第七章 奈米微脂體技術及生醫應用
2. 核磁共振顯影
許多研究希望借助微脂體之載體功能，藉由其包覆顯影劑，並在 微脂體表面修飾抗體，使其進入體內後，與癌細胞表面之特殊受體接 合，再以核磁共振顯影技術觀測。由於導向目標的準確性，大大改善 顯影效果。
（二）微脂體在美容的應用
一般的美容方式，是將美容成分直接塗抹在皮膚上，經由滲透而 吸收。皮膚的結構由外而內可分為三層：表皮、真皮和皮下組織。表 皮最外層是角質細胞，還有一層不透水的油脂膜，因此皮膚基本上是 不透水的。由於角質細胞間隙不到100 奈米，像是一道自然的防護 壁，讓外界的物質很難進入真皮層內被吸收利用。如何使美容物質能
夠有效地到達美容目標，依需求釋放美容物質發揮最大效用，是目前 非常熱門的研究課題。
微脂體之磷脂質組成結構與人體皮膚細胞相似，若依狀況調整微 脂體尺寸(約 20 至 100 奈米)，則可輕易穿越表皮細胞間隙、毛囊或汗 腺，將養分帶到肌膚裡層，在不受肌膚自然保護機制影響，讓活性成 分到達底層釋放。由於微脂粒可被設計控制釋放活性成分，而將美容 產品的功效放大。因此，微脂粒的傳輸運用，使得一些不容易為肌膚 吸引的成分，如抗氧化成分、美白成分、玻尿酸成分、維他命C、維 他命B5、酵母等，可以確實被肌膚吸收。[63]
然而並非所有美容成分均適合被奈米化後包入微脂體。例如大分 子的膠原蛋白（約數百奈米）是表皮細胞的良好保濕成份，但欲使之 進入真皮層以發揮填補、修復的作用，則需將其分子切小，然而此舉 有可能破壞了原有的立體結構，以致影響其生物活性，使保養效果大 打折扣。另外像是奈米化的潔膚用品，有可能讓原本不會進入皮膚空 隙的成份滲透到肌膚裡層，造成不良反應或副作用。故化妝品的奈米 化須依使用目的及對象有所區別，才可有效發揮其奈米化之功用。[64]
總括而言，「奈米化」產品不是「萬靈丹」，必須「因地制宜」，方 可使其「隱蔽揚善」，將其功能發揮到極限。
六、結論
雖然微脂體已經被研究了三十幾年，但隨著時代進步伴隨科技的 發展，微脂體除了上述的應用之外，也結合其他相關的技術，呈現出 新的面貌。本實驗室研究的主要方向之一，則是將微脂體運用於生醫 感測，利用微脂體之中空微粒性質包覆訊號分子，而微脂體表面修飾 有可與分析物特異性接合的物質，並在適當情況下釋放出訊號分子，
藉由偵測訊號分子之吸收光譜、螢光光譜或電化學訊號，獲得分析物 定量上的重要訊息。另外藉由和國內其他研究團隊的合作，微脂體型 基因傳遞系統及靶向藥物傳遞系統的研發也是本實驗室的努力研究 方向。
微脂體不僅可應用在醫學領域，在藥學、化學、材料學、藥妝用 品及生化分析檢測上更是佔有一席之地。微脂體來自一顆顆小油滴，
但卻蘊含著許多的可能，等待被國際間諸多研究團隊挖掘。
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