第六章 結論與建議
第二節 建議
第二節 第二節
第二節 建議 建議 建議 建議
一、模式應用分析行人族群比例之離峰時段與尖峰時段步行速率結果，可作為 路口時相之步行速率設定參考。
二、本研究行人流模式，為細胞自動機研究行人模式先例，從文獻回顧瞭解，
大部份細胞自動機模擬對象為車流，因此本研究行人流模式對於往後細胞 自動機應用研究行人流模式中，可以作為參考與運用。
參考文獻 參考文獻 參考文獻 參考文獻
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Kelton, W. D., Sandowski, R. P., ＆ Sturrock, D. T. (2007). Simulation with Arena Fourth Edition. McGraw-Hill. Inc, 587-602.
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(eds) MODSIM 2005 International Congress on Modelling and Simulation.
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Schadschneider, A. (2001).Cellular Automaton Approach to Pedestrian Dynamics–Theory. In M. Schreckenberg and S.D.Sharma (Eds.), Pedestrian and EvacuationDynamics, 75-85.
Tarawneh, M. S. (2001). Evaluation of pedestrian speed in Jordan with investigation of some contributing factors. Journal of Safety Research, Volume 32, Number 2, Summer, 229-236(8).
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Wolk, M., Schadschneider, A., ＆ Schreckenberg, M. (2005). Fundamental diagram of a one-dimensional cellular automaton model for pedestrian flow-the ASEP with shuffled update. Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2005, 423-428.
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附錄 附錄 附錄 附錄 A
NetLogo4.0.4 路口行人流程式碼 路口行人流程式碼 路口行人流程式碼 路口行人流程式碼
globals[younger old person person-persons person-older person-younger FLOW_COUNTER LAST_PLOT_TIME allspeed allspeed2 SIMULATED_TIME roads current-light rpeople REAL_TIME_RATIO REAL_TIME_DIFF n phase phase1 phase1-min phase1-max phase2 phase2-min phase2-max phase3 phase3-min phase3-max phase11 phase22 phase33 singal singal2 ]
turtles-own [ i freq tmp yspeed ospeed pspeed yspeed-limit yspeed-min ospeed-limit ospeed-min pspeed-limit pspeed-min speed speed-limit speed-min right-people? ] breed [ counters counter ]
breed [ peoples people ] patches-own [ road? ]
counters-own [last-people last-speed ] to setup
ca
setup-globals setup-patches set allspeed 0 setup-persons setup-counters end
to setup-patches
ask patches [ set pcolor gray + 2 ]
ask patches with [pxcor = 5 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor
= 7 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 9 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 11 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 13 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 15 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 17 and pycor <=
3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 19 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 21 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 23 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 25 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 27 and pycor <= 3][set
pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 29 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 31 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 33 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 35 and pycor <=
3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 37 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 39 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 41 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 43 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 45 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 47 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 49 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 51 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white]ask patches with [pxcor = 53 and pycor <=
3][set pcolor white ]ask patches with [pxcor = 55 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white ]ask patches with [pxcor = 57 and pycor <= 3][set pcolor white ]ask patches with [pxcor <= 57 and pycor <= 4][set road? true ]ask patches with [pxcor = 0 and pycor <= 3][set road? false ]ask patches with [pxcor = 1 and pycor <= 3][set road?
false]ask patches with [pxcor = 2 and pycor <= 3][set road? false ]ask patches with [pxcor = 3 and pycor <= 3][set road? false ]ask patches with [pxcor = 4 and pycor <=
3][set road? false ]ask patches with [pxcor = 58 and pycor <= 3][set road? false ]ask patches with [pxcor = 59 and pycor <= 3][set road? false ]ask patches with [pxcor = 60 and pycor <= 3][set road? false ]ask patches with [pxcor = 61 and pycor <= 3][set road? false ]ask patches with [pxcor = 62 and pycor <= 3][set road? false ]
end
;=====行人族群比例分配與行人到達間隔時間=====
to setup-globals set phase11 0 set phase22 0 set phase33 0
set rpeople random 100
;======孩童族群比例========
if rpeople <= 10 [
;================孩童到達間隔時間========
set phase2 (floor (random-gamma 0.3 0.02 )) ;* (TIME_SLICE)
set phase2-min 0.03 set phase2-max 388 set phase3 0 set phase1 0 set phase11 0 set phase33 0 set phase22 0
if phase2 <= 0 [set phase2 1 ] if phase2 <= phase2-min [set phase2 1 ] if phase2 >=
phase2-max [set phase 388 ] ]
;======高齡者族群比例=======
if (rpeople > 10) and (rpeople <= 59) [
;==============高齡者到達間隔時間=======
set phase3 (floor ( random-gamma 0.59 0.02 )) ;* (TIME_SLICE)
set phase3-min 0.03 set phase3-max 175 set phase2 0 set phase1 0 set phase11 0 set phase33 0 set phase22 0
if phase3 <= 0 [set phase3 1 ] if phase3 <= phase3-min [set phase3 1 ]if phase3 >=
phase3-max [set phase3 175] ]
;=====成人人數比例========
if rpeople > 59
;============成人到達間隔時間=========
[ set phase1 (floor (random-gamma 0.51 0.1 )); * (TIME_SLICE)
;set phase1 floor (random-gamma 0.68 0.03 ) set phase1-min 0.03 set phase1-max 48
; set phase1-min 0.03 set phase1-max 166
set phase2 0 set phase3 0 set phase11 0 set phase33 0 set phase22 0 if phase1 <= 0 [set phase1 1 ] if phase1 <= phase1-min [set phase1 1 ] if phase1 >= phase1-max [set phase1 48 ;set phase1 166
]]
end
to setup-persons
set-default-shape peoples "person"
set-default-shape counters "flow counter"
set FLOW_COUNTER 0 set allspeed2 0
set allspeed 0
set SIMULATED_TIME 0 set LAST_PLOT_TIME 0 set REAL_TIME_DIFF -1 set REAL_TIME_RATIO 1 set roads patches with [road?]
