܎΍ऍࢪӚ୯ᏱծԾख़ޑै໗Ǵӧय़ჹคΚೀ࿼࿶ᔮޗ཮

ୢᚒޑ҇ᒧࡹ۬ਔǴதа௱ШЬޑϺڮԾۚǴ೷ԋ܎ऍӚ୯ैࡹ۬྽ၰޑֽ

य़Ƕ¹⁴⁹1960 ک 1970 ԃж໔ǴӄౚӚӦόᘐр౜Ȩϸȩ҇ЬࡹݯޑੁዊǴځ ύΞа܎΍ऍࢪ୯ৎޑᙯᡂനࣁቃਗ਼ǶैΓυࡹޑр౜Ǵᆶ܎ऍࡹ۬ޑ࠶៾

܄਱Ԗஏόёϩޑᜢ߯Ƕ¹⁵⁰܎΍ऍࢪޑ࠶៾ᡏڋ߄౜ӧΓ҇ሡᝄ਱ᒥவࡹ۬

ޑ៾࠶ǴԶࡹ۬தၮҔӚᅿᓸڋ܄Ћࢤٰᆢ࡭ک୺Չޗ཮௓ڋǶٯӵǴಃΒ ԛШࣚεᏯࡕǴҗैࡹ۬୺ࡹޑЃՋǵߓਥ׊ǵઝᎹǵඵճǵЃ܎Ө฻୯೿

ӧԜӈǶ¹⁵¹

܎΍ऍࢪ୯ৎޑैΓࡹ៾ൾӜࡿᄆǶࣁ୺Չଯᓸ಍ݯǴ᏾๘ޗ཮໶ຝǴ

ैࡹ۬܌௦Չޑࡹ฼εӭࢂόΓၰЋࢤǶ೭٤ኪՉхࡴीฝ܄ޑኪΚǵ৮ ᓵǴ௓ڋǵ࿹ࢎǴࣗԿᒉఠࡹݯ౦᝼ҽηǶၸѐ 30 ԃٰǴ໻໻ӧᙓᅟґӭǵ ᏀՋঢᆶߓਥ׊Ǵ൩Ԗ 100,000 Γ೏ఠǴځύԃᇸΓэεӭኧǶӭኧ܎΍ऍ ࢪ୯ৎࡹ۬௦ҔȨமॐѨᙫȩ(forced disappearances)ޑБԄᇙ೷୯ৎ৮܀Ƕ ೭٤ȨѨᙫޣȩ(disappearances)хࡴ೏࿹ࢎޑت܄ǵζ܄ǴаϷλ࠸Ǵдॺ ӭъᎁڙႝᔐǵବᎧᆶيЈ౛΢ޑሉӉǶ¹⁵²ӢԜǴ܎΍ऍࢪӚ୯ܭ҇Ьᙯࠠ

149 ߋ࿩ᝆǴȨҜᒍࠨਔжඵճϐΓ៾ݾ᝼Ϸځว৖ȩǴȠୢᚒᆶࣴزȡǴಃ 38 ڔಃ 4 ය (҇୯ 88 ԃ 4 Д)Ǵ। 34Ƕ

150 ጰܿ݇ǴȨ҇Ьϯ౛ፕޑᙶమᆶख़ᄬǺа܎΍ऍࢪࣁٯȩǴȠୢᚒᆶࣴزȡǴಃ 36 ڔಃ 8 ය (҇

୯ 86 ԃ 8 Д)Ǵ। 75Ƕ

151 S. E. Finer ed., The Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics (Harmondsworth:

Penguin Books, 1976), 223.

152 Cynthia L. Bejarano, “Las Super Madres de Latino America: Transforming Motherhood and Houseskirts by Challenging Violence in Juárez, México, Argentina, and El Salvador,” in Arturo J.

Aldama ed., Violence and the Body: Race, Gender, and the State (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2003), 405.

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යਔதाय़ჹǴ҇ᒧࡹ۬ࢂցᔈ၀ଓزैࡹ۬Γ៾ߟ্ޑୢᚒǴЀځࢂ࠶៾

