六、 總結與展望
6.3 未來展望
題目呈現的方式可改善。
本實驗用語意網路來表示測驗題目出現的順序,它會根據使用者上一題的回 答來決定下一題的題目,但若要讓所有測驗題都剛好出現一次,語意網路在使用 上有「時間複雜度」的限制,未來可以考慮嘗試使用其他更適合的知識表示法。
自然語言的判讀可再加入表情符號和語助詞。
現在的學生在使用網路交談時喜歡用一些符號來表示現在的表情或心情,例
如:「是阿@@"」、「這我當然可以囉^^」、「對^_______^」、「應該對ㄅ^0^」、「不 喜歡游泳 跑步= ='」、「不...根本不想問= =+」,另外還有很多學生會用一些語 助詞來加強語氣,例如:「喜歡死嚕」、「恩恩這是一定要的啦」。所以以後可以再 加入對表情符號和語助詞的判讀,這樣評量出來的分數會更準確。
對結構複雜的句子作更進一步的分析。
本實驗只針對使用者的副詞、否定詞、形容詞作分析,除了這三種詞類之外 應該可以再將使用者回答的句子做更進一步的切割與分析,例如:名詞、動詞等。
這樣才能更瞭解學生回答的內容,在評分時較不會出現誤差。
可在網路中介模擬環境中進行創造力的研究。
Gardner(1993) 提出多元智能的創造力,跨越了單一領域的觀點,多元智能 使創造力所需要的觸類旁通容易出現,所以應該以多元智慧為架構來培育創造 力。本研究已證明了網路中介模擬環境可提升學生的多元智能,以後或許能進一
步研究「網路中介模擬環境是否可提升學生的創造力」。
參考文獻
Armstrong, T., 1994. Multiple intelligences in the classroom. Virginia: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
A
Arrmmssttrroonngg,, T.T.,, 19199944.. MMuullttiippllee InIntteelllliiggeenncceess:: SSeevveenn WaWayyss ttoo ApAppprrooaacchh CuCurrrriiccuulluumm.. E
Edduuccaattiioonnaall LLeeaaddeerrsshhiipp..
Bradshaw, J.M., 1997. An Introduction to Software Agents. Software Agents, J.M.
Bradshaw (Ed.), Menlo Park, Calif., AAAI Press, 3-46.
Brogan, B.R. and Brogan, W. A., 1995.The Socratic questioner: Teaching and learning in dialogical classroom. educ. Forum,59(3), 288-296.
Campbell, L. and Campbell, B., 1999. Multiple Intelligences and Student Achievement:Success Stories from Six Schools. ASCD Books.
Chang, K. E., Sung, Y. T., Wang, K. Y. and Dai, C. Y., 2003. Web_Soc: A Socratic-Dialectic-Based Collaborative Tutoring System on the World Wide Web.
IEEE Transactions on Education.46 (1).
Checkley, K., 1997. The First Seven and the Eight: A Conversation with Howard Gardner. Educational Leadership, 55, 8-13.
Cherny, L., 1995. The Modal Complexity of Speech Events in a Social MUD.
Electronic Journal of Communication, 5(4).
Chou, C. Y., Chan, T. W., Lin, C. J., 2003.Redefinding the learning companion: the past, present, and future of educational agents. Computers & Education.
Chung, M. and Dan I. Moldovan, 1995. Parallel Natural Language Processing on a Semantic Network Array Processor. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 7(3).
Curtis, P., 1992. Mudding: social phenomena in text-based virtual realities. Intertrek, 3(3), 26–34.
Epstein, J.M. & Axtell, R., 1996. Growing Artificial Societies. Washington, DC:
Brookings Institution.
Ferber, J., 1999. Multi-agent Systems: An Introduction to Distributed Artificial Intelligence, Addison Wesley Longman, England.
Gardner, H. 1999. Intelligence Reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century.
New York: Basic Books.
G
Gaarrddnneerr,, HH..,, 11999988.. AA MMuullttiipplliicciittyy ooff IInntteelllliiggeenncceess.. SScciieennttiiffiicc AAmmeerriiccaann,, IInncc..