end
to setup-counters
create-counters 1 [ setxy 31 0 set heading 180 set size 1 set color white]
create-counters 1 [ setxy 31 1 set heading 180 set size 1 set color white]
create-counters 1 [ setxy 31 2 set heading 180 set size 1 set color white]
create-counters 1 [ setxy 31 3 set heading 180 set size 1 set color white]
end
to find-patch
ifelse random 2 = 0 [set right-people? true][set right-people? false]
if right-people? = true [setxy 5 random-pycor set heading 90]
if right-people? = false [setxy 57 random-pycor set heading -90]
while [any? other peoples-here][ find-patch ] end
to go
move-peoples
ask peoples[if xcor <= 0 or xcor <= 1 or xcor <= 2 or xcor <= 3 or xcor <= 4 or xcor >= 58 or xcor >= 59 or xcor >= 60 or xcor >= 61 or xcor >= 62 [set yspeed 0 set ospeed 0 set pspeed 0 set color gray + 2] ]
ask peoples [if xcor > 5 and xcor < 57 [if color = gray + 2 [ die]] ] if ticks = 14400 [stop]
measure-flow update-time
if phase11 = phase1 and phase11 > 0[setup-perr]
if phase22 = phase2 and phase22 > 0[setup-yonr]
if phase33 = phase3 and phase33 > 0[setup-oldr]
next-phase-person tick
end
;======成人行人步行速率亂數導數函數====
to setup-perr create-peoples 1
[ ifelse random 2 = 0 [set right-people? true][set right-people? false]
if right-people? = true [setxy 5 random-pycor set heading 90]
if right-people? = false [setxy 57 random-pycor set heading -90]
set color black set size 1
;set pspeed precision (random-normal 3.28 0.56) 2
set pspeed-limit 4.25 set pspeed-min 2.05set pspeed precision (random-gamma 26.78 8.99) 2 set pspeed-limit 4.25 set pspeed-min 2.05 set ospeed 0 set yspeed 0 set ospeed-limit 0 set ospeed-min 0 set yspeed-limit 0 set yspeed-min 0 set speed (yspeed + pspeed + ospeed ) set speed-limit 4.25 set speed-min 1.31 set freq (1 + (random 2)) set tmp freq
if pspeed > pspeed-limit[ set pspeed 4.25 ] if pspeed < pspeed-min[set pspeed 2.05]
find-patch ] setup-globals end
;=====孩童行人步行速率亂數導數函數======
to setup-yonr create-peoples 1
[ifelse random 2 = 0 [set right-people? true][set right-people? false]
if right-people? = true [setxy 5 random-pycor set heading 90]
if right-people? = false [setxy 57 random-pycor set heading -90]
set color yellow set size 0.8 set yspeed precision (random-normal 3.15 0.4) 2 set yspeed-limit 3.88 set yspeed-min 2.22 set ospeed 0 set pspeed 0 set pspeed-limit 0 set pspeed-min 0 set ospeed-limit 0 set ospeed-min 0 set speed (yspeed + pspeed + ospeed ) set speed-limit 4.25 set speed-min 1.31 set freq (1 + (random 2)) set tmp freq
if yspeed > yspeed-limit[set yspeed 3.88] if yspeed < yspeed-min[set yspeed 2.22]
find-patch ] setup-globals end
;======高齡者行人步行速率亂數導數函數=======
to setup-oldr create-peoples 1
[ ifelse random 2 = 0 [set right-people? true][set right-people? false]
if right-people? = true [setxy 5 random-pycor set heading 90 ] if right-people? = false [setxy 57 random-pycor set heading -90 ]
set color blue set size 1 set ospeed precision (random-normal 2.28 0.59) 2 set ospeed-limit 3.25 set ospeed-min 1.31 set yspeed 0 set pspeed 0 set yspeed-limit 0 set yspeed-min 0 set pspeed-limit 0 set pspeed-min 0 set speed (yspeed + pspeed + ospeed ) set speed-limit 4.25 set speed-min 1.31 set freq (1 + (random 2)) set tmp freq
if ospeed > ospeed-limit[set ospeed 3.25] if ospeed < ospeed-min[set ospeed 1.31]
