微粒產生及暴露系統已達成初步目標，未來需要改進的地方如下：
（1） 產生微粒的同時，以相同廠牌的微粒粒徑濃度分佈自動監測儀進行微 粒粒徑及濃度的監測；
（2） 在產生器與暴露腔之間接上一個混合腔（mixing chamber），穩定的產 生氧化鋅微粒後，再通入暴露腔中；
（3） 控制暴露腔中的溫、濕度，以免影響老鼠的生理狀況；
（4） 調整操作條件之參數，以獲取實驗需求所要的數目濃度；
（5） 在實驗動物暴露微粒的同時，監測重量濃度以及表面積濃度。
表1 各種操作條件及量測項目
Exposure Ι Exposure II Exposure III Control 操作條件
註1：Exposure Ι組為暴露30nm 5 hrs；Exposure II組為暴露30nm 10 hrs；Exposure III 組為暴露250nm 10 hrs；Control組為暴露5 hrs，但只監測從開始暴露算起1.5小時 註2：GRIMM SMPS+CPC及TSI SMPS+CPC未能同時監測溫度，因此Exposure II 組及Control組無溫度量測數據
註3：重量濃度及表面積濃度公式 （SMPS User’s Manual）
（氧化鋅密度為5.8 g/cm3）
表2 實驗動物的基本特性
Control Exposure Ι Exposure II Exposure III
N 6 6 6 6
Age (week) 8 8 8 8
Body weight (g) 303.3 (10.3) 288.3 (9.8) 260.8 (15.0) 238.3 (16.0) Mean (standard deviation)
N：實驗動物數目
表3 肺泡灌洗液指標分析
Control Exposure Ι Exposure II Exposure III
N 6 6 6 6
Total cells ( ×104 cell)
41.5 (11.2)a 38.3 (31.0-58.6)b
79.5 (51.9) 67.3 (30.0-163.6)
147.5 (101.3) 133.0 (21.5-325.5)
182.8 (81.5)* 37.8 (31.0-55.1)
53.0 (23.0) 49.9 (29.4-91.6)
48.4 (26.6) 44.2 (9.2-86.7)
24.1 (5.5)*
24.4 (16.8-31.3) LDH
(IU/L) ＜100 412.7 ( 91.9)*
441.0 (291-512)
688.3 (372.9)*
658.0 (193-1293)
1490 (407.8)*,
1696.5 (851-1834) Total protein
(mg/dl) 0.08 (0.02)a
0.09 (0.05-0.11)b 0.13 (0.14)
0.10 (0-0.4) 0.16 (0.13) 0.13 (0.06-0.42)
0.54 (0.21)*,
0.48 (0.3-0.79)
a Mean (standard deviation)
b Median (mix-max)
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Control 組，p value＜0.05
表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure Ι 組，p value＜0.05
表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure II 組，p value＜0.05
表4 系統性發炎反應指標分析
Control Exposure Ι Exposure II Exposure III
N 6 6 6 6 6.46 (5.48-7.62)b
6.25 ( 0.35) 6.35 (5.79-6.69)
6.95 (0.54) 6.73 (6.52-7.86)
7.53 (0.39)*
7.64 (7.05-7.99) HGB
(g/dl)
12.7 (1.1)a 12.8 (11.5-14.2)b
12.6 ( 0.9) 12.6 (11.4-13.9)
13.9 (1.0) 13.8 (12.7-15.6)
14.3 (1.0)* 37.0 (35.0-41.8)
45.9 (3.7)*, 1006 (676-1917)
910 (112)* 148.4 (142.4-155.4)b
189.6 (45.5)*
170.0 (151.1-260.7)
197.5 (30.5)*
194.3 (159.6-240.7) -
a Mean (standard deviation)
b Median (mix-max)
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Control 組，p value＜0.05
表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure Ι 組，p value＜0.05
表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure II 組，p value＜0.05
圖1-1 奈米氧化鋅產生系統全貌
圖1-2 奈米氧化鋅產生系統全貌
圖1-3 奈米氧化鋅產生系統全貌
圖2 奈米氧化鋅產生系統流程圖
Air
Aerosol Out (ZnO) particle diameter (nm)
number conc. (#/cm3)
圖4 Exposure II組及Exposure III組粒徑及數目濃度分佈圖 particle diameter (nm)
number conc. (#/cm3)
Exposure II Exposure III
CMD: 24.7 nm GSD: 1.72
CMD: 214.4 nm GSD: 1.79
Average Total Conc. (#/cm3)
圖6 Exposure II組數目濃度時間分佈圖
平均數目濃度約為5.3×105 #/cm3
0.E+00
Average Total Conc. (#/cm3)
圖7 Exposure III組數目濃度時間分佈圖
Average Total Conc. (#/cm3)
0.00E+00
Average Total Conc. (#/cm3)
0.E+00
圖9 Exposure Ι組粒徑時間分佈圖
Average median (nm)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 hr