ࡹᡏै᝾ଯቫ۔঩ܭҺϣ܌ҍΠޑΓ៾࿾ӉǶ¹⁵³Զ܎΍ऍࢪᗨӧ҇Ьϯዊࢬ ޑፂᔐΠǴ৖໒Γ៾ཥ।Ƕѝࢂၸ۳ޑΓ៾इᒵǴϝࣁ܎΍ऍࢪ೽ϩ୯ৎϣ

೽ݾፕόҶޑ᝼ᚒǴҭࣁ܎΍ऍࢪૄ১ޑ҇Ьࡹݯ׫ΠόዴۓӢનǶ¹⁵⁴

ມǵ܎΍ऍࢪΓ៾ߥምᐒڋ

܎΍ऍࢪӚ୯ޑΓ៾૶ᒵᗨฅதࣁѦࣚ၎ੰǴՠჴሞ΢Ǵ೚ӭ܎ऍ୯ৎ ςࢂȠШࣚΓ៾࠹قȡǵȠϦ҇៾ճکࡹݯ៾ճ୯ሞϦऊȡǴаϷȠ࿶ᔮǵޗ

཮کЎϯ៾ճ୯ሞϦऊȡΟεΓ៾Ϧऊޑጌऊ୯ǶЀځǴඵճ׳ࢂȠШࣚΓ

៾࠹قȡଆ૛ہ঩཮ޑᆶ཮୯ϐ΋ǶନΑୖᆶᖄӝ୯ࢎᄬΠޑ୯ሞΓ៾ߥៈ

ᐒڋǴ܎΍ऍࢪӦ୔ҭว৖раऍࢪ୯ৎಔᙃࣁ୷ᘵޑ୔ୱΓ៾ߥምᐒڋǶ

ऍࢪ୯ৎಔᙃԋҥܭ 1948 ԃǴಔᙃޑၮբаȠऍࢪ୯ৎಔᙃᏦകȡࣁ ਥ୷ǴӢԜǴΓ៾ᐒڋޑࡌҥᆶว৖ӕኬ൚୷ܭȠऍࢪ୯ৎಔᙃᏦകȡǶӕ ԃǴಃΐۛऍࢪ୯ৎ୯ሞ཮᝼(the Ninth International Conference of American States)วթȠऍࢪΓᜪ៾ճϷက୍࠹قȡ(OAS Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Men)Ƕ၀࠹قӧ߻قύ൩மፓȨঁΓ៾ճޑ୯ሞ܄ߥምǴᔈࢂऍ ࢪ୯ৎ࣬ᜢݤࡓว৖ޑЬाࡰᏤচ߾Ƕȩ¹⁵⁵

ऍࢪ୯ৎಔᙃᗄΠ҅ԄޑΓ៾ᐒᜢхࡴȨऍࢪ໔୯ৎΓ៾ہ঩཮ȩǴа ϷȨऍࢪ໔୯ৎΓ៾ݤଣȩ(Inter-American Court of Human Rights)ǶȨऍࢪ໔ ୯ৎΓ៾ہ঩཮ȩԋҥܭ 1959 ԃǴᏦകύೕۓہ঩཮ޑЬाфૈࣁǴߦ຾

ऍࢪ୯ৎჹΓ៾࣬ᜢచऊϷݤࡓޑᒥൻǴаϷჹΓ៾ޑߥምǹӕਔբࣁऍࢪ

153 Samuel P. Huntington, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991), 212-214.

154 ߋ࿩ᝆǴȨҜᒍࠨਔжඵճϐΓ៾ݾ᝼Ϸځว৖ȩǴȠୢᚒᆶࣴزȡǴಃ 38 ڔಃ 4 ය (҇୯ 88 ԃ 4 Д)Ǵ। 33Ƕ

155 “OAS Declaration of the Rights and Duties on Man,”

ɦhttp://www.hrcr.org/docs/OAS_Declaration/oasrights2.htmlɧ (accessed January 13, 2014).

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୯ৎಔᙃύǴᆶΓ៾࣬ᜢ٣୍ޑᒌ၌ᐒᜢǶჴሞၮբ΢Ǵہ঩཮୺ՉΑ೚ӭ όӕޑфૈǴځύх֖ፏӭ௢୏܄ᆶᒌ၌܄ޑ࣬ᜢࢲ୏Ǵ٠৖໒୯௃ࣴزᆶ ჴӦፓࢗǴࢴᇾፓࢗი໗ుΕᝄख़ၴϸΓ៾ޑ཮঩୯Ǵ٠рހ࣬ᜢޑᢀჸൔ

