第五章 結論與建議
第二節 研究應用與建議
本研究適用於非水溶液之易燃性混合液體,而因本研究假設為混合 液體於液液平衡後,且閃火點溫度為氣液平衡時的溫度,故如應用到實 務上則限制了必須使用在液液平衡的溶液中。
另在測試前雖已充分均勻攪拌,但樣本在降溫冷卻後無法確認仍為 液液平衡之均勻混合狀態,因所使用之HFP-362 Tag 閃火點測試儀無附 設攪拌器,故僅能假設其測到閃火點時亦為液液平衡時的閃火點值。
參 考 文 獻
1. 工業技術研究院 ( Industrial Technology Research Institute ):物質安全 資料表 ( MSDS ), 2002.
2. D.A. Crowl, J.F. Louvar, Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications, Prentice Hall PTR, New Jersey, 2002.
3. H.-J. Liaw, Y.-H. Lee, C.-L. Tang, H.-H. Hsu, J.-H. Liu, A mathematical model for predicting the flash point of binary solutions. J. Loss Prevent.
Proc. 15(2002) 429-438.
4. H.-J. Liaw, T.-P. Lee, J.-S. Tasi, W.-H. Hsiao, M.-H. Chen, T.-T. Hsu, Binary liquid solutions exhibiting minimum flash-point behavior, J. Loss Prevent. Proc. 16(2003) 173-186.
5. H.-J. Liaw, Y.-Y. Chiu, The prediction of the flash point for binary aqueous-organic solutions. J. Hazard. Mater. 101(2003) 83-106.
6. 廖宏章:可燃性液體火災爆炸性質之分析。環保月刊 2002;10:77-85.
7. 道路交通安全規則,中華民國九十五年六月十六日交通部交路字第0 九五00八五0二二號、 內政部臺內警字第0九五0八七0七四八 號令。
8. 49 CFR 172.101, Purpose and use of hazardous materials table.
9. F.P. Lees, Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol.1, second ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, U.K., 1996.
10. SFPE. The SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering (2nded.).
Boston: Society of Fire Protection Engineers. 1995.
Institutes. 1999.
12. 中華民國工業安全衛生學會。勞工安全管理師 2001.
13. 呂德寶:化工熱力學。台北:鼎茂圖書出版有限公司。1997.
14. G.M. Wilson, Vapor liquid equilibrium. XI. A new expression for the excess free energy of mixing, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86(1964) 127-130.
15. H. Renon, J.M. Prausnitz, Local compositions in thermodynamic excess functions for liquid mixtures, AIChE J. 14(1968) 135-144.
16. D.S. Abrams, J.M. Prausnitz, Statistical thermodynamics of liquid mixtures: new expression for the excess Gibbs energy of partly or completely miscible systems, AIChE J. 21(1975) 116-128.
17. R.C. Reid, J.M. Prausnitz, T.K. Sherwood, The Properties of Gases and Liquids. (3rded.). New York: McGraw-Hill. 1977.
18. H.-J. Liaw,Y.-Y. Chiu, A general model for predicting the flash point of miscible mixture, J. Hazard. Mater. 137(2006) 38-46
19. W.A. Affens, G.W. McLaren, Flammability properties of hydrocarbon solutions in air, J Chem. Eng. Data. 17(1972) 482-488.
20. D. White, C.L. Beyler, C. Fulper, J. Leonard, Flame spread on aviation fuels, Fire Safety J. 28(1997) 1-31.
21. CCPS / AIChE, Guidelines for Engineering Design for Process Safety, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, 1993.
22. Le Chatelier H. Estimation of firedamp by flammability limits. Ann.
Mines. 19(1891) 388-395.
23. H.-J. Liaw, C.-L. Tang, J.-S. Lai, A model for predicting the flash point of ternary flammable solutions of liquid, Combust. Flame 138(2004)
308-319.
