• 沒有找到結果。

第五章、 結論與建議

第四節、 後續研究與建議

首先,本研究基於研究時間的緣故,尚有其他可能會影響廣告貼文的變數未 納入實驗中,例如:Facebook 在 2016 年針對貼文設計出不同的表情符號,除了 可以針對貼文按讚以外,更加入愛心、開心、驚訝、難過、憤怒的表情符號,因 此,可以探討這些表情符號的不同將會如何影響受測者的認知涉入、情感涉入及 品牌態度。第二,因為本研究僅針對女性粉絲作為研究對象,故未來可將男性粉 絲納入探討,並且比較女性與男性顧客之間對於廣告貼文的認知涉入、情感涉入 以及品牌態度之差異。此外,未來進行相關研究時,可以透過其他產品(例:3C 產品、遊戲等)來進行實驗設計,藉以了解此研究模型是否適用於其他產品上。

最後,針對同個品牌進行不同國家的問卷發放,比較之間的差異,藉以了解廣告 貼文設計以及廣告投放的準確性和因地制宜的產品需求。

35

參考文獻 中文文獻

1. Astralweb (2015) ,「 你 知 道 Facebook 臉 書 來 台 擴 展 的 消 息 了 嗎 ? 」,

http://www.astralweb.com.tw/2015-facebook-statistics/,檢索自 2015 年 11 月 10 號。

2. 動 腦 雜 誌 (2015) ,「 2014 總 廣 告 量 傳 統 媒體 轉 型 , 新 興 媒 體 翻倍 」,

http://www.brain.com.tw/News/RealNewsContent.aspx?ID=21462&refer=mobil e&layout=n,檢索自 2015 年 11 月 10 日。

3. 吳金山,鄭菲菲與林信惠(2005),「框架效應對電子商務採購行為意圖影響 之研究」,資訊管理學報,第 12 卷第 3 期,頁 131-157。

英文文獻

1. Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior. Englewood Cliffs. N. J. Prentice-Hall.

2. Bettman, J. R., & Sujan, M. (1987). Effects of framing on evaluation of comparable and noncomparable alternatives by expert and novice consumers.

Journal of Customer Research, 14(2), 141-154.

3. Bienstock, C. C., & Stafford, M. R. (2006). Measuring involvement with the service: A further investigation of scale validity and dimensionality. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 14(3), 209-221.

4. Buda, R., & Zhang, Y. (2000). Consumer product evaluation: The interactive effect of message framing, presentation order, and source credibility. Journal of Product &Brand Management, 9(4), 229-242.

5. Chang, C. (2002). Effectiveness of ad framing for consumption products. Paper presented at the 2002 Annual Conference of the International Communication Association. Seoul, South Korea.

36

6. Chang, C. (2008). Ad framing effects for consumption products: An affect priming process. Psychology and Marketing, 25(1), 24-46.

7. Cheng, F. F., & Wu, C. S. (2010). Debiasing the framing effect: The effect of warning and involvement. Decision Support Systems, 49(3), 328-334.

8. Christophersen, E. R., & Gyulay, J. E. (1981). Parental Compliance with Car Seat Usage: A Positive Approach with Long-Term Follow-up. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 6, 301-312.

9. Cvijikj, I. P., & Michahelles, F. (2013). Online engagement factors on Facebook brand pages. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 3(4), 843-861.

10. De Vries, L., Gensler, S., & Leeflang, P. S. (2012). Popularity of brand posts on brand fan pages: an investigation of the effects of social media marketing.

Journal of Interactive Marketing, 26(2), 83-91.

11. Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers' product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 307-319.

12. Doll, J., & Ajzen, I. (1992). Accessibility and stability of predictors in the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(5), 754-765.

13. eMarketer. (2013). Social Networking Reaches Nearly One in Four around the World.http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Social-Networking-Reaches-Nearly-On e-Four-Around-World/1009976 [Retrieved on November 10, 2015.]

14. Facebook (2015). More support for small Business: Educational events and live chat.https://www.facebook.com/business/news/small-business-support

[Retrieved 29 April, 2015].

15. Fiske, S. T. (1980). Attention and weight in person perception: The impact of negative and extreme behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,

37

38(6), 889-906.

16. Glasman, L. R., & Albarracín, D. (2006). Forming attitudes that predict future behavior: a meta-analysis of the attitude-behavior relation. Psychological bulletin, 132(5), 778-822.

17. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006).

Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ, 6.

18. Homer, P. M., & Yoon, S. G. (1992). Message framing and the interrelationships among ad-based feelings, affect, and cognition. Journal of Advertising, 21(1), 19-33.

19. Howard, J. A. (1994). Buyer behavior in marketing strategy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 41-48.

20. Isen, A. M., & W.Berg, J. (1991). The influence of affect on performance on creative routine tasks. Unpublished Working paper, Johnson Graduate School of Management and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

21. Kabadayi, S., & Price, K. (2014). Consumer-brand engagement on Facebook:

liking and commenting behaviors. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 8(3), 203-223.

22. Kim, C. K. (2015). Testing the independence of cognitive and affective involvement. In Proceedings of the 1991 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 71-75). Springer International Publishing.

23. Kirmani, A. & Rao, A. R. (2000). No Pain, No Gain: A Critical Review of the Literature on Signaling Unobservable Product Quality.Journal of Marketing, 62(2), 66-79.

24. KÖ KSAL, Y., & PENEZ, S. (2015). An Investigation of the Important Factors Influence Web Trust in Online Shopping. Journal of Marketing and Management, 6(1), 28-40.

38

25. Krishnamurthy, P., Carter, P., & Blair, E. (2001). Attribute framing and goal framing effects in health decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 85(2), 382-399.

26. Lane, V. R. (2000). The impact of ad repetition and ad content on consumer perceptions of incongruent extensions. Journal of Marketing, 64(2), 80-91.

27. Levin, I. P., Schneider, S. L., & Gaeth, G. J. (1998). All frames are not created equal: A typology and critical analysis of framing effects, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, 76(2), 149-188.

28. Lewicka, M., Czapinski, J., & Peeters, G. (1992). Positive‐negative asymmetry or when the heart needs a reason. European Journal of Social Psychology, 22(5), 425-434.

29. Luce, M. F., Bettman, J. R., & Payne, J. W. (1997). Choice processing in emotionally difficult decisions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23(2), 384-405.

30. MacKenzie, S. B., Lutz, R. J., & Belch, G. E. (1986). The role of attitude toward the ad as a mediator of advertising effectiveness: A test of competing explanations. Journal of Marketing Research, 23(2),130-143.

31. MacKenzie, S. B., & Lutz, R. J. (1989). An empirical examination of the structural antecedents of attitude toward the ad in an advertising pretesting context. The Journal of Marketing, 53(2), 48-65.

32. Maheswaran, D., & Meyers-Levy, J. (1990). The influence of message framing and issue involvement. Journal of Marketing Research, 27(3), 361-367.

33. Meyerowitz, B. E., & Chaiken, S. (1987). The effect of message framing on breast self-examination attitudes, intentions, and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(3), 500-510.

34. Meyers-Levy J. Gender differences in information processing: a selectivity

39

interpretation. In: Cafferata P, Tybout A, editors. (1989). Cognitive and Affective Responses to Advertising. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 219-260.

35. Meyers-Levy, J., & Maheswaran, D. (1991). Exploring differences in males' and females' processing strategies. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(1), 63-70.

36. Meyers-Levy, J., & Stemthal, B. (1991). Gender Differences in the Use of Message Cues and Judgments. Journal of Marketing Research, 28, 84-96.

37. Mitchell, A. A., & Olson, J. C. (1981). Are product attribute beliefs the only mediator of advertising effects on brand attitude. Journal of Marketing Research.

18(3), 318-332.

38. Moore, D. L., & Hutchinson, J. W. (1983). The effects of ad affect on advertising effectiveness. Advances in Consumer Research, 10(1), 526-531.

39. Murry Jr, J. P., Lastovicka, J. L., & Singh, S. N. (1992). Feeling and liking responses to television programs: An examination of two explanations for media-context effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(4), 441-451.

40. Muñiz, A. M. Jr. & O'Guinn, T. C. (2001). Brand community. Journal of Consumer Research, 27(4), 412-431.

41. Putrevu, S., & Lord, K. R. (1994). Comparative and noncomparative advertising:

attitudinal effects under cognitive and affective involvement conditions. Journal of Advertising, 23(2), 77-91.

42. Rao, A. R., Qu, L., & Ruekert, R. W. (1999). Signaling Unobservable Product Quality Through a Brand Ally. Journal of Marketing Research, 36(2), 258-268.