֋Ƕ¹⁵⁶

Ȩऍࢪ໔୯ৎΓ៾ݤଣȩǴ߾ࢂਥᏵ 1978 ԃғਏޑȠऍࢪΓ៾ϦऊȡǴ

܌ࡌҥޑљݤΓ៾ߥៈᐒᄬǴԑӧ፾Ҕکှញ࣬ᜢΓ៾ϦऊǶݤଣҗ 7 Ӝݤ

۔ಔԋǴёаຊ،ጌऊ୯໔ᜢܭၴϸϦऊޑࡰ௓ޑݾᆄǴ٠ёӧ੝ۓݾᆄޑ ࢲ୏ύှញȠऍࢪΓ៾ϦऊȡǴаϷځдΓ៾చऊǶӧ؂ۛऍࢪ୯ৎಔᙃε

཮ޑٯ཮΢ǴऍࢪΓ៾ݤଣѸ໪ගҬ΋ҽ΢΋ԃࡋޑπբൔ֋Ǵٮε཮ቩ

᝼ǶݤଣѸ໪ӧൔ֋ύഋॊځڙ౛ᆅᗄޑਢҹǴϷځղ،่݀Ǵ٠ගр፾྽

ࡌ᝼ǶՠҗܭّϞࣁЗǴᖂܴௗڙݤଣᆅᗄޑ୯ৎჳჳค൳Ǵ܌аऍࢪ୯ৎ ໔Γ៾ݤଣቩ౛ޑນ೜ਢҹၨϿǴε೽ϩڙ౛ޑਢҹ໻ࣁ཮঩୯ගٮᒌ၌ཀ ـǶ

ୖǵ܎΍ऍࢪΓ៾ߥምᐒڋޑ߳ज़܄

ऍࢪ୯ৎಔᙃᗨฅԖᐱҥޑΓ៾ᐒڋǴΨഌុ೯ၸගঀߥៈΓ៾ޑ࣬ᜢ ϦऊǴ٠೛ҥ஑ߐޑہ঩཮ᆶݤଣǶฅԶǴᐕў࿶ᡍࠅ᛾ܴǴᏃᆅ܎΍ऍࢪ ςԖ࣬ᜢᐒڋޑࡌҥǴՠӧၸѐϖΜԃٰǴ၀Ӧ୔ᝄख़Ъीฝ܄ၴϸΓ៾ޑ ՉࣁࠅቫрόጁǶ¹⁵⁷ᗨฅ܎΍ऍࢪ࣬ᜢΓ៾ϦऊύǴԖ೚ӭ៾ճߥምޑ೛

ीǴࢂࣁΑٛЗঁΓᎁڙ᝾ჸǵै໗کϦӅ៾࠶ޑॐ্ǶฅԶǴ೭٤ॐ্ϝ

࡭ុόᘐޑӧ೚ӭ܎΍ऍࢪ୯ৎวғǴջߡ೭٤୯ৎ೿ς೯ၸΓ៾ϦऊǴՠ

156 ླྀ໡൛ǵഋЎ፵᝿ǴThomas Buergenthal, Dinah Shelton and David P. Stewart ๱ǴȠ୯ሞΓ៾ཷ

ᢀȡ(International Human Rights in a Nutshell) (ᆵчǺ୯ҥጓ᝿ᓔᆶॡդ୯ሞрހԖज़ϦљǴ 2007)Ǵ। 215-228Ƕ

157 ଯቺྍ᝿ǴDavid P. Forsythe ๱ǴȠΓ៾ᆶ୯ሞᜢ߯ȡ(Human Rights in International Relations) (ᆵ чǺѶඵЎϯ٣཰Ԗज़ϦљǴ2002)Ǵ। 202Ƕ

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Γ៾ߟ্ޑୢᚒϝؒԖׯ๓ޑᖿ༈Ƕ¹⁵⁸

David P. Forsythe ੝ձࡰрΟ໨߳ज़܎΍ऍࢪӦ୔ޑ୔ୱ܄Γ៾ว৖Ǵ ϩձࢂᐕўᖿ༈ǵ೚ӭ୯ৎϣ೽๭मޑقՉό΋ǵऍ୯ӧհᏯය໔ࣁٛЗ᝵

ᖄهϯ၀୔ԶჴՉൎ୹ࡹ฼ǶඤقϐǴ൩ऍࢪӦ୔ϐΓ៾ޑޔௗߥៈԶقǴ ऍࢪ୯ৎಔᙃޑਏૈᗋࢂၨࣁᖓ১ǴЬाচӢࢂӢࣁ၀୔ୱ္ޑ୯ৎǴදၹ ჹऍ୯ޑΚໆགډ৮ឨϐࡺǶ¹⁵⁹

ӢԜǴᏃᆅ܎΍ऍࢪςԖ୔ୱΓ៾ߥምᐒڋǴՠ܎΍ऍࢪӚ୯Γ៾ߥም ޑပჴǴϝԖᒘ୯ሞߚࡹ۬ಔᙃޑڐշᆶᅱ࿎Ǵ੝ձࢂ྽೚ӭ܎ऍ୯ৎᎁ೹

ै٣ࡹᡂਔǴऍࢪ୯ৎ໔Γ៾ہ঩཮аϷऍࢪ୯ৎ໔Γ៾ݤଣǴۘคݤֹӄ ऊ״܈ڋຊैࡹ۬ჹځϦ҇ޑΓ៾ॐ্ǶԶࣁံк܎΍ऍࢪӦ୔Γ៾ᐒᄬᙍ

ૈޑόىǴ୯ሞΓ៾ߚࡹ۬ಔᙃத௦ҔȨᗺӜះೢǴуаಚଋȩ(naming and shaming)ޑ฼ౣǴᙖԜЇଆ୯ሞᗈፕǴჹ၀୯ࡼᓸǶ¹⁶⁰ ԶߏΦаٰǴ୯ሞ

੝೨ಔᙃεӭ௦ڗ၀БԄǴаၲԋځΓ៾Ҟ኱Ǵჹ၀୔ޑΓ៾ว৖ଅ᝘ؼӭǶ

ࣁ຾΋؁ᔠຎ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧ܎΍ऍࢪޑΓ៾௢ቶǴҁፕЎӧಃΒ࿯ஒ ᆫขඵճᆶߓਥ׊ैࡹ۬ਔයޑΓ៾ߟ্ୢᚒǴ٠ӧಃΟ࿯௖૸୯ሞ੝೨ಔ ᙃӧٿ୯ޑڀᡏբࣁǶҁፕЎа୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃǵඵճکߓਥ׊Ǵբࣁ୯ሞߚ

