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在文檔中 1 Leisure Activities (頁 133-136)

1 在第一次世界大战前夕出生的人仍然记得看到身边经过的汽车就挥手的情景。那时,见到一辆汽车 就像观看游行一样令人兴奋、非同寻常。另一项新发明是飞机(“飞机”这个词当时被拼作aeroplane)。当 时的电冰箱只是些“冰箱”(icebox),而且有人专门夏天为冰箱送冰,冬天为火炉送炭。现在,送冰的人 就像铁匠一样只有在文学作品中才能找到。

2 如今,变化来得如此之快,以至于从业人员往往因其所从事的职业不复存在而被淘汰。知识以及变化 的速度都成几何级数增长。每一个想法都能引发出许多新的想法,而每一个新想法又接着引发更多的想法。

第一次世界大战前出生的这代人还没有来得及掌握那个时代的诸多发明便又面临一批更先进的发明的挑战。

原子时代始于1945年,确切地说是那一年的86日。接着,我们还没来得及喘息,太空时代便来到了。

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3 以前, 变化并不总是这样快。一些重要的发明,如电话、飞机、汽车和收音机,早在1914年以前就 已经问世。但直到许多年后,普通老百姓才感受到这些发明对他们的生活所产生的影响。而现在,我们的 技术足以开发出人们一时还接受不了的新机器。例如,我们的技术可以让人们通过电话付款,但即便有电 话的人也抵制这项技术。变化实在是太快了。人们不愿对着机器说话,尤其是当机器也能回话的时候。

4 有一点是肯定的,那就是技术,特别是计算机技术,将在越来越大的程度上控制我们的生活。这种 情况实际上并非一定就是有利的或者是不利的。如果变化来得慢一点,许多人可能会更容易接受。但另一 方面,对不少人来说,每一项新发明都像是一个新玩具。他们迫不及待地期待着下一个新发明的问世。科 学家们谈论人的非凡适应性时,他们想到的可能就是这些人。

5 但是每个人的适应能力都是有限的。一旦变化来得过快以至于我们不再能适应时,我们会怎样呢?

还是那些认为我们有非凡适应性的科学家们告诉我们,变化会在一定程度上给每个人造成情感上的痛苦。

那么,一旦变化迅速得使我们忍受不了这种痛苦从而拒绝变化的时候,我们又会怎样呢?

6 关于科技变化,我们读到过很多, 但那只是现代生活的一部分。从科学的发现到文化上的认可之间常 常存在着一个很长的滞后期。例如,查尔斯·达尔文在一百多年以前就提出了进化论,而且为好几代的严 肃学者所接受,但至今,许多大的社会群体仍然拒绝接受这一理论。这些人认为科学是与更高的宗教权威 相抵触的。在他们看来,科学在质疑、甚至破坏他们的信仰与文化。

7 这一问题很难得到解决,因为科学的本质是质疑,而人类的天性则不容怀疑他们所相信的东西。科 学不仅仅像化学、物理学或生物学那样,是门学科,科学还是一种看待世界的方法。这种方法要求人们思 想开明,持客观的态度以及根据观察和实验来获得证据。这是一种脱离宗教、种族、民族、经济、道德和 伦理的方法。它只注重研究的结果。这种科学方法已经给我们展示了无穷的奇迹和成就, 但是方法并无法提 供所有问题的答案。科学不能告诉我们是否应该投放炸弹:那是一个道德或政治问题。科学只能告诉我们 如何制造炸弹。

8 正如我们前面所说的,技术革新的速度越来越快。未来社会的变革将超过以往任何时代。作为一个 物种,我们人类能否在我们自己发起的变革中幸存下来呢?有大量的证据表明我们能。我们人类有巨大的 潜能,我们才刚刚开始开发、利用。例如,我们才刚刚开始控制环境。将来有一天,技术将使所有的沙漠 鲜花盛开。这的确不难。要做到这一点,我们只需要降低海水淡化的成本。接下来的问题是,如果沙漠变 成绿洲,它们能为我们不断增加的人口提供充足的粮食吗?很可能。最近,我们刚刚发现了集约式沙漠农 业的可能性。我们已经拥有的技术已能将产量提高10倍,并把用水量减少到从前的1/20

9 我们知道如何创造农业奇迹。我们需要的是时间和金钱,以便使这项技术能惠及到每个人。

10 19世纪,人们信仰进步。他们相信科学将带领他们进入一个无限繁荣、无比幸福的新时代。然 而,事情并没有像他们所想象的那样发展。两次灾难性的世界大战使人们确信了这一点。但是,我们在失 望时,在担心科学是将来某一天会毁灭我们的怪兽时,我们忘记了科学并不是怪兽,我们自己才是怪兽。