nm
圖10 Exposure II組粒徑時間分佈圖
Average median (nm)
圖11 Exposure III組粒徑時間分佈圖
Average median (nm)
0
圖12 Control組粒徑時間分佈圖
Average median (nm)
0
圖13 以掃描式電子顯微鏡（SEM）所拍攝之奈米氧化鋅微粒
（上圖：放大220,000倍；中圖：放大45,000倍；下圖：放大5,500倍）
圖14 肺泡灌洗液（Total cells）指標分析
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Control 組，p value＜0.05
圖15 肺泡灌洗液（Neutrophils）指標分析
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Control 組，p value＜0.05
†表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure Ι 組，p value＜0.05
‡表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure II 組，p value＜0.05
圖16 肺泡灌洗液（LDH）指標分析
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Control 組，p value＜0.05
‡表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure II 組，p value＜0.05
圖17 肺泡灌洗液（Total protein）指標分析
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Control 組，p value＜0.05
‡表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure II 組，p value＜0.05
圖18 周邊血液血球及分類計數（WBC）的測定
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Control 組，p value＜0.05
圖19 周邊血液血球及分類計數（PLT）的測定
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Control 組，p value＜0.05
†表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure Ι 組，p value＜0.05
圖20 周邊血液血球及分類計數（RBC）的測定
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Control 組，p value＜0.05
†表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure Ι 組，p value＜0.05
圖21 周邊血液血球及分類計數（HGB）的測定
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Control 組，p value＜0.05
†表示以Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於 Exposure Ι 組，p value＜0.05
圖22 細胞激素（IL-6）的測定
*表示以 Wilcoxon Rank Sum test 分析，相較於對照組，p value＜0.05
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研究成果自評
本研究已初步完成微粒產生及暴露系統，這個技術平台可用於後續奈米 整合計畫，及提供國內相關領域學者研究之用。我們也完成不同粒徑之氧化 鋅微粒毒性研究，發現奈米氧化鋅微粒毒性效應值得進一步關注，綜合研究 成果，已達成預定目標。
出席國際學術會議心得報告
計畫編號 NSC 95-2621-Z-002-011
計畫名稱 總計畫：奈米微粒健康風險評估與管理研究：以奈米氧化鋅為例(I)
出國人員姓名
服務機關及職稱 鄭尊仁，台大職衛所教授
會議時間地點 巴黎， 2006 年 9 月
會議名稱 國際流行病學年會
發表論文題目 CYP2E1 and XRCC1 Genetic Polymorphisms and the Risk of Liver Fibrosis in Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Monomer
一、參加會議經過
本次 ISEE 研討會於九月二日到六日在法國巴黎舉行，ISEE (International Society of Environmental Epidemiology)與 ISEA (International Society of Exposure Assessment)共同舉行年 會，共有超過 60 國家，超過一千人與會，台灣也有許多學校組團參加。本次會議之各場討論
包括歐盟(APHE)及美國加拿大(APHNA), 及結合歐洲與北美的 APHENA(Air Pollution and Health: A combined European and North American Approach)等，會議中也有亞洲的 PAPA (Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia)及南美洲的多城市的整合計畫。PAPA 包括中國，曼谷及印度 等國的城市。這些整合計畫多先作單一城市健康效應研究，再作多城市的比較。研究結果顯
PAARC，加州 LA 及 AHSMOG 研究，霍普金司大學的美國 MEDICARE 研究，哈佛的 NURSES HEALTH STUDY，荷蘭的 NLCS-AIR STUDY，美國 MULTI ETHNIC STUDY OF
ATHEROSCLEROSIS 相關研究，探討的相關的疾病包括死亡，呼吸道及心血管疾病以及動脈
都是尚待回答的議題。J SCHWARTZ 作了一個很好的結論，他認為交通污染源會產生健康效 應，但是到底是什麼因素？他也不確定，但是他同意有必要對交通污染源進行瞭解及對成分