ࡹ۬ಔᙃᆶ܎΍ऍࢪΓ៾௢ቶޑࣴزჹຝϐচӢӧܭǺ

ߓਥ׊ᆶඵճӕࣁࠄᒷ୯ৎǴ୯β࣬ᎃǴЎϯङඳ࣬՟ǶЀځٿ୯ӧ 1970 ԃжǴ೿ᐕ࿶ै٣ࡹᡂǴځࡕҗैࡹ۬಍ݯǴҭԖόؼޑΓ៾૶ᒵǶ

158ླྀ໡൛ǵഋЎ፵᝿ǴThomas Buergenthal, Dinah Shelton and David P. Stewart ๱ǴȠ୯ሞΓ៾ཷᢀȡ (International Human Rights in a Nutshell) (ᆵчǺ୯ҥጓ᝿ᓔᆶॡդ୯ሞрހԖज़ϦљǴ2007)Ǵ

। 267Ƕ

159 ፎୖ᎙Ǻଯቺྍ᝿ǴDavid P. Forsythe ๱ǴȠΓ៾ᆶ୯ሞᜢ߯ȡ(Human Rights in International Relations) (ᆵчǺѶඵЎϯ٣཰Ԗज़ϦљǴ2002)Ǵ। 204-205Ƕ

160ֆৎࡡǵБ઒ޱ᝿ǴJoseph S. Nye, Jr.๱ǴȠࢋ܄៾Κȡ(Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics) (ᆵчǺᇻࢬрހ٣཰ިҽԖज़ϦљǴ2006 ԃ)Ǵ। 156Ƕ

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ᗨฅᏢࣚςόЮჹԜਔයߓਥ׊ᆶඵճैࡹ۬Γ៾ߟ্Չࣁϐࣴز๱բǴՠ ଞჹ୯ሞߚࡹ۬ಔᙃǴ੝ձࢂ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧٿ୯բࣁϐᆕፕ܄ࣴزၨϿǶ ୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃӧߓਥ׊ᆶඵճैࡹ۬಍ݯਔයǴჹٿ୯ޑΓ៾ރݩԖߏයޑ ᜢݙǴΨ٬ҔӚᅿ฼ౣӛٿ୯ࡹ۬ࡼᓸǴ׆ఈᙖԜׯ๓ٿ୯ޑΓ៾ރݩǴё ᒏཱུڀଅ᝘ϐ୯ሞΓ៾ߚࡹ۬ಔᙃǴࡺಃΒ࿯ஒᆕᢀߓਥ׊ᆶඵճैࡹ۬ޑ Γ៾ߟ্ǴаճಃΟ࿯௖૸୯ሞ੝೨ಔᙃଞჹैࡹ۬ၴϸΓ៾܌଺рӣᔈᆶ Չ୏Ƕ

ಃΒ࿯ ߓਥ׊ᆶඵճޑΓ៾ߟ্ୢᚒ

ࠄᒷӚ୯ӧհᏯය໔දၹӸӧैࡹ۬ߟ্Γ៾ޑୢᚒǴՠӧӚ୯ࣣคཀ܈ค Κ൩ᒤޑ௃ݩΠǴ੿࣬ፓࢗکӄ҇کှΨ൩ᜤаᄇۭǶ¹⁶¹ ЀځǴឦܭࠄᒷ୯ৎ ϐߓਥ׊ᆶඵճǴࣣӧ 1970 ԃжؒԖϣᏯҭคୖᆶ୯ሞᏯݾޑङඳΠǴԖᝄख़ ޑΓ៾ၴϸǶ¹⁶²1976 ԃԿ 1983 ԃ໔Ǵߓਥ׊ࣁ஑ڋैࡹ۬಍ݯǴैࡹ۬ӧԜය ໔ҍΠߓਥ׊ў΢നεےϐΓ៾ߟ্૶ᒵǶඵճ߾ӧ 1973 ԃԿ 1990 ԃǴҭڙࡼ

Չଯᓸࡹ฼ޑैࡹ۬಍ݯǴЪӧ೭ΜΎԃύǴඵճैࡹ۬ΨҍΠ೚ӭၴϸΓ៾ޑ ՉࣁǶΠӈࢤပஒϩձཷᢀߓਥ׊ᆶඵճޑΓ៾ߟ্ୢᚒǴځࡕǴᆕፕٿ୯Γ៾

ୢᚒϐ౦ӕǶ

൘ǵߓਥ׊ैࡹ۬ޑΓ៾ߟ্(1976-1983)

1930 ԃжଆǴߓਥ׊р౜ैΓᆶЎΓҬඹ୺ࡹޑֽय़ǴӢԜӧߓਥ׊

ޑ҇Ьϯ຾ำύǴैΓჹЎΓࡹ۬ۈಖᆢ࡭࣬྽ޑ࠶ુǴу΢ैБ࡭ុඝԖ

ࡹݯ៾ΚᆶၗྍǴΨӢԜশΠ 1976 ԃैΓว୏ࡹᡂǴϷैࡹ۬ߟ্Γ៾ޑ

161 ߋ࿩ᝆǴȠவࡹݯѦҬቫय़࣮ࠄᒷرᡳՉ୏ЇวϐΓ៾ݾ᝼ȡ(ᆵчǺӑڅрހԖज़ϦљǴ2002

ԃ)Ǵ। 6Ƕ

162 Sonia Cardenas, Human Rights in Latin America: A Politics of Terror ad Hope (Phliadephia:

University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010), 56.

