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圖1 台灣梅花鹿雄鹿 Moan 聲譜圖。Moan 由 Part I 與 Part II 兩部分組成連續發 出，分別測量其持續時間(duration)以及開始、中心、結束三處與平均的尖峰 頻率(peak frequency)與主頻率(fundamental frequency)。
圖2 台灣梅花鹿雄鹿 Howl 聲譜圖。Howl 由數個音節(syllable)組成，以各音節為 一樣本測量其持續時間(duration)及開始、中心、結束三處與平均的尖峰頻率 (peak frequency)與主頻率(fundamental frequency)。
0 20 40 60 80 100
10/18 11/2 11/17 12/2 12/17 1/1 日期
% Moan
Howl
圖 3 台灣梅花鹿兩種類型吼叫聲比例月變化 圖。2006 年 10 月至 2007 年 1 月間 社頂地區台灣梅花鹿發情期叫聲類型與數量，圖中各點代表該類型吼叫聲於 該日所有吼叫聲中所佔的比例。
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 時間 (時)
次數
圖 4 社頂地區台灣梅花鹿 Moan 吼叫聲日變化。2006 年 10 月至 2007 年 1 月間 共 8 次 24 小時連續記錄，各點為各時段出現 Moan 的平均次數。
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 時間 (時)
次數
圖 5 社頂地區台灣梅花鹿 Howl 吼叫聲日變化。2006 年 10 月至 2007 年 1 月間 共 8 次 24 小時連續記錄，各點為各時段出現 Howl 的平均次數。
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
10/10 10/25 11/9 11/24 12/9 12/24 1/8 1/23 日期
次數
圖 6 社頂地區台灣梅花鹿 Moan 吼叫聲月變化。2006 年 10 月至 2007 年 1 月間 共 8 次 24 小時連續記錄，各點為各記錄日中出現 Moan 的總次數。
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
10/10 10/30 11/19 12/9 12/29 1/18 2/7 日期
次數
圖 7 社頂地區台灣梅花鹿 Howl 吼叫聲月變化。2006 年 10 月至 2007 年 1 月間 共 8 次 24 小時連續記錄，各點為各記錄日中出現 Howl 的總次數。
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
KM1 KM2 KM3 KM4 KM5 KM6a KM6b KM6c KM6d 優勢位序
發 情 行 為 次 數
圖 8 小墾丁渡假村雄鹿發情行為與其優勢位序之關聯，KMn 為各雄鹿之代號，
n 代表其位序，1 為位序最高者。
表 1 台灣梅花鹿 Moan 頻率實驗回播次數。喇叭 I 播放頻率升高的 Moan，喇叭 II 播放頻率降低的 Moan，共 5 個回合，每個回合間相隔 15 秒。
回合 喇叭 吼叫聲數量
1 I 2
II 2
2 I 3
II 3
3 I 4
II 4
4 I 2
II 2
5 I 2
II 2
表 2 台灣梅花鹿 Moan 吼叫率實驗回播次數。喇叭 Ⅲ播放吼叫率較高的 Moan，
喇叭 Ⅳ播放吼叫率較低的 Moan，共 5 個回合，每個回合間相隔 15 秒。
回合 喇叭 吼叫聲數量
1 Ⅲ 2
Ⅳ 1
2 Ⅲ 3
Ⅳ 1
3 Ⅲ 6
Ⅳ 2
4 Ⅲ 4
Ⅳ 1
5 Ⅲ 3
Ⅳ 1
表 3 台灣梅花鹿發情期吼叫聲之聲音特性 Moan Part I range
mean ±S.D.
astart peak frequency，開始尖峰頻率
bcentre peak frequency，中心尖峰頻率
cend peak frequency，結束尖峰頻率
dmean peak frequency，平均尖峰頻率
表 3(續) 台灣梅花鹿發情期吼叫聲之聲音特性
Moan Part I range mean ±S.D.
estart fundamental frequency ，開始主頻率
fcentre fundamental frequency ，中心主頻率
gend fundamental frequency ，結束主頻率
hmean fundamental frequency ，平均主頻率
表 4 小墾丁渡假村台灣梅花鹿雄鹿間競爭行為勝負關係表 ，KMn 為各雄鹿之代 號，n 代表其位序，1 為位序最高者。
KM1 KM2 KM3 KM4 KM5 KM6a KM6b KM6c KM6d total a
KM1 -- 17 15 15 16 5 2 5 1 76
KM2 1 -- 9 13 6 6 1 2 38
KM3 3 -- 2 20 11 7 43
KM4 1 1 2 -- 6 12 22
KM5 4 2 1 -- 17 2 6 2 34
KM6a -- 2 2
KM6b -- 0
KM6c 2 -- 2 4
KM6d -- 0
total b 2 25 28 31 48 51 9 20 5 219
a：勝場數 b：敗場數
表 5 台北市立動物園台灣梅花鹿雄鹿間競爭行為勝負關係表 ，KMn 為各雄鹿之 代號，n 代表其位序，1 為位序最高者。
ZM1 ZM2a ZM2b ZM2c total a
ZM1 -- 12 32 17 61
ZM2a -- 3 1 4
ZM2b 1 1 -- 2 4
ZM2c 1 1 1 -- 3
total b 2 14 36 20 72
a：勝場數 b：敗場數
表 6 小墾丁度假村與台北市立動物園之 台灣梅花鹿雄鹿以兩種類型吼叫聲對不 同對象之吼叫次數
Moan Howl
Male (%)
Female None Total Male Female None Total
小墾丁
(sec.) P value High (sec.)
Low
(sec.) P value Moan
Frequency 23.6±15.0 27.6±14.4 0.440 30.0±12.2 27.7±18.1 0.917 Howl
Frequency 10.0±11.2 14.2±12.0 0.249 1.2±1.1 6.0±6.2 0.059 Moan
Rate 35.3±20.8 15.7±19.1 0.027* 25.8±25.7 26.3±18.1 0.917 Howl
Rate 14.8±16.5 11.3±12.4 0.400 12.7±11.2 8.5±9.1 0.345
* P<0.05
表 8 各種聲音特徵於不同個體之差異，1-way ANOVA 以個體為變因進行分析 P value
duration Derive1a Derive2b SPFc CPFd EPFe MPFf SFFg CFFh EFFi MFFj Moan
Part I .746 .577 .015* .006* .044* <0.001* <0.001* <0.001* <0.001* <0.001* <0.001*
Moan
PartⅡ <0.001* .327 .351 <0.001* .007* .351 .150 .300 <0.001* <0.001* <0.001*
Howl <0.001* <0.001* .160 .001* <0.001* .025* <0.001* <0.001* <0.001* .088 <0.001*
* P<0.05
a(SPF-CPF)/duration
b(SPF-EPF)/duration
cstart peak frequency，開始尖峰頻率
dcentre peak frequency，中心尖峰頻率
eend peak frequency，結束尖峰頻率
fmean peak frequency，平均尖峰頻率
gstart fundamental frequency ，開始主頻率
hcentre fundamental frequency ，中心主頻率
iend fundamental frequency ，結束主頻率
jmean fundamental frequency ，平均主頻率