• 沒有找到結果。

四. 實驗結果

4.2 FPGA 硬體實現

4.2.4 影像放大處理效能

經由估算的結果,硬體在處理完一張彩色圖片時,所所需的時間如表4-6所示:輸 入圖像的大小是720 × 240,放大倍數為2,輸出圖片解析度為1440 × 480,經由影像資料 的載入到演算法的運算法以及到資料的輸出,所花費的時間為14.98 ms。

Table 4-6.彩色圖片放大處理效能

Cycles Times Total cycles Total time

Load Buffer

(YUV Pixels) 2160 235 507600 3.9 ms

Load_reg_36_y Load_reg_18_u Load_reg_18_v

3 168025 504075 3.87 ms

VD 1 149152 149152 1.147 ms

SD 1 128810 128810 0.99 ms

CD 1 77374 77374 0.59 ms

Angle 16 77374 77374 0.59 ms

Data_out 3 168025 504075 3.87 ms

Total 14.98 ms

五 五

五 五. . . . 結論及未來展望 結論及未來展望 結論及未來展望 結論及未來展望

在本論文,以人類視覺系統為基礎之彩色影像縮放硬體實現。在這項設計中採用模 糊決策系統對於輸入彩色影像(YUV 4:2:2)中人眼較為敏感的 Y 像素特徵,來決定何種 內插法將被使用。如果輸入影像對於人類眼睛較不敏感,為減少計算能力,故採用雙線 性內插法。否則,使用邊緣適應性內插法,以減少模糊或鋸齒邊緣部分缺陷。在模糊決 策系統演算法中的 VD,因為使用到背景亮度參數(BL)需使用到除法器,在硬體的設計 上採用少許的加法器、減法器以及除數和商數的查表做為硬體的一個實現,而 V(BL)中 的指數函數建立一個查表,並透過背景亮度參數(BL)可以快速的找到所要的 V(BL)函 數,SD 及 CD 可以利用較為簡單的組合邏輯電路來完成,透過 CORDIC 電路的實現取 代反正切函數,用於計算輸入影像中的方向。此種方法在經由 16-bit 的定點轉換可以取 得較精確的值使得誤差值可以降到最小;在 U 像素及 V 像素的補插點中所採用是雙線 性內插法,因為人類的眼睛在色差部份較不敏感,對於電路面積也較為節省。本論文的 硬體設計對於過去的硬體架構缺點也做了一些改善詳細說明如下:

(1) 從過去架構中只能以灰階的方式來處理及顯示,彩色架構採用彩色影像可以滿 足人類視覺。

(2) 在彩色架構中雖然使用大量彩色影像資料,並不會影響電路的面積而且使得電 路面積比灰階架構少了一半以上。

(3) 在彩色架構中在影像放大之後,已消除灰階架構中所產生一些雜訊問題,並使 邊緣變得更為平滑。

(4) 採用Line Buffer處理可以使得FPGA內部的記憶體更為減少。

儘管這一篇論文已將彩色圖片的縮放實現於硬體上,但對於未來仍需要改善的一些 問題如下:

1. 不同的放大比例

在影像縮放的硬體可能需要更大的比例,對於在輸出影像中可以看到更高

解析的影像。

2. 周邊電路的模組化

在設計硬體對於一些周邊控制電路的設計,如果能夠規劃出一組標準規格 的介面每一個周邊控制電路都根據這一組規格的介面來設計可以減少設計的時 間。

3. 演算法參數設定

如果要將此論文中的硬體規劃成ASIC,可經由一些外部周邊介面(I2C)來設 定演算法內部所需的變數設定如放大倍數。

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