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ᅾਥǶ

1970 ԃжёᒏߓਥ׊߻܌҂ԖޑࡹݯኪΚਔයǶ1976 ԃǴߓਥ׊҇ᒧ ᕴ಍نໜ(Juan Perón)ѐШǴୋᕴ಍Ҳಮنᅟ(Isabel Perón)ࡪᏦݤᝩҺࣁᕴ

಍ǶՠҲಮنᅟᕴ಍Ж٫ޑ୺ࡹૈΚǴठ٬ߓਥ׊࿶ᔮ૰ଏǴӢԶЇวӚࣚ

όᅈǶӕԃ 3 Д 24 ВǴ߻ഌै΢ஒ᚟ቺ܎ว୏ै٣ࡹᡂǴ௢ᙌ҇ᒧࡹ۬Ǵ ٠ӧࡹᡂԋфࡕǴᝢಔै٣୺ࡹი(military junta)Ǵࡌҥै٣ᐱຊࡹ៾Ǵߓਥ

׊ޗ཮ڙډै٣࠶៾ࡹᡏᝄ਱௓ڋǶैࡹ۬ޑமฯբ॥Ǵᐟଆፏӭ҇౲மਗ਼ όᅈǴ຾ԶЇวӚࣚל᝼Ǵैࡹ۬ᒿջ৖໒аȨሮᠢᏯݾȩ(Dirty War)ࣁӜ ޑᓸڋՉ୏Ǵᙼᓸל᝼҇౲ᆶ᏾๘౦ρǶ

1976 ԃԿ 1983 ԃޑሮᠢᏯݾǴ٬ߓਥ׊Γ҇Ⴋڙ೚ӭόӝ౛ޑॐ্Ǵ Ψ٬೚ӭΓคࡺ឴࣊Ƕ၈ӵᏢޣ Alison Brysk ܌قǴߓਥ׊ैࡹ۬ᙖҗሮᠢ Ꮿݾٰ༟೷୯ৎ৮܀ݗൎǴҞޑӧࡤᓵᆶ௓ڋߓਥ׊ޗ཮Ƕ୯ৎ৮܀ᡛᅯΑ ߓਥ׊ޑࡹݯࢲ୏Ǵख़༟Γ҇ޑࡹݯཀ᛽Ǵ٬ඓ៾ޣ៾Κനεϯǹќ΋Бय़Ǵ Ѭ༟೷Ϧ҇ԾᜫܺவޑᄊࡋǶᇙ೷৮܀ޑҞޑό໻ࣁΑ௓ڋΨࣁΑׯᡂޗ཮

Չࣁޣ…Ьाޑቹៜӧౢғ΋ᅿขቾޑݗൎǵ΋ᅿ৮܀ޑЎϯǶ¹⁶³

ӢԜǴࣁᇙ೷୯ৎ৮܀ǴჴՉଯᓸ಍ݯǴߓਥ׊ैࡹ۬ӧځ୺ࡹਔයǴ ว୏εೕኳЪس಍܄ޑΓ៾ߟ্Չ୏Ǵԑӧᐋҥ࠶៾۔ႻᡏسǶӧԜङඳ ΠǴ୯ৎ୺Չہ঩཮ (Poder Ejecutivo Nacional, PEN)௤៾ै໗ᆶ᝾ჸᡏس୺

Չ௟ᑲ౦ρޑࡹݯीฝǴ٠গღߓਥ׊Γ҇ޑϦ҇ᆶࡹݯ៾ճǵএ่Ꮶݤǵ ᜢഈ᝼཮ǵ৮ᓵπ཮Ǵ൩ೱљݤᐒᜢҭೀܭଶᘍރᄊǶ¹⁶⁴ै᝾س಍ᙹۓޑ౦

᝼ ҽ η Ǵ х ࡴ ن ໜ ࢴ ޑ Ѱ ᖀ ෞ ᔐ ໗ (Movimiento Peronista Montonero, MPM)ǵΓ҇ॠڮै(Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo, ERP)ǴаϷϸࡹ۬ޑ

163 Alison Brysk, The Politics of Human Rights in Argentina (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1994), 10-11.

164 Alison Brysk, “The Politics of Measurement: The Contested Count of the Disappeared in Argentina,” Human Rights Quarterly 16 (November 1994): 679.

