未來研究之建議 未來研究之建議 未來研究之建議 未來研究之建議

第三節

第三節 第三節 未來研究之建議 未來研究之建議 未來研究之建議 未來研究之建議

為使營養增補更廣泛之應用，日後可就以下建議進行營養增補效用之探討：

一、針對訓練良好之運動員進行運動試驗時，需考量實驗設計之運動強度是否可 有效顯示運動試驗中，增補劑對於運動員之代謝影響。

二、BCAAs 增補可降低血漿尿酸濃度、提高尿液 pH 值，可能降低痛風或結石發 生率，此可更進一步針對痛風及腎臟結石之患者進行 BCAAs 增補之效用探討。

三、於耐力運動而言，BCAAs 或肌酸增補皆具有降低中樞疲勞之潛力，因此可於 腦部神經或認知學習領域深入進行二者增補效益之研究。

表 4.1 支鏈胺基酸與肌酸增補前後，耐力運動對於身體組成影響之分析(1^st & 2^nd trials)¹

Table 4.1 Body composition changes induced by supplementation and endurance running (1^st& 2^nd trials) ¹.

BCAA Supplementation Baseline Pre-running Post-running Recovery² body weight (kg)

without BCAA supplementation 66.4±8.0^b 66.7±8.0^a 65.0±7.9^c 66.2±7.7^b with BCAA supplementation 66.3±7.8^b 67.0±7.8^{a #}65.6±7.7^c 66.4±7.8^b fat-free mass (kg)

without BCAA supplementation 58.1±7.4^a 58.2±7.4^a 57.9±7.2^a 58.0±7.2^a with BCAA supplementation 57.7±7.2^b 57.9±7.2^ab 58.3±7.3^a 57.9±7.1^ab total body water (kg)

without BCAA supplementation 40.3±5.2^a 40.4±5.2^a 40.2±5.0^a 40.2±5.1^a with BCAA supplementation 40.0±5.1^b 40.2±5.0^ab 40.4±5.1^a 40.2±5.0^ab dominant BUA (dB/MHz)

without BCAA supplementation - 115.4±14.0^a 117.3±15.1^a 108.7±13.0^b with BCAA supplementation - 116.1±15.5^a 117.7±17.3^{a #}115.4±17.8^a non-dominant BUA (dB/MHz)

without BCAA supplementation - 112.8±15.9^ab 117.1±15.9^a 108.9±17.2^b

with BCAA supplementation - 110.3±16.5^a 114.1±14.4^a 111.3±15.6^a

Creatine Supplementation Baseline Pre-running Post-running Recovery² body weight (kg)

without creatine supplementation 66.4±8.0^b 66.7±8.0^a 65.0±7.9^c 66.2±7.7^b with creatine supplementation ^#67.1±7.9^{b #}67.5±8.1^{a #}66.2±7.9^{c #}66.9±8.0^b fat-free mass (kg)

without creatine supplementation 58.1±7.4^a 58.2±7.4^a 57.9±7.2^a 58.0±7.2^a with creatine supplementation ^#58.9±7.1^a 58.8±7.4^{ab #}60.0±7.4^a 58.5±7.3^b total body water (kg)

without creatine supplementation 40.3±5.2^a 40.4±5.2^a 40.2±5.0^a 40.2±5.1^a with creatine supplementation ^#40.9±5.0^a 40.8±5.2^{ab #}40.9±5.2^a 40.6±5.1^b dominant BUA (dB/MHz)

without creatine supplementation - 115.4±14.0^ab 117.3±15.1^a 108.7±13.0^b with creatine supplementation - 114.7±16.0^a 116.6±13.0^a 115.2±15.9^a non-dominant BUA (dB/MHz)

表 4.2 支鏈胺基酸與肌酸增補對於耐力運動表現之影響分析¹ Table 4.2 Effect of supplementation on endurance performance ¹.

1Within each measurement, data (mean ± SD, n = 12) with different letters significantly differ, p＜.05, as analyzed by one-way ANOVA with repeated-measures. BCAA: branched-chain amino acid. RPE scale:

rating of perceived exertion scale.

Without supplementation

With BCAA supplementation

With creatine supplementation

RPE scale (rating) 9.4±3.0^a 9.0±2.9^a 8.8±2.9^a

表 4.3 肌酸增補前後，運動對於身體組成影響之分析(2^nd &3^rd trials)¹

Table 4.3 Body composition changes induced by creatine supplementation and exercise (2^nd &3^rd trials).¹

