未來展望

量子點除了運用在太陽能電池之外，還可以用在環境照明、醫學影像、

生物標記、螢幕顯示、量子電腦方面。在本文中利用量子點來增進三五族太 陽能電池的光電功率轉換效率，有別於以往需要對結構做改良，如摻雜別的 元素、長晶程序修改等等；只需要先模擬計算出哪個尺寸的量子點提升的效 率最高，而且成本不高，是非常有可看性的方法。

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附錄 A 比爾定律

比爾-朗伯定律（Beer–Lambert law），又稱比爾定律、朗伯-比爾定律、

布格-朗伯-比爾定律（Bouguer–Lambert–Beer law），是光吸收的基本定律，

適用於所有的電磁輻射和所有的吸光物質，包括氣體、固體、液體、分子、

原子和離子。比爾-朗伯定律是吸光光度法、比色分析法和光電比色法的定 量基礎。

假設一束強度為 的平行單色光（入射光）垂直照射於一塊各向同性的均 勻吸收介質表面，在通過厚度為 的吸收層（光程）後，由於吸收層中質點 對光的吸收，該束入射光的強度降低至 ，稱為透射光強度。物質對光吸收 的能力大小與所有吸光質點截面積的大小成正比。設想該厚度為 的吸收層 可以在垂直於入射光的方向上分成厚度無限小的多個小薄層 ，其截面積 為 ，而且每個薄層內，含有吸光質點的數目為 個，每個吸光質點的截 面積均為 。因此，此薄層內所有吸光質點的總截面積 = 。

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假設強度為 的入射光照射到該薄層上後，光強度減弱了 。 是在小薄 層中光被吸收程度的量度，它與薄層中吸光質點的總截面積 以及入射光 的強度 成正比，也就是

−dI = =

負號表示光強度因吸收而減弱，k 為比例係數。假設吸光物質的濃度為 ， 則上述薄層中的吸光質點數為

dn = 6.02 × 10

代入上式，合併常數項並設 = 6.02 × 10 ^，經整理得

− =

對上式進行定積分，則

− =

−ln =

= 0.434 =

上式中 稱為吸光度（A）；而透射光強度與入射光強度之間的比值 稱為透射比，或稱透光度（T），其關係為：

A = = 1

T =

37

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