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87 陸、 圖
圖 1. 三聚氰胺的化學結構。
88
圖 2. 三聚氰胺-三聚氰酸複合物 (Adapted from Skinner et al., 2010)。
三聚氰胺與三聚氰酸共存時，兩者會藉氫鍵作用而生成結構穩定且難溶於水的三聚氰胺-三聚氰酸大分子複合物，
此為引發腎結石的結晶物質。
89 (a) 賽滅淨(cyromazine)
(b) 三氯三聚氰胺（Trichloromelamine）
圖 3. 可能導致三聚氰胺暴露來源的農藥(a)賽滅淨與清潔劑(b)三氯 三聚氰胺的化學結構。
90 (a)免疫原製作
(b)激活動物免疫反應產生對應抗體
圖 4. 將半抗原製成免疫原的傳統方法與動物生成抗體的常見結果。
(a)半抗原是利用交聯試劑將其連接至大分子載體蛋白上，才能使動 物的免疫系統引發反應，產生對應半抗原之抗體。(b)半抗原-載體蛋 白複合物的主要結構為是大分子的載體蛋白，動物的免疫反應可能 主要針對載體蛋白產生抗體；而半抗原常可能會被載體蛋白的三維 結構所掩蓋，可能會導致產生對應半抗原抗體的效果較差。
91 圖 5. 戊二醛的交聯反應。
戊二醛的醛基可與帶有胺基的分子①以醛胺縮合反應連接，此時戊二醛的另一側尚有 1 個醛基，可以聯結另一個 帶有胺基的分子②，形成①-NC(CH2)3CN-②。
92 (a) EDC and DCC
(b)EDC crosslinking reaction
(c) EDC plus Sulfo-NHS crosslinking reaction
93
圖 6. 碳二亞胺參與的分子交聯反應 (Adapted from Thermo Fisher Scientific, 2017)。
(a) 具有碳二亞胺(N=C=N)官能基團的交聯劑 EDC 與 DCC。 EDC 反應生成中間產物 o-acylisourea，此中間產物如以(1)之反應 途徑進行，即為上述(b)EDC 的交聯反應；但因中間產物
94 (a) Lei et al., 2010
(b)Yin et al., 2010
95 (c)Zhou et al., 2012
(d)Cao et al., 2013
96
圖 7. 經前人研究的三聚氰胺化學修飾方法。
(a) Adapted from Lei et al., 2010，(b) Adapted fromYin et al., 2010，(c) Adapted from Zhou et al., 2012，(d) Adapted from Cao et al., 2013。
97 圖 8. cELISA 的反應原理。
將具有專一性的抗體先吸附於免疫分析盤底部，由於檢體中的抗原 與帶有酵素的抗原彼此會競爭免疫分析盤底部抗體的結合位置，因 此：
(1)當檢體中抗原的量越少，則帶有酵素的抗原可以結合於底部的抗
體就越多，此時加入可被酵素催化呈色之受質呈色液後，顯色就會 較深。
(2)當檢體中抗原的量越多，則帶有酵素的抗原可以結合於底部的抗 體就越少。此時加入可被酵素催化呈色之受質呈色液後，顯色就會 較淺
98
圖 9. 三聚氰胺的側流免疫層析檢片原理( Adapted from Wang et al., 2014)。
此檢片的結合墊(Conjugated pad)為噴點抗三聚氰胺的小鼠單株抗
此檢片的結合墊(Conjugated pad)為噴點抗三聚氰胺的小鼠單株抗