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ࡓৣǵΓ៾ঀ᝼ޣǵᏢޣکᏢғǴаϷ܌Ԗᆶ΢ॊΓγ࣬ᜢޑΓǶԶैࡹ۬

௦ڗޑූሉЋࢤхࡴமॐѨᙫǵ࿹ࢎǵߚݤᅱ࿣ǵሉӉکᒉఠǶ

ӧ΢ॊЋࢤύǴैࡹ۬നத٬ҔޑΓ៾ߟ্БԄࣁȨமॐѨᙫȩǶҗै

᝾ಔԋޑݓးიᡏǴ೯தӧъڹமՉᚃΕ҇ӻǴ࿹ࢎЋคκ៓ޑϦ҇Ƕ೭٤

೏࿹ࢎޑϦ҇ᒿջ೏ଌ۳ઝஏᅱ࿣ύЈǴᆶѦࣚ႖๊Ǵ຾Զ೏ࡼуሉӉǴࣗ

ԿᒉఠǶε೽ϩڙ্ޣޑࡁᡏ೏กϯǵకࡁܭੇύ܈໶ရ஢Ǵैࡹ۬߾ჹѦ ցᇡ೭٤ΓޑӸӧǶନԜϐѦǴैࡹ۬ӕਔ຾ՉȨس಍܄նᓻȩޑीฝǴ၀

ीฝх຺֖ਂѫ஁ǴޔԿځғౢǴ܈࿹ࢎ౦᝼ҽηޑᓻ࠸Ƕځࡕஒ೭٤ᓻ࠸

Ҭҗैࡹ۬ϣ೽Γγ܈යܻ϶Ϸᒃ௏ߚݤሦᎦǶ¹⁶⁵

ӧैࡹ۬಍ݯޑΎԃ໔Ǵ՗ीऊԖ 10,000 Կ 30,000 ΓѨᙫǶ΋ҽ 1980 ԃऍ୯ᎫѲەՆᒍථ(Bueno Aires)ε٬ᓔޑЎҹҭᡉҢǴैࡹ۬ୃӳаȨம ॐѨᙫȩБԄ᏾๘౦ρǶ΋Бय़ନΑٛЗڙ্ޣޑᒃឦൔൺǴќ΋Бय़߾ࢂ

ࣁΑ׹๊୯ሞᗈፕᓸΚǶ¹⁶⁶᚟ቺ܎ᕴ಍ڕҺࡕǴ२ԛӧߓਥ׊૶ޣ Ceferino Reato ޑೖୢύڶ܍Ǵ1976 ԃԿ 1983 ԃ໔ǴԿϿԖ 8,000 Ӝߓਥ׊Γ೏ఠǴ дॺޑࡁᡏ೏ઝஏ௝শ܈ก྄ǴٛЗЇଆ׳ӭ୯ϣѦޑל᝼Ƕ¹⁶⁷

1984 ԃࡹ៾፺ඹǴཥҺࡹ۬ᔈΓ҇ा؃ԋҥ੿࣬ፓࢗہ঩཮ (the Argentine National Commission on the Disappeared, CONADEP)Ǵہ঩཮ޑፓ

ࢗൔ֋᛾ჴǴӧ 1975 ԃԿ 1983 ԃǴӧߓਥ׊Ԗ߈ 90,000 ӜԝΫᆶѨᙫޣ (CONADEP 1984)ǴԶε೽ϩޑѨᙫޣ೿ӧ 1976 ԃ-1977 ԃ໔೏ఠǶ¹⁶⁸

165 Alison Brysk, “The Politics of Measurement: The Contested Count of the Disappeared in Argentina,” Human Rights Quarterly 16 (November 1994): 680.

166 Antonius C. G. M. Robben, “State Terror in the Netherworld: Disappearance and Reburial in Argentina,” in Jeffrey A. Sluka ed., Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror (Philadelphia:

University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000), 93-95.

167 Ceferino Reato, Diposición Final: La Confesión de Videla Sobre los Desaparecidos (Buenos Aires:

SUDAMERICANA, 2012).

168 Kathryn Sikkink, “From Pariah State to Global Protagonist: Argentina and the Struggle for International Human Rights,” Latin American Politics and Society 50 (Spring 2008): 4.

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ມǵඵճैࡹ۬ϐΓ៾ߟ্(1973-1990)

1973 ԃǴඵճӧ҇ᒧᕴ಍ߓೱቺ(Salvador Allende)ޑሦᏤΠǴࡼՉޗ཮

Ьကࡹ฼ǶฅԶǴߓೱቺᕴ಍΋سӈޑ࿶ᔮׯॠǴࠅคݤׯ๓ඵճޑ࿶ᔮރ ݩǴϸԶ٬ልሽזೲΠຳǴ׳Їวൾ܄೯೤ᑩ๞ک୘ࠔอલǴठ٬ඵճ࿶ᔮ ຳပكۭǶӕԃ 9 Д 11 ВǴӧ୯ϣࡹ࿶ֽय़ഐΕ΋Тష໶ϐሞǴഌैᕴљ зҜᒍࠨӧऍ୯ύѧ௃ൔֽჿࡕ฼୏ΠǴ¹⁶⁹ሦᏤै໗ว୏ै٣ࡹᡂǴ٠ࡰච

