與2007-08。一些基本的統計資料來自年度 AMS-IMSSIAM 針對 博士候選人的調查。在 2004~2008 年間所有數學科學的博士畢業 生之中,共有 787 位(15%)進入業界。其中有 426 位(54%)
的論文與統計相關, 361 位(46%)的論文與數學相關。最常出 現的數學領域是應用數學(10%)與機率(9%),請參閱表1。
需注意的是,這些數字的參考來源為 AMS-IMS-SIAM 資料中被業 界聘僱的博士。
我們原本想對以上資料中所有的博士進行電子郵件調查。但資料 中或是網路搜尋來的電子郵件地址,只有 40% 有效。網路調查
All Survey
Area of Degree % %
statistics 54 39
applied mathematics 10 18
probability 9 5
discrete mathematics 6 4
algebra 5 4
numerical analysis 5 5
differential equations 4 2
optimization 3 5
geometry 3 4
analysis 2 5
other 0 4
Table 1: Degrees of all hires 2004-2008 and those in the survey
的回收率為30%,與類似調查相符。因此我們不宣稱實驗結果有統計上的顯著意
根據 AMS-IMS-SIAM 年度報告的數據,
我們將僱主大略歸類到不同的產業。金 Microsoft Research 等不屬於這兩類的 公司,每年也平均聘用兩位博士。表 2 的
雖然我們沒有調查在政府機關任職的博士,透過這些畢業生的 AMS-IMS-SIAM 相關資料我們還是能對他們的研究背景以及僱主做出分析。研究結果指出,
在政府機關任職的畢業生的研究領域與進入業界的博士相似,多數集中在統 計、應用數學、數值分析、微分方程與離散數學(人數依此順序)。主要僱主 包括了 FDA、NSA、NIH、洛斯阿拉莫斯國家實驗室(Los Alamos National Laboratory)、桑迪亞國家實驗室 (Sandia National Laboratories)、其他國
Total Stat Math Survey
Employers % hires % hires % hires % hires
aerospace and defense
3.4 0.2 7.2 9.4
business services 14.2 15.0 13.3 5.7
engineering and scientific service
s
4.2 1.9 6.9 5.7
fi
nance and insurance30.4 21.1 41.3 28.3
pharmaceutical and
med
icaldevices
28.2 50.7 1.7 18.8
software 5.0 1.6 5.8 20.8
researc h and development
4.3 3.1 8.9 0.0
Table 2: Top employers 2004-2008 by broad industry classification.
Statistics and mathematics are broken out separately. The last column is the employers from the survey.
家實驗室,以及美國退伍軍人事務部(U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs)。
Rationalefor Taking a Job in Industry %
higher compensation 66
opportunities for career advancement 52 experience withindustrial internships or programs 48
intellectual challenge 32
had a job in industry 32
Table 3: Rationale for joining industry
Very Satisfied/Satisfied with % compensation and benefits 88
lifestyle 80
intellectual challenge 74
opportunities for career advancement 72 opportunities for scientific growth 56
Table 4: Satisfaction with aspects of the job
軟體的企業比例有下降的趨勢(1996 年的
Group Mission %
engineering 9
investment/trading 11
modeling 15
analysis/finance 9
research in engineering/science 16 softwaredevelopment 13
statistics 16
business strategy 11
Table 5: Mission of groups from survey
Job Title %
statistician 17
analyst/ modeler 20
research er 21
management 15
consultant 9
engineer 7
softwaredeveloper/programming 11 Table 6a: Job titles from survey
Primary Job Function %
computer Science 7
consulting 6
engineering 10
modeling 17
operations research 1
scientific programming 6
software development 8
statistics 33
strategy 7
other 6
Table 6b: Primary job function for respondents (“other” includes financial trading, business analysis, technical support)
調查中的博士
與先前的調查相比,此調查較少有應答者把「建模與模擬」視作 Rated essential/important Survey MII96
%
statistics 61 51
probability 60 50
applied mathematics 56 modeling and simulation 49
numerical analysis 42 65
optimization 38 38
discrete mathematics 30 26
differential equations 29 50 Table 7: Percent of mathematical specialty rated as an essential or important
requirement for their job. Multiple answers allowed. Comparison to MII96 included.
-%
Essential/important to annual review
%
mathematical models 67
software development 43
presentations to management 64 preparation of internal reports 59 presentations to customers 53 presentations at conferences 39 publication in the open literature 29 Table 8: Percent of respondents rating task outcomes as essential or important for their review
我們的調查也詢問近年的畢業生,請他們為考慮進入業界的研究生提供建議。我
4 對研究所教育的看
車、AT&T、Intel、Akamai、HP Labs、Google、Solidworks 等公司。同樣 的,工作坊已被證明能成功將學術知識轉移至業界,也能讓學生獲得解決產業問 題的經驗。居於領先的包括將數學問題納入討論的許多美國產業工作坊,解決 產業問題的加拿大亞太數學科學學院(Pacific Institute for the Mathematical Sciences,簡稱PIMS)與歐洲產業讀書會 (European Study Groups with Industry)。 他科系。美國萊斯大學(Rice University)的計算與應用數學系(Computational and Applied Mathematics,簡稱CAAM)自 2004 至 2008 年一共將 20 位中的 8 位畢業生(40%)送進業界,
自 2009 至 2010年 9 位畢業生更有 7 位進入業界。以下是該系系主任 麥錫爾斯 ‧ 漢肯斯克洛斯 ( Matthias Heinkenschoss)的一些想法:
提倡雙導師制的
Trainingin another discipline
%
programming 65
scientific computing 35 other computer science 28 scientific discipline 58 business discipline 29 engineering discipline 9
other discipline 4
Table 9: Percent of respondents with training in another discipline