科学只是一个仆人,像火一样,如果利用得当,它将是个好仆人。

11 尽管现代世界存在着种种问题,但大多数人都不愿意生活在我们之前的任何一个科学欠发达的时代。

如果我们不在战争中毁灭自己——当然,我们说的是“如果”——未来只会更好。我们每年都将取得令人 目不暇接的科学进步:疾病得到根治,太空被征服,运输和通讯取得根本性的变革,农业和工业得到彻底 改造等等。对一些人来说,未来听起来令人兴奋;而对另一些人来说,则令人恐惧。但有一点是肯定的:

未来不会让人感到乏味。

135 Science and Technology

Exercises

Post-Reading

Reading Comprehension

1 1 before 2 automobiles 3 iceman 4 occupations 5 increases 6 Space 7 resist 8 ability 9 acceptance 10 adapt 11 innovations 12 miracles / achievements 13 properly 14 scientific 2 1 C 2 C 3 D 4 D 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 A

3 Sample

1 The major benefits science and technology have brought us:

• more advanced facilities and equipment in offices;

• higher yields in agriculture;

• a greater variety of and more nutritious food;

• more effective medicine and better medical treatment;

• a greater variety of entertainment;

• a higher standard of living and easier life;

• longer life span for human beings;

• easy access to information;

• more learning opportunities to secure life-long education.

2 The developments of science and technology have brought about some disasters, for example:

• more advanced and deadly weapons and thus more wars, more victims;

• pollution and destruction of nature and ecosystem;

• more people suffering from mental / emotional problems;

• higher rate of unemployment;

• more high-tech crimes and higher crime rate;

• more natural disasters caused by over-development.

3 • I think science is mainly a monster even though scientists never intend to make it this way.

Science enables people to develop weapons such as atomic bombs, nuclear bombs, chemical weapons, etc. More people thus have become victims of these evil inventions. People constantly live in fear. Science sometimes makes people crazy. Children are so carried away by those wonderfully made cartoons, computer games, etc. that they neglect their studies.

Many people believe we’re living a better life than before thanks to the advances in science and technology, but why do fewer people feel happy now? It seems true: No pain, no gain. So I prefer a simple natural life to a life full of artificial creations that have led to the destruction of the environment.

• I think science is mainly an angel. Science enables us to experience and enjoy many things that our forefathers didn’t even dream of. Because of science, we can know and view what is happening all over the world without leaving home. Thanks to modern communications, we can reach almost anyone in any place in the world. Life has become much easier than

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before. We can order food and do shopping at home. We can even receive education at home. It is science that has enriched our lives and improved our standard of living. We can enjoy most of the fruit or vegetables all the year round. We can visit any place in the world within days. Sitting in front of the computer, we can read, watch, work, study, play—to name but a few. All these would be impossible without modern science and technology.

Vocabulary

1 1 invent 2 avail 3 innovate 4 adapt 5 discover 6 accept 7 evolve 8 objective 9 observe 10 experiment 11 prosper 12 disaster 2 1 observation 2 available 3 discoveries 4 acceptance 5 experimentation

6 Inventions 7 evolution 8 adaptable 9 innovation(s) 10 objectivity 3 1 out of the ordinary 2 preceded 3 To be exact 4 contradict(ed)

5 prosperity 6 gave birth to 7 catch our breath 8 had in mind 9 proposed 10 converted 11 disastrous 12 negative

4 1 existence 2 wonders 3 transport 4 production 5 diagnose 6 influenced 7 highly 8 ancestors 9 posed 10 addition Translation

1 Hardly had she sat down when the phone rang.

2 You need to book your ticket in advance, especially if / when you want to reserve a good seat.

3 Anger is not necessarily the most useful or acceptable reaction to such events.

4 What sort / kind of person do you have in mind for the job?

5 There’s a limit on the time you have to take the test.

6 Woodhead spent part of his childhood in a small town in Italy.

7 There were three times as many girls as boys.

8 I travel to London every day, as do most of the people who live / living in this village.

9 On the one hand, expansion would be good, but on the other hand it would be sad to lose the family atmosphere.

10 Despite / In spite of international pressure, progress has been made in the peace talks.

After-Class Reading

参考译文

在文檔中 1 Leisure Activities (頁 133-136)