第五章 結論與建議
第二節 建議
國
立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
像定位定向成功。
第二節 建議
綜覽本研究實際執行之困境和限制，提出各項建議供後續車載側拍影 像定位定向研究改進之參考：
一、 測量車進行測量作業的限制
本研究使用之測量車，執行作業時限制盡量行駛於近建物的外車道上，
此時車子距建物垂直距離約 3m 傾斜拍攝時，同一台相機前後兩張重疊率 60%，相鄰攝影站的雙相機側拍影像重疊率約 80%，才能適用本研究最多 拍攝張數和最佳拍攝張數的設計。
二、 最佳車載側拍的拍攝角度尚需探討
本研究因取得資料的限制，並未討論最佳車載側拍拍攝角度問題，然 而相機拍攝角度亦會影響兩台相機光軸水平夾角，進而對車載側拍影像張 數有影響。未來可朝此方向進行測試。
三、 發展車載側拍影像的自動連結點量測
本研究連結點考量正確性，因此連結點非自動匹配而為人工量測，然 人工量測的連結點雖準確性較高但連結點的個數較少且耗時，建議可朝自 動匹配方向發展，若得到準確性較高且個數較多的連結點能得到較佳影像 定位定向結果。
‧
‧
Agisoft, 2016, Agisoft PhotoScan User Manual Professional Edition Version 1.2 , Russia: Agisoft LLC.
Baillard, C., Zisserman, A., 2000, “A plane sweep strategy for the
3Dreconstruction of buildings from multiple images”, International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 33:56–62.
Bäumker, M., Heimes,F. J., 2001, “New calibration and computing method for direct georeferencing of image and scanner data using the position and angular data of an hybrid inertial navigation system. ” Paper presented at OEEPE Workshop Integrated Sensor Orientation, Stockholm, March.
Brown, D. C.,1968, “Advanced Methods for the Calibration of Metric
Cameras”, Technical report DA-44-009-AMG-1457. FL: DBA Systems.
Brown, D. C., 1971, “Close-Range Camera Calibration”, Photogrammetric Engineering, 37(8):855-866.
Cabo, C., S. García Cortés, and C. Ordoñez., 2015, "Mobile Laser Scanner data for automatic surface detection based on line arrangement." Automation in Construction 58: 28-37.
Cavegn, S., Nebiker, S.,and Haala, N. , 2016, “A SYSTEMATIC COMPARISON OF DIRECT AND IMAGE-BASED
GEOREFERENCING IN CHALLENGING URBAN AREAS”, International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, XLI-B1:529–
536.
‧
for Vision Based Car Navigation with Built-in Sensory Data”, ISPRS Annals of Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, II-3/W2:1 -6.
Drap, P., Lefèvre, J., 2016, “ An exact formula for calculating inverse radial lens distortions. ” Sensors, 16(6): 807.
Eugster, H., Huber, F., Nebiker, S., and Gisi, A., 2012, “Integrated
Georeferencing of Stereo Image Sequences Captured with a Stereovision Mobile Mapping System - Approaches and Practical Results ”,
International Archives of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, XXXIX-B1:309–314.
Gröger, G., Kolbe, T.H., Czerwinski, A., Nagel, C., 2008, “OpenGIS® City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) Encoding Standard”, Category: OpenGIS® Encoding Standard, Version:1.0.0.
Habib, A., Morgan, M., Kim, E. M., and Cheng, R. , 2004, “ Linear features in photogrammetric activities”, Paper presented at ISPRS Congress, Istanbul, Turkey, July.
Hung, C. H., Chang, W. C., and Chen, L. C., 2016, “ORIENTATION
MODELING FOR AMATEUR CAMERAS BY MATCHING IMAGE LINE FEATURES AND BUILDING VECTOR DATA. ” ISPRS-International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLI-B3:39–42.
Kada, M., Klinec, D., and Haala, N., 2005, “Facade Texturing for rendering 3D city models. ”, Paper presented at ASPRS Conference, Bethesda,
Maryland, March 7- March 11.
Kang, Z., Zlatanova, S., and Gorte, B., 2007, “Automatic Detection of Range Variance of Facades from Vehicle- Based Image Sequence. ”, Paper presented at 5th International Symposium on Mobile Mapping Technology MMT ’07, Padua, Italy, May 29- May 30.
Kang, Z., Zlatanova, S., and Gorte, B., 2007(a), “Semi-automatic registration between vehicle-based image sequence and 2d vector map. ”, Paper presented at 7th International Geomatic Week Conference, Barcelona, Spain, February 20- February23.
Kang, Z., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Z., and Zlatanova, S., 2007(b),“Rapidly Realizing 3D Visualisation for Urban Street Based on Multi-Source Data
‧
Integration”, pp.149-196 in Geomatics Solutions for Disaster Management, edited by Li, J., Zlatanova, S.,and Fabbri, A., New York: Springer.
Koopman, M. J., Soffers, P., Kastelijns, M., Ntarladima, A. M., Ten Kate, J., Tijssen, T. P. M., and Van der Spek, S. C., 2015, Exploring Photogrammetric Point Clouds, Delft:Geomatics Synthesis Project.
Mikhail, E. M., Bethel, J. S., & McGlone, J. C., 2001, Introduction to modern photogrammetry, New York:John Wiley & Sons,Inc.
Robles-Ortega, M. D., Ortega, L. and Feito, F. R., 2013, “A new approach to create textured urban models through genetic algorithms”, International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 243:1-19.
Pix4DMapper (2017). Industry Mapping Master Mapmaking. Retrieved August 17, 2017 from Taiwan on the World Wide Web:
https://pix4d.com/industry/mapping/.
Pix4DMapper (2017). How to convert the Camera Model Internal Parameters from Brown 1964/ Heikkila 1997/ Fraser 1997 to Pix4D Camera Model Definition.
Retrieved August 17, 2017 from Taiwan on the World Wide Web:
https://support.pix4d.com/hc/en-us/articles/203824175-How-to-convert- the-Camera-Model-Internal-Parameters-from-Brown-1964-Heikkila-
1997-Fraser-1997-to-Pix4D-Camera-Model-Definition?flash_digest=82f970a13cabc0c21f9d0151c8a3c0990487efd7
#gsc.tab=0.
PHOCAD, 2005, PHIDIAS Image Orientation manual Version 2.85, Germany:
PHOCAD Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH.
PHOCAD(2010).PHOCAD Ingenieurgesellschaft-Software for Photogrammetry and Laser scanning. Retrieved September 1, 2000 from Taiwan on the World Wide Web: http://www.phocad.de/en/en.html.
Photometrix, 2010, Users Manual for iWitness and iWitnessPRO, Australia:
Photometrix.
Schenk, T., 2004, “From point-based to feature-based aerial triangulation”, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 58:315-329.
Tell, D., 2002, Wide Baseline Matching with Applications to Visual Servoing, Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Royal Institute of Technology,
‧ 國
立 政 治 大 學
‧
N a tio na
l C h engchi U ni ve rs it y
Wolf,P. R., Dewitt, B. A., Wilkinson, B. E., 2000, Elements of Photogrammetry with Applications in GIS fourth edition, New York:The McGraw-Hill.
Zhang, Y., J., Hu, B., H., Zhang, J., Q., 2011, “Relative orientation based on multi-features”, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 66(5):700-707.