結 語

自從二次大戰以來，由於合成化學農藥與化學肥料的過度使用，造成環 境汚染以及影響人畜安全等問題。很多國家都競相研發少用化學農藥與善用 有機肥料的新農業耕種技術，其中以提倡有機作物栽培最受關注。但是這種 不使用化學農藥的作物栽培方法，往往無法解决病害猖獗的問題，因此必需 開發作物病害非農藥防治技術以因應有機作物栽培的需求。本文所討論到的 使用健康種子，抗病品種，輪作栽培和生物防治等都是屬於非農藥病害防治 方法。雖然它們對有機農業會有貢獻，可是這些技術的研發和應用都可能有 瓶頸問題，必需設法解决。例如良好的輪作栽培制度和高抗病性作物品種都 是防治作物病害最佳手段，但是這些技術的開發時間長和費用高，因此必需 仰賴政府研究機構的支持才能有效執行。

有些病害非農藥防治技術的研究可能會帶來商機，例如開發種子病害快 速檢測技術和生物防治劑等。我國已經成為世界貿易組織（WTO）的一員，

農產品的進出口貿易會更加頻繁，因此在防檢疫的工作，亟須研發精確而快 速的檢測技術，如分子探針、選擇性培養基等等，才能滿足防檢疫人員進行 快速檢測的需求。這種新檢驗技術的研究、開發與應用課題，給檢疫人員與 研究人員帶來的不只是一種挑戰，而且也是一種機會。又開發每一種新技術 都要進行風險評估才能决定該技術的應用潛能和開發價值。例如很多生物防 治研究者，一旦發現某一微生物具有防治病害的效果，不經風險評估就急於 將它大量生產和應用。這種研發態度與手段是相當危險的，因為開發一種新 的生物防治劑，其繁雜與困難的程度可能不亞於開發一種新的化學農藥。顯 然，有了健全的風險評估資料，可以提高廠商的信心與開發生物防治產品的 意願。

誌 謝

黃鴻章現任行政院農委會農業試驗所生物技術組客座研究員，國科會補助計劃項目 NSC97-2811-B-055-001。

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