Gardner, H., 1993. Multiple intelligences: The theory in practices. New York: Basic Books.
Gardner, H., 1987. Developing the Spectrum of Human Intelligences: Teaching in the Eighties, a Need to Change, Harvard Educational Review 57, 87-93.
Gardner, H., 1983. Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York:
Basic Books.
Gilbert, N., 1999. Simulation: A new way of doing social science. American Behavioral Scientist, 42(10), 1845-1847.
Haynes, T. D. and Wainwright, R. L., 1995. A Simulation of Adaptive Agents in a Hostile Environment, ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, 318-323.
Hoerr, T. R., 2001. Becoming a Multiple Intelligences School.ASCD Books.
Hsieh, C.H., Sun, C.T., 2004. MUD for Learning: Classification and Instruction.
International Journal of Instructional Media, 33(3).
Huhns, M. N. & Singh, M. P.,1998. Multiagent Systems and Societies of Agents.
Distributed Artificial intelligence, Gerhard Weiss(Eds.), Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
Isbell, C. L., Kearns, J. M, Kormann, D., Singh, S. & Stone, P., 2000. American Association for Artificial Intelligence.
Lin, H. L. and Sun, C. T., 2003. Problems in Simulating Social Reality: Observations on a MUD Construction. Simulation & Gaming.
Linn, R. L., Baker, E.L., and Dunbar, S. B., 1991. Complex, performance-based assessment: Expectations and validation criteria. Educational Researcher, 20, 15-21.
Malone, T. W., Lai, K. Y. & Grant, K. R., 1997. Agents for information Sharing and Coordinattion: a History and Some Reflections. SOFTWARE AGENTS, Jeffrey M.
Bradshaw (Eds.). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
McDonald, A. S., 2002. The impact of individual differences on the equivalence of computer-based and paper-and pencil educational assessments. Computers &
Education, 39, 299-312.
Messick, S., 1989. Validity. In R. Linn (Ed.), Educational measurement (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan, 13-104.
Mauldin, M. L., 1994. Chatterbots, Tinymuds, And The Turing Test: Entering The Loebner Prize Competition. AAAI Magazine.
Nwana, H. S. & Ndumu, D. T., 1997. An Introduction to Agent Technology, Software Agents and Soft Computing.
Nwana, H.S. & Wooldridge, M., 1997. Software Agent Technology, Software Agents and Soft Computing.
Paris, S. G. & Ayres, L. R., 1994. Becoming reflective students and teachers: with portfolios and authentic assessment.
Quillian, M., 1968. Semantic Memory in Semantic Information Processing. M.
Minsky (ed.), MIT Press.
Quong, R. W. and Feghall, A. A., 1991.The Use of Semantic Network in Teaching Programming. Frontlers In Education Conference.
Reid, E., 1995. Virtual worlds: culture and imagination. In Steven. Jones (Ed.).
Cybersociety: computer-mediated communication and community. London: Sage Publication, Inc. 164-183.
Stanford, P.,, 2003. Multiple intelligence for every classroom. Intervention in School and Clinic, 39, 80-85.
Stevens, A. L. and Collins, A., 1997. The Goal Structure of a Socratic Tutor. Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Cambridge, MA.
Stiggins, R. J., 1994. Student-centered classroom assessment. New York: Macmillan College Publishing Company.
Suzi, J., 1994. Donut-StarkNet Campus of the Future. DU Journal of VR Education, 1(1), 46-48.
Tanner, L.M. and Casados, L., 1998.Promoting and studying discussions in math classes,” J. Adolescent Adult Literacy, 41(5), 342-350.
Turkle, S., 1995. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet, Simon and Schuster, New York.
Valencia, S. W., Hiebert, E. H., & Afflerbach, P. P., 1994. Authentic reading assessment: Practices and possibilities. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Wu, M. D., Liao, Y. H. and Sun, C. T., 2003. Network Tournament Pedagogical Approach Involving Game Playing in Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Information Science and Engineering.
Zhang, T. and Covaci, S., 2002. Adaptive Behaviors of Intelligent Agents based on Neural Semantic Knowledge. Symposium on Applications and the Internet.