• 沒有找到結果。

5.2 未來展望

5.2.5 心流發生間距的探討

不同的遊戲存在有不同的樂趣因子,雖然其目的同屬於玩樂,但是按其分類 可分為多人線上遊戲、社群網站遊戲、休閒遊戲、單機遊戲等,每一類又可再細 分益智、經營、戰爭、策略、格鬥、射擊等等,因此其心流的發生週期均有所不 同,若以心流的發生間距出發,探討遊戲玩家在該遊戲中的沉浸樂趣,對於遊戲 的發展將有所助益。

一款遊戲的誕生猶如一部小說的完成,其內部的架構是否經過精緻的安排關 係著玩家對其青睞程度,這方面的探討應該從心流的發生(週期)去探討,以嚴僅 深入的態度,創造出富有樂趣的遊戲。

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附錄

生理訊號擷取系統

(1)指溫偵測模組:本研究使用紅外線感測器量測溫度,其 原理為感測器將吸收的幅射轉化為熱能,而提高感測器的溫度,

並將溫度經過放大與轉換成為數位訊號呈現出來。感測器選用由 Melexis 公司所研發生產的紅外線測溫器 MLX90614 系列,

MLX90614 屬於醫療級非接觸式紅外線溫度感測器,內含 17bit ADC 及 DSP,可以 實現高精度溫度量測,通常可以量測的溫度範圍在-20…120 °C(如下圖),在室溫 範圍內至少可以達解析度±0.5ºC。輸出方式可以採用 10-bit PWM 與 SMBus。本研 究將採用 SMBus 讀取感測器數據。此感測器使用 Vcc 為 5V。

附圖 2,溫度感測器範圍(縱軸為待測物溫度;橫軸感測器外部溫度。) 資料來源:Melexis 公司

附圖 1 紅外 線溫度感測器

(2)心跳偵測模組:人體組織在心臟收縮 將血液加壓入血管時,其透明度會降低,紅外 線反射回來的強度會減弱,心臟舒張時,則反 射的紅外線會變強,因此可以使用類比放大電 路,將此手指末稍的微動脈的小波動放大超過 1000 倍。類比放大電路的設計如下圖:

附圖 4 心跳偵測模組電路圖

附圖 5 反射式血氧計量測示意圖

資料來源:http://cdnet.stpi.org.tw/techroom/pclass/2011/pclass_11_A069.htm 本研究考量所有電路必須置於滑鼠中,且使用 USB 5V 電源,故放大器採用 LM324 做單電源放大設計,LM324 是一個內含 4 組運算放大器的 14 pin IC。V+接

附圖 3 CNY70 感測器 資料來源:Vishay 公司

稍的心跳訊號以一個 1μ的電容去除直流成份,接著進入第一級反向放大 33 倍 (LM324-a),第二級反向放大 40 倍(LM324-b)低通濾波,濾波器截止頻率

fc RC π

2

= 1

經計算大約在 3.4Hz,然後經過 Schmitt trigger(LM324-c)反向輸出成為方波。

實際量測訊號如下圖:

附圖 6 心跳偵測模組實際輸出波形

(3)微處理器:本研究的資料採集是由 MCU(類 8051)對二個生理訊號模組讀取 數據,暫存於 RAM 中供 PC 端以自訂的 USB command 讀取。指溫的部份,透過 GPIO 模擬的 SMBus 讀取 MLX90614 資料,然後做 4 筆資料的平均。心跳的部份,因為原 始訊號的 Rising edge 較為陡峭,所以計數心跳週期的起始點應該是 Rising edge,

但是因為訊號經過三個反向後,反而成為 falling edge。MCU 將規劃一個 16 bit Timer,每隔 1 ms 將 tick counter 加 1,心跳週期的計數將使用此 tick counter,

計數每個心跳的週期,並且剔除不合理的訊號跳動,為了降低心跳數據的波動,

所以對原始數據做動態平均。

本研究的 MCU 平台採用

EZ-USB FX2(Cypress CY7C68013A),主要的特點:

1. 符合 USB2.0 規範,480Mbps 高速傳輸協定標準,支援 USB1.1 2. 增強型之 Cypress EZ-USB FX2 系列處理中心,含括增強型 USB Core、

高速 8051 Core,具 4Clock/Cycle 的 48MHz 8051CPU,比一般標準

8051 的執行速度快 10 倍,支援 Keil C IDE 開發介面。

3. GPIF 界面、DMA 引擎、提供全部傳輸類型(等時、批量、中斷、控制 傳輸)、提供 31 個可規劃 End point

4. 配置擴充程序或 32K bytes RAM 5. 100/400KHz I2C 相容的 bus

(4)視窗程式:本研究需將 Device 端的數據按一定間隔時讀回 PC 做記錄與分 析,所以需要開發一些視窗應用程式,這部份採用 MFC 設計出相關的功能,除了 記錄生理訊號外,同時顯示出分別以指溫與心跳為 XY 軸的二維散佈圖。

附圖 7 生理資料擷取軟體

附圖 8 生理資料實測

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