Endurance Trial Baseline Pre-running Post-running Recovery²

body weight (kg)

without creatine supplementation 66.4±8.0^b 66.7±8.0^a 65.0±7.9^c 66.2±7.7^b with creatine supplementation ^#67.1±7.9^{b #}67.5±8.1^{a #}66.2±7.9^{c #}66.9±8.0^b fat-free mass (kg)

without creatine supplementation 58.1±7.4^a 58.2±7.4^a 57.9±7.2^a 58.0±7.2^a with creatine supplementation ^#58.9±7.1^a 58.8±7.4^{ab #}59.0±7.4^a 58.5±7.3^b total body water (kg)

without creatine supplementation 40.3±5.2^a 40.4±5.2^a 40.2±5.0^a 40.2±5.1^a with creatine supplementation ^#40.9±5.0^a 40.8±5.2^{ab #}40.9±5.2^a 40.6±5.1^b dominant BUA (dB/MHz)

without creatine supplementation - 115.4±14.0^ab 117.3±15.1^a 108.7±13.0^b with creatine supplementation - 114.7±16.0^a 116.6±13.0^a 115.2±15.9^a non-dominant BUA (dB/MHz)

without creatine supplementation - 112.8±15.9^ab 117.1±15.9^a 108.9±17.2^b with creatine supplementation - 111.4±17.8^a 114.0±12.5^a 111.9±14.5^a

Power Trial Baseline Pre-running Post-running Recovery²

body weight (kg)

without creatine supplementation 67.1±8.0^ab 67.3±8.1^a 66.6±8.1^c 66.8±8.2^bc with creatine supplementation 67.4±8.4^b 67.8±8.4^{a #}67.2±8.3^{b #}67.4±8.4^b fat-free mass (kg)

without creatine supplementation 59.0±7.4^ab 59.1±7.5^ab 59.2±7.5^a 58.6±7.5^b with creatine supplementation 59.0±7.5^a 59.2±7.4^a 59.3±7.3^a 58.8±7.7^a total body water (kg)

without creatine supplementation 41.0±5.2^ab 41.0±5.2^ab 41.1±5.2^a 40.7±5.2^b with creatine supplementation 40.9±5.3^a 41.0±5.2^a 41.2±5.1^a 40.8±5.4^a dominant BUA (dB/MHz)

without creatine supplementation - 111.2±13.7^a 109.0±16.1^a 109.4±13.7^a with creatine supplementation - 107.3±16.0^b 114.5±16.3^a 115.4±15.0^a non-dominant BUA (dB/MHz)

表 4.4 肌酸增補對於瞬發力運動表現之影響分析¹

Table 4.4 Effect of creatine supplementation on power performance ¹.

1Within each measurement, data (mean ± SD, n = 12) with different letters significantly differ, p＜.05, as analyzed by paired t-test.

Without creatine supplementation With creatine supplementation

50 m (s) 6.52±0.36^a 6.55±0.41^a

100 m (s) 12.42±0.49^a 12.33±0.53^a

Uric acid (umole/mL)

Without supplementation, n = 12 With BCAA supplementation, n = 12 With creatine supplementation, n = 12

#

repeated-measures; regular letters: comparison was made among each sampling point without supplementation; bold letters: comparison was made among each sampling point with BCAA supplementation; italic letters: comparison was made among each sampling point with creatine supplementation. ^#Comparison was made between data with BCAA supplementation and the corresponding data without supplementation; *Comparison was made between data with creatine supplementation and the corresponding data without supplementation; §Comparison was made between data with BCAA supplementation and the corresponding data with creatine supplementation; p < .05, as analyzed by paired t-test. BCAAs: branched-chain amino acids. f-TRP: free tryptophan. Purine metabolites: the sum of hypoxanthine and uric acid.

HP/Crt (umole/mg)

Without supplementation, n = 12 With BCAA supplementation, n = 12 With creatine supplementation, n = 12

UUN/Crt (mg/mg)

among each sampling point without supplementation; bold letters: comparison was made among each sampling point with BCAA supplementation; italic letters: comparison was made among each sampling point with creatine supplementation. ^#Comparison was made between data with BCAA supplementation and the corresponding data without supplementation; *Comparison was made between data with creatine supplementation and the corresponding data without supplementation; §Comparison was made between data with BCAA supplementation and the corresponding data with creatine supplementation; p < .05, as analyzed by paired t-test. HP:

hydroxyproline. 3MH: 3-methylhistidine. UUN: urinary urea nitrogen. Crt: creatinine.

f-TRP/BCAAs

W ithout creatine supplem entation, n = 12 Pow er trial

W ith creatine supplem entation, n = 12

#

W ithout creatine supplem entation, n = 12 Endurance trial

W ith creatine supplem entation, n = 12

#

measurement, significantly different from the corresponding data measured without supplementation, p < .05, as analyzed by paired t-test. f-TRP: free tryptophan. BCAAs: branched-chain amino acids. Purine metabolites: the sum of hypoxanthine and uric acid.

3MH/Crt (umole/mg)

Without creatine supplementation, n = 12 Endurance trial

With creatine supplementation, n = 12

# #

Without creatine supplementation, n = 12 Power trial

With creatine supplementation, n = 12

a b ab

ab b

ab # a ab

圖 4.4 肌酸增補前後，耐力運動與瞬發力運動對於尿液改變之分析。

FIGURE 4.4 Urinary analysis changes induced by creatine supplementation and exercise. Within each measurement, data (mean ± SD) with different letters significantly differ, p < .05, as analyzed by one-way ANOVA with repeated-measures; bold error bar and letters represent the group with creatine supplementation. ^#Within the same measurement, significantly different from the corresponding data measured without creatine supplementation, p < .05,