ै໗хൎᕴ಍۬ǴԶߓೱቺ߾ӧᕴ಍۬߻ၶᜤǴඵճ߾൩ԜوΕߏၲ 17 ԃ ޑै٣ᐱຊਔයǶ

Ҝᒍࠨӧै٣ࡹᡂԋфࡕǴᒿջԋҥҗഌǵੇǵޜैᆶᏦծӚ΋Ӝж߄

܌ಔԋޑѓᖀैࡹ۬Ǵ΋Бय़ࡌҥ۔Ⴛ࠶៾ᡏسǴ຾ՉཥԾҗЬကޑ࿶ᔮׯ ॠǴ٬ඵճ࿶ᔮזೲԋߏǴ஥ሦඵճوр࿶ᔮե଎ǹՠќ΋Бय़Ǵࠅූሉޑ Ѻᓸ౦ρǴࡼՉس಍܄کቶݱ܄ޑΓ៾ߟ্Ƕ

ࣁԖਏ௓ڋޗ཮Ǵैࡹ۬࠹ѲಖЗ୺ՉᏦݤǵှණ୯཮ᆶࡹលǵज़ڋق ፕԾҗǴ٠࿣З΋ϪϦӅࢲ୏ǶӕਔǴࣁΑזೲඓඝ៾ΚǴখԋҥޑैࡹ۬

ӧ΋ຼϐϣǴջᙖҗґှѰࢴಔᙃǵࡹលǴ຺ਂ࣬ᜢሦᏤΓǴхࡴΑߓೱቺ

ࡹ۬Ьाޑ೽ߏǵ៝ୢکჿႻ฻Ǵ٠ࡼаሉӉ܈ೀ،Ǵ೷ԋ҇౲Ј౛΢ޑ৮ ឨǶ¹⁷⁰

ځࡕǴඵճैࡹ۬ࣁΑࡹ៾ޑӸុǴϩձӧόӕਔයԋҥΑᙼᓸಔᙃǴ ΨԋࣁԖीฝߟ্Γ៾ޑ୯ৎኪΚൂՏǴፏӵै٣௃ൔൂՏ(El Servicio de Inteligencia Militar)ǵੇै௃ൔൂՏ(Servicio de Inteligencia Naval)ǵ᝾ჸ௃ൔ

ൂՏ(El Servicio de Inteligencia de Carabineros)ǵޜै௃ൔൂՏ(El Servicio de

169 ӛᗱǴȨ྽߻܎΍ऍࢪว৖ޑӒᐒᆶᙯᐒȩǴȠӄౚࡹݯຑፕȡǴಃΐය (2005 ԃ 1 Д)Ǵ। 125Ƕ

170 ፎୖ᎙Ǻߋ࿩ᝆǴȨҜᒍࠨਔжඵճϐΓ៾ݾ᝼Ϸځว৖ȩǴȠୢᚒᆶࣴزȡǴಃ 38 ڔಃ 4 ය (҇

୯ 88 ԃ 4 Д)Ǵ। 41ǹ “Víctimas: Desarrollo Cronológico,”

ɦhttp://www.derechoschile.com/espanol/victima2.htmɧ (accessed January 12, 2014).

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Inteligencia de la Fuerza Aérea) ǵ୯ৎ௃ൔ ֽ (La Dirección Nacional de Inteligencia)ǵᖄӝ੝ᇾ໗(El Comando Cinjunto)ǵ୯ৎፓࢗύЈ(La Central Nacional de Informaciones) ǵ ᝾ ჸ ௃ ൔ ࡰ ච ύ Ј (La Dirección de Comunicaciones de Carabineros)ᆶଭဓྷൔൺ੝ᇾ໗(Comando de Vengadores de Martires)฻Ƕ¹⁷¹

ैࡹ۬٠ᙹۓ੝ۓΓ៾ߟ্ჹຝǴхࡴߓೱቺࢴϐΓ҇ᖄӝତጕࡹ۬

(Popular Unity Coalition of Socialists and Communists)ޑሦᏤޣکӝբჹຝǵ Γ҇ᖄӝତጕࡹ۬ޑӕ௃ޣ܈࣬ᜢ༮ᅪҍǵѰࢴࡹលޑԋ঩کሦᏤΓǵπ཮