find-patch ] setup-globals end
to move-peoples
ask peoples[ifelse (range > 5)[range-max][range-min]pq ] end
;======行人格子不重疊設計=======
to pq
if any? other peoples-here [ fd 1 pq]
end
;======行人步行速率============
to avancer
if ( color = yellow) [set tmp freq fd yspeed * (TIME_SLICE)]
if (color = blue ) [set tmp freq fd ospeed * ( TIME_SLICE)]
if ( color = black) [set tmp freq fd pspeed * (TIME_SLICE )]
end
to-report range set i 1
while [not any? peoples-on patch-ahead i ][set i (i + 1) ] report i
end to slow
set freq (freq + 1) end
to accelerate
if (freq > 0)[set freq (freq – 1) ] end
to range-max avancer end
;=======行人步行變換走道========
to range-min
LET ahead one-of peoples-on patch-ahead range
LET right-forward-patch PATCH-RIGHT-AND-AHEAD 45 1.4142135623730951 LET left-forward-patch PATCH-LEFT-AND-AHEAD 45 1.4142135623730951 if( [heading] of ahead = heading and [speed] of ahead > speed) [avancer]
if ( [heading] of ahead = heading and [speed] of ahead <= speed) ;
[ifelse (not any? peoples-on right-forward-patch and not any? peoples-on left-forward-patch)
[ifelse random 2 = 0 [move-to right-forward-patch][move-to left-forward-patch]]
[ifelse (not any? peoples-on right-forward-patch or not any? peoples-on left-forward-patch)[ifelse (not any? peoples-on right-forward-patch)
[move-to right-forward-patch][move-to left-forward-patch]
][slow]]]
if ( [heading] of ahead != heading)
[if (not any? peoples-on right-forward-patch) [move-to right-forward-patch]
ifelse (not any? peoples-on left-forward-patch )[move-to left-forward-patch]
[avancer]]
end
;======行人流量速率============
to measure-flow if any? counters [ ask counters [
if any? peoples-here with [who != [last-people] of myself ] [set last-people [who] of one-of peoples-here
set FLOW_COUNTER FLOW_COUNTER + 1]]
ask counters [
if any? peoples-here with [who != [last-speed] of myself ] [set last-speed [who] of peoples-here
set allspeed2 [precision (speed * 0.4 ) 2] of peoples-here
set allspeed [precision (speed * 0.4 ) 2] of peoples ]]
if (int SIMULATED_TIME != LAST_PLOT_TIME) and (int SIMULATED_TIME mod FLOW_PLOT_PERIOD = 0) [
set LAST_PLOT_TIME int SIMULATED_TIME
let flow FLOW_COUNTER * 60 * (60 / FLOW_PLOT_PERIOD) Let density flow / (mean allspeed * 3.6)
set FLOW_COUNTER 0 set allspeed2 0
ask peoples [if xcor <= 0 or xcor <= 1 or xcor <= 2 or xcor <= 3 or xcor <= 4 or xcor >= 58 or xcor >= 59 or xcor >= 60 or xcor >= 61 or xcor >= 62 [ die ]]
set-current-plot "Flow-Speed"
plotxy (mean allspeed * 3.6) flow]]
export-plot "Flow-Speed" "c:/Documents and Settings/Administrator/桌面/尖峰時段 高齡者 50%成人 40%孩童 10%.csv"
end
;========行人數量監控=======
to person-count
set person-persons ((count peoples with [ color = black ])) set person-older ((count peoples with [ color = blue ])) set person-younger ((count peoples with [ color = yellow ])) end
;========模擬時間設計=======
to update-time
every 1 [set REAL_TIME_RATIO SIMULATED_TIME - REAL_TIME_DIFF if REAL_TIME? [ set TIME_SLICE TIME_SLICE / REAL_TIME_RATIO]
set REAL_TIME_DIFF SIMULATED_TIME]
set SIMULATED_TIME SIMULATED_TIME + TIME_SLICE end
to-report readable-time-string
let calc-mins int (SIMULATED_TIME / 60) let hrs int (calc-mins / 60)
let secs int (SIMULATED_TIME - (calc-mins * 60))