43. Ranyard, R. (1987). Cognitive processes underlying similarity effects in risky choice. Acta Psychologica, 64(1), 25-38.

44. Rothman, A., Salovey, P., Antone, C., Keough, K., & Martin, C. D. (1993). The influence of message on framing of intention to perform health behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 29(5), 408-433.

40

45. Schwarz, N. (2002). Feelings as information: moods influence judgements and processing strategies. In D.G. T Gilovich & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and Biases: The Psychology of Intuitive Judgment (pp. 534-547). New York:

Cambridge University Press.

46. Schwarz, N., Bless, H., & Bohner, G. (1991). Mood and persuasion: affective states influence the processing of persuasive communications. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 24, 161-199.

47. Silverman, G. (1997). How to Harness the Awesome Power of Word-of-Mouth.

Direct Marketing, 60(7), 32-37.

48. Smith, G. E. (1996). Framing in advertising and the moderating impact of consumer education. Journal of Advertising Research. 36(5), 49-64.

49. Socialbakers (2015) Facebook stats - Brands in Taiwan, Retrieved from http://www.socialbakers.com/statistics/facebook/pages/total/taiwan/brands/

[Retrieved 2015.12.26].

50. Parka, C. and Lee, T. M. (2009). Information Direction, Website Reputation and eWOM Effect: A Moderating Role of Product Type. Journal of Business Research, 62 (1), 61-67.

51. Peeters, G., & Czapinski, J. (1990). Positive-negative asymmetry in evaluations:

The distinction between affective and informational negativity effects. European Review of Social Psychology, 1(1), 33-60.

52. Propcorn, F. & Marigold, I. (2000). Eveolution: The Eight Truths of Marketing to Women. Hyperion Books

53. Richard, M. O., Chebat, J. C., Yang, Z. & Putrevu, S. (2010) A Proposed Model of Online Consumer Behavior: Assessing the Role of Gender. Journal of Business Research, 63, 926-934.

41

54. Teas, R.K. & Agarwal, S. (2000). The effect of extrinsic product cues on consumers’ perceptions of quality, sacrifice, and vale. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(2), 278-290.

55. Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., & Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of word-of-mouth versus traditional marketing: findings from an internet social networking site.

Journal of marketing, 73(5), 90-102.

56. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1981). The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice. Science, New Series, 211(4481), 453-458.

57. Wernerfelt, B. (1990). Advertising content when brand choice is a signal. Journal of Business, 63(1), 91-98.

58. Wright, P. L. (1973). The cognitive processes mediating acceptance of advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(1), 53-62.

59. Wu, K., Noorian, Z., Vassileva, J., & Adaji, I. (2015). How buyers perceive the credibility of advisors in online marketplace: review balance, review count and misattribution. Journal of Trust Management, 2(1), 1-18.

60. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1986). Conceptualizing involvement. Journal of Advertising, 15(2), 4-34.

61. Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1994). The personal involvement inventory: Reduction, revision, and application to advertising. Journal of Advertising, 23(4), 59-70.

62. Zhang, Y., & Buda, R. (1999). Moderating effects of need for cognition on responses to positively versus negatively framed advertising messages. Journal of Advertising, 28(2), 1-15.

42

附件一 (實驗情境)

1 正面目標框架×低度評論不一致

43

2 正面目標框架×中度評論不一致

44

3 正面目標框架×高度評論不一致

45

4 負面目標框架×低度評論不一致

46

5 負面目標框架×中度評論不一致

47

6 負面目標框架×高度評論不一致

48

49

50

第三部分

1. 請問您平時是否有使用保養產品?

□有 □無

2. 請問您過去曾購買過「御顏堂的產品」幾次?

□完全沒有 □1~5 次 □6~10 次 □10~15 次 □16 次以上

第四部分

此部分主要詢問受測者身分資料,以下資料皆不具名,只為抽獎使用,謝謝 3. 性別?

□男 □女 4. 年齡

□18 歲以下 □19~24 歲 □25~29 歲 □30~34 歲 □35~39 歲 □40~44 歲

□45~49 歲 □50 歲以上 5. 學歷

□高中、高職(含)以下 □專科、大學 □研究所以上 6. 薪資

□10000 元以下 □10001~20000 元 □20001~30000 元 □30001~40000 元

□40001~50000 元 □50001 元(含)以上 7. E-mail:__________________________

相關文件