ሦᏤΓϷԋ঩ǵໂ׸ၭ཰ׯॠሦᏤΓکӕ௃ޣǵ΢ॊ೏ଓጒჹຝޑৎ৥ک϶

Γҭ೏ӈࣁ༮ᅪҍǵैࡹ۬ࡰೢ٠ᚶᅪޑЎϯπբޣǵޕ᛽ҽηǵεᏢ௲௤

ϷᏢғǵϸჹै٣ࡹᡂ܈౜Չࡹ฼ޑ౜ҺैΓϷ߻ै٣ሦᏤΓǶ¹⁷² ЪਥᏵ म୯ᝤғᗋޣޑ᛾ຒǴैࡹ۬ନΑߟҍΑඵճϦ҇ޑ୷ҁΓ៾ǴҭமՉ຺ਂ

ᆶᅱ࿣Ѧ୯ΓγǴѝӢдॺමӧϦৎᐒᜢ୍ܺǴ܈ޣමୖᆶϸैࡹ۬ޑၯՉ Ң࠶Ƕ¹⁷³

Զैࡹ۬ჹΓ҇ޑΓ៾ߟ্ǴόՠхࡴঁΓΓ៾ǴҭੋϷ໣ᡏΓ៾Ƕځ ύǴҺཀ຺ਂǵܥ࿣ǵமڋѨᙫǵ҂ղ،ޑՉӉǵϷᡏᄳ،ǵց،ჹै٣ݤ

৥ղ،ޑ΢ນǵӁఠǵܫ೴ǵᇾଌǵ࿹ࢎǵ৮ᓵǵҾკᒉఠǵ࠶ુԿԝǵம ՉᚃΕ҇ӻǵխᙍǵᅱຎǴࣣࣁҜᒍࠨࡹ៾ߟ্Γ៾ᄍـޑЋࢤǶ೭٤όΓ ၰޑЋࢤό໻ߟҍғӸ៾ճǵΓي៾ճǵঁΓӼӄޑ៾ճǴҭߟҍঁΓۚՐ

ࡺβޑ៾ճǶ¹⁷⁴

171 ߋ࿩ᝆǴȠவࡹݯѦҬቫय़࣮ࠄᒷرᡳՉ୏ЇวϐΓ៾ݾ᝼ȡ(ᆵчǺӑڅрހԖज़ϦљǴ2002

ԃ)Ǵ। 18Ƕ

172 ߻ඟਜǴ। 19Ƕ

173 “BBC News -Testimony: Detainee remembers Chile 1973,”

ɦhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/special_report/1998/10/98/the_pinochet_file/198743.stmɧ(accessed January 12, 2014).

174 ߋ࿩ᝆǴȠவࡹݯѦҬቫय़࣮ࠄᒷرᡳՉ୏ЇวϐΓ៾ݾ᝼ȡ(ᆵчǺӑڅрހԖज़ϦљǴ2002

ԃ)Ǵ। 22Ƕ

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җ΢ॊёளǴҜᒍࠨ܌ሦᏤޑ۔Ⴛ࠶៾ࡹᡏǴᝄख़ޑၴϸ΋୯ᔈߥምΓ

҇ޑ୷ҁΓ៾ǶЪ໻໻ӧ 1973 ԃǴ൩Ԗऊ 2,000 ΓԝܭᏯݾہ঩཮௤៾ޑ ݤѦೀ،(extra-judicial)ǵݓးፂँᆶሉӉǹ1,200 Γ೏຺ਂǵࡼуሉӉᆶம ॐѨᙫǹ12,000 Γ൨؃д୯ε٬ᓔ׈ៈǹஒ߈ 200,000 Γ೏ॐࢬΫੇѦǹԿ ϿԖ 100,000 ΓӢࡹݯӢન೏ှ໤Ƕ¹⁷⁵ԶਥᏵඵճࡹ۬ޑ۔БፓࢗǴ1973 ԃډ 1990 ԃΜΎԃ໔ǴޔௗӢҜᒍࠨΠзԶᎁೀ،ޣࣁ 2,095 ΓǴѨᙫޣ ࣁ 1,102 ΓǶ¹⁷⁶ ฅԶǴऩᆶ΢ॊ 1973 ԃޑኧᏵ࣬КǴёว౜Ǵჴሞ΢ޑѨ ᙫ܈ၶᜤޑڙ্ޣǴёૈᇻᇻຬр۔Бޑ಍ीኧᏵǶ

1973 ԃԿ 1990 ԃࣁඵճΓ៾ў΢ޑ໵སਔයǴඵճޑै٣ࡹᡂϷ۳ࡕ Ӣ୯ৎӼӄԵໆ܌़ғޑΓ៾ݾ᝼Ǵςԋࣁ୯ሞޗ཮ݙҞޑჹຝǶ1989 ԃǴ ඵճӧ୯ϣѦޑᓸΚΠǴᖐՉᕴ಍εᒧǶύ໔ୃѰඵճ୷࿎௲҇Ьល(Partido Demócrata Cristiano de Chile)ޑՆᅟЎ(Patricio Aylwin Azócar)គளεᒧǴ 1990 ԃௗඹҜᒍࠨрҺᕴ಍Ǵ่״ඵճߏၲ 17 ԃޑै٣ᐱຊ಍ݯǶҜᒍࠨ ڕҺࡕǴځҺϣᆶځលԳҍΠϐᅿᅿΓ៾ߟ্ޑ٣ჴǴٯӵै٣ࡹᡂޑՈည Ћݤǵࡹᡂࡕޑ᏾๘౦ρǵό᏷Ћࢤޑ࠶៾಍ݯǵॐόளςޑࡹ࿶ᛙۓ௛ࡼǴ ΏԿܭ҇ЬᙯࠠਔයޑԾߥЋࢤ฻Ǵ़ғр೚ӭΓ៾ݾ᝼Ǵځύੋਢै᝾ଯ ቫ٠ԋࣁӚࣚᖂ૸ޑჹຝǴҭԋࣁځд୯ৎǵ୯ሞಔᙃǴаϷ୯ϣѦΓ៾ಔ ᙃ܌ᜢݙޑขᗺǶ¹⁷⁷

在文檔中國際特赦組織在阿根廷與智利之人權推廣作為 - 政大學術集成 (頁 60-81)

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