24. G.W. Jones, Inflammation Limits and Their Practical Application in Hazardous Industrial Operations., 22(1938) 1-26.
25. H.-J. Liaw, T.-A. Wang, A non-ideal model for predicting the effect of dissolved salt on the flash point of solvent mixtures, J. Hazard. Mater.
141(2007) 193-201
26. C.I. Maria, C.T. Fernand, Vapor-liquid equilibrium for the
acetone-methanol-inorganic salt system. Fluid Phase Equilib. 103(1995) 257-284.
27. R.W. Garland, M.O. Malcolm, Evaluating vent manifold inerting requirements: flash point modeling for organic acid-water mixtures, Process Saf. Prog. 21(2002) 254-260.
28. H.-J. Liaw, W.-H. Lu, V. Gerbaud, C.-C. Chen, Flash-point prediction for binary partially miscible mixtures of flammable solvents, J. Hazard.
Mater. 153(2008) 1165-1175.
29. T. Katayama, T. Tsuboka, Modified Wilson equation for vapor-liquid and liquid-liquid equilibria, J. Chem. Eng. Japan 8 , 1975, 181-187.
30. H.-J. Liaw, C.-T. Chen, V. Gerbaud, C.-C. Chen, Flash-Point Prediction for Binary Partially Miscible Mixtures of Aqueous-Organic System, (accept) 2008.
31. H.-J. Liaw, S.-C. Lin, Binary mixtures exhibiting maximum flash-point behavior, J. Hazard. Mater. 140(2007) 155-164.
32. ASTM D 56. Standard test method for flash point by Tag closed cup tester, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, (1999).
alcohol, and water at 303.15K Systems containing 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, toluene, methanol, and water, or 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, toluene, ethanol, and water, Fluid Phase Equilib. 205(2003) 53-67.
34. A. Touriño, L.M. Casás, G. Marino, M. Iglesias, B. Orge, J. Tojo, Liquid phase behaviour and thermodynamics of acetone + methanol + n-alkane (C9-C12) mixtures, Fluid Phase Equilib. 206(2003) 61-85.
35. ASTM D 93, Standard test methods for flash-point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, (2000).
36. The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/ME/methyl_alcohol.html.
37. Boston University,
http://www.bu.edu/es/labsafety/ESMSDSs/MSMethanol.html.
38. Merck, The Merck Index, twelfth ed., Merck & CO., NJ, 1996.
39. The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/PR/propanone.html.
40. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetone.
41. INCHEM, http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0087.htm.
42. The Dow Chemical Company (1995-2008), Product Safety Assessment (PSA), http://www.dow.com/productsafety/finder/acetone.htm.
43. Boston University,
http://www.bu.edu/es/labsafety/ESMSDSs/MSAcetone.html.
44. J.T Baker, http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/A0446.htm.
45. Science Lab.com, Chemicals and Laboratory Equipment, U.S.A.,
46. The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/DE/decane.html.
47. The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, http://www.pcl.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/TO/toluene.html.
48. INCHEM, http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0078.htm.
49. OSHA,
http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/healthguidelines/toluene/recognition.html.
50. J.T Baker, http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/T3913.htm.
51. Temarry, http://www.temarry.com/MSDS/Toluene_msds.htm.
52. The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/TR/2,2,4-trimethylpentane.html.
53. Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC, U.S.A.,
http://www.cpchem.com/msds_unsecured/Import_26040_MSDS_0_ENG LISH_A_ENGLISH_A_N.pdf
54. J.M. Sørensen and W. Arlt, Liquid-liquid equilibrium data collection, DECHEMA, Federal Republic of Germany, 1979-.
55. K. Kurihara, T. Midorikawa, T. Hashimoto, K. Kojima, K. Ochi,
Liquid-liquid solubilities for the binary system of methanol with octane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, J. Chem. Eng. Japan, 35 (2002) 360-364.
56. J. Gmehling, U. Onken, W. Arlt, Vapor-liquid equilibrium data collection, Vol 1, Part 2c. DECHEMA, Frankfurt, Frderal Republic of Germany, 1982, p.229, 250.