• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與未來研究方向

5.3 未來研究方向

本研究雖然獲致許多重要研究成果,但是仍有許多基於本研究所衍生 出來的研究問題,值得進一步探究。分別列舉說明如下:

1. 探究加深教材內容難度及營造具有壓力學習環境對於認知負荷影響 本研究所採用的教材內容為國小數學科「分數」單元,儘管已事

65

先篩選留下具有一定難度之教材作為實驗所需之學習教材,但因大多 數的教材單元僅包含單一學習觀念,且教材整體設計良好,學習者經 過學習後就能夠理解,導致整體學習者認知負荷偏低。因此僅有認知 負荷產生極端之前 27%高學習者,在以動畫互動型多媒體教材進行學 習時之學習情緒、認知負荷及學習成效具有關聯結果。未來若把教材 內容和難度再加深一點,以及若在具有壓力的學習環境下進行動畫互 動型多媒體教材學習,會不會產生更明顯的學習情緒、認知負荷及學 習成效關聯與差異,值得進一步探究。

2. 發展基於學習情緒及認知負荷之適性化多媒體學習系統

本研究針對動畫互動型多媒體教材所得之學習情緒、認知負荷及 學習成效關聯結果,可作為後續應用於發展基於學習情緒及認知負荷 之適性化多媒體學習系統基礎。據此系統可以依據學習者之學習情緒 變化或認知負荷狀況,給予合適的學習教材調整,以增進學習者的學 習成效。

3. 擴大探討其他認知風格學習者在多媒體教材學習上的學習情緒、認知 負荷及學習成效差異

本研究僅探討圖像型及文字型認知風格學習者以動畫互動型多媒 體教材進行學習時之學習情緒、認知負荷及學習成效關聯與差異,對 於其他諸如場地獨立及場地相依型認知風格學習者則並未進行探討。

Chuang(1999)使用文字加動畫、文字加聲音、文字加動畫加聲音、自由 選擇等四種多媒體組合,探究其對於場地獨立及場地相依型認知風格 型學習者的學習成效影響,結果顯示場地獨立型的受試者在使用動畫 加文字加聲音和自由選擇之多媒體教材時,其學習成效明顯優於另外

66

兩組;此外,Gheorghita Ghinea 等人(2003)也針對資工系大學生分成場地獨

立及場地相依兩種認知風格學習者利用多媒體影片學習 QoP(Quality of

Perception)和 QoS(Quality of Service)課程時的學習成效進行探討。基於上述 之觀察,後續研究可針對其他認知風格型態進行更多元的探討。

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附錄一:前測學習單

國小數學科 1 ___年 ___班 座號:_性別:□男 □女 姓名:__

一、選擇

1. (     )每餐姊姊吃 公斤的米,哥哥吃 公斤的米,兩人誰吃得多?(A)姊姊。(B) 哥哥。(C)一樣多。(D)無法比較。 

2. (     )媽媽買了 包巧克力給小美,她先吃掉了 包,請問她再吃多少包剛好可以 吃掉 包巧克力?(A) 包。(B) 包。(C) 包。(D) 包。 

3. (     )小強吃了 包巧克力,小恩吃了 包,小天吃了 包,請問小強和小天吃的 巧克力,比小恩吃的多幾包?(A) 包。(B) 包。(C) 包。(D) 包。 

4. (     )小強吃了 包巧克力,還剩下 包,請問原來有多少包巧克力?(A) 包。

(B) 包。(C) 包。(D) 包。 

5. (     )小寶和大寶有一樣的杯子,大寶有 杯開水,小寶有 杯開水,兩人同時把 自己杯子的水喝完,誰喝得比較多(A)大寶。(B)小寶。(C)一樣多。(D)無法比較。 

6. (     )有一盒巧克力 16 顆,弟弟偷吃了 9 顆,請問他吃了幾盒巧克 力?(A) 盒。(B) 盒。(C) 盒。(D) 盒。 

7. (     )下列何者是假分數?(A) 。(B) 。(C) 。(D) 。 

8. (     )有一只箱子,裡面有 36 張 A4 紙,現要將這些紙每 3 張訂成一疊,請問能 裝訂成幾疊?(A) 疊。(B) 疊。(C) 疊。(D) 疊。 

9. (     )老師把 60 個蛋糕平分給 9 個小朋友,一人可以分到多少個蛋糕?還剩下幾 個?(A) 個,剩 6 個。(B) 個,剩 8 個。(C)6 個,剩 8 個。(D) 個,剩 6 個。 

10. (     )55 顆桌球,每 8 顆裝成一袋,可以裝成幾袋?剩下幾顆?(A) 袋,剩 7 顆。

(B) 袋,剩 1 顆。(C)6 袋,剩 7 顆。(D) 袋,剩 1 顆。 

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附錄二:後測學習單

國小數學科 2 ___年 ___班 座號:_性別:□男 □女 姓名:__

一、選擇

11. (     )有一只箱子,裡面有 81 張 A4 紙,現要將這些紙每 9 張訂成一疊,請問能 裝訂成幾疊?(1) 疊。(2) 疊。(3) 疊。(4) 疊。 

12. (     )33 顆桌球,每 8 顆裝成一袋,可以裝成幾袋?剩下幾顆?(1)4 袋,剩 7 顆。

(2)4 袋,剩 1 顆。(3)5 袋,剩 7 顆。(4) 袋,剩 1 顆。 

13. (     )老師把 33 個蛋糕平分給 4 個小朋友,一人可以分到多少個蛋糕?還剩下幾 個?(1) 個,剩 1 個。(2) 個,剩 1 個。(3)8 個,剩 3 個。(4) 個,剩 3 個。 

14. (     )下列何者是假分數?(1) 。(2) 。(3) 。(4) 。 

15. (     )小寶和大寶有一樣的杯子,大寶有 杯開水,小寶有 杯開水,兩人同時把 自己杯子的水喝完,誰喝得比較多(1)大寶。(2)小寶。(3)一樣多。(4)無法比較。 

16. (     )每餐姊姊吃 公斤的米,哥哥吃 公斤的米,兩人誰吃得多?(1)姊姊。(2) 哥哥。(3)一樣多。(4)無法比較。 

17. (     )媽媽買了 包巧克力給小美,她先吃掉了 包,請問她再吃多少包剛好可以 吃掉 包巧克力?(1) 包。(2) 包。(3) 包。(4) 包。 

18. (     )小強吃了 包巧克力,小恩吃了 包,小天吃了 包,請問小強和小天吃的 巧克力,比小恩吃的多幾包?(1) 包。(2) 包。(3) 包。(4) 包。 

19. (     )小強吃了 包巧克力,還剩下 包,請問原來有多少包巧克力?(1) 包。

(2) 包。(3) 包。(4) 包。 

20. (     )有一盒巧克力 12 顆,弟弟偷吃了 3 顆,請問他吃了幾盒巧克力?(1) 盒。

(2) 盒。(3) 盒。(4) 盒。 

 

76

77

78

79

80

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82 題目

19 我很少想像以圖像來呈現過去的事情。 1 2 3 4 5

20 我的想法常常來自看過的圖片和影像。 1 2 3 4 5

昨天晚上打電 動輸了…

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84

附錄六:石門國小照片

場地佈置

實驗學習單填寫

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附錄七:榮富國小照片

場地佈置

學習單填寫

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