騎乘自行車時，主要的能量來自腳對踏板施力而對曲柄產生之力 矩，本研究量測腳對踏板之施力，藉由與曲柄長度之內積計算踩踏力 矩。踏板在踩踏過程中相對於地面之角度，本研究中視為水平，但事 實上先前研究則發現踏板的角度會隨曲柄角度改變(Benjamin J.
Fregly 1996)，這可能導致踩踏力矩之計算有誤。踏板角度的量測方 式，過去的研究大多利用踏板與曲柄間之編碼器進行測量(Benjamin J.
Fregly 1996; L.M. Rogers 2004)，但本研究受限於資料整合與截取系統 之數位訊號截取頻道數，無法另外加裝編碼器，固未來研究可考慮使 用類比訊號之重力加速度感測器(G sensor)與震動感應器(Shock sensor)之差值判斷重力相對於踏板之角度，進而計算出踏板相對於曲 柄之角度。自行車能量來源之曲柄力矩計算，目前是以兩倍之單側所 做的功做為能量輸入之總功，與實際產生之總功可能有差異，故雙側 曲柄產生之總力矩亦為值得注意的地方。
實驗條件的選定：本研究為了同時顧及受測者的安全以及儀器使 用的考量下，選擇在國立交通大學內，尋找符合實驗距離且坡度固定 的路面進行騎乘實驗。但實際的外在環境並非僅有這些坡度及路面條 件。未來可以考慮找更多不同坡度及不同路面的坡度
實驗平台重量與種類：為了量測與紀錄實驗數據，實驗器材皆頇
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置於自行車上，故實驗平台之重量較一般市面上的自行車高出許多；
且現在自行車的種類繁多，對於各種車型之間的實驗結果是否一致，
則還有待商榷。
受測者的選定：本實驗僅採用十位 20-30 歲的男性受測者，但近 年來自行車普及，不論男女老少皆有使用者，實驗數據是否能套用在 不同年齡及性別上，也需要再進一步討論。
實驗控制參數:本研究目標是模擬室外真實騎乘實驗，故無法如 同先前室內研究固定功率輸出或是新陳代謝參數，僅能控制踩踏率等 物理參數。
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四、結論
本研究於實驗前完成室外自行車參數量測平台，並順利進行室外 實驗。本研究於實驗中使用鋁合金鑽石型車架、抓握彎把之姿勢、一 般內外胎(Clincher tires)、胎壓 700kPa、著一般便服(非專業車衣及車 褲)等條件，本研究於阻抗迴歸之結果為：在 95%的信心水準下截面
平均值增加 31%)(P<0.05)。此外本研究由室外實驗驗證以下事項：1.
踩踏率與車速(及齒比)固定的條件下，股外側肌為騎乘時動力提供之 主要肌肉。2. 脛骨前肌與外側腓腸肌，縱使固定踩踏率及姿勢等實 驗條件，也會因受測者騎乘時的策略而產生不同的活化情形。3. 當 踩踏率固定時，踩踏的扭矩增加與股直肌之間無顯著差異。
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五、未來研究方向與建議
根據本研究所使用的阻力估算公式(Candau, Grappe et al. 1999)，
與空氣阻力相關之係數包含空氣密度、有效撞風面積、風阻係數與相 對速度。其中，有效撞風面積與騎乘者之體型有關(KYLE 1973)，風 阻係數則取決於騎乘者之幾何形狀(Frederic, Grappe 1997)，以上二者 與環境狀態無直接相關；剩餘的參數中，相對速度由風速與車速之數 據進行運算取得，空氣密度則在忽略濕度的影響下(Capelli, Rosa et al.
1993)被表示為：
0
( P
B/ 760)(273 / ) T
在溫度為 273K 及氣壓為 760mmHg 的環境下，乾燥空氣之空氣 密度
0為 1.27 kg m-3。本研究將空氣密度視為常數(1.2 kg m-3)，其未 依照真實環境的溫度與壓力換算，可能造成空氣阻力上計算之誤差，此為未來研究可以改善之方向。
由實驗結果可發現，固定踩踏率運動時股外側肌的活化情形，將 隨著坡度上升而上升，故推論股外側肌為主要供給踩踏時所需能量的 肌肉；而在股直肌部分，無論是在峰值或平均值皆無顯著差異
(P>0.05)，除了可用雙關節肌肉在踩踏過程中則扮演著傳遞能量而非 提供能量的肌肉來解釋外，另有許多文獻直接指出股直肌與踩踏率之 間有著相當顯著之關係。所以在後續的研究上可針對踩踏率的部分做
69
深入探討，例如在同一個實驗條件下測詴兩種不同的踩踏率，一方面 觀察股直肌的活化情形是否在同一種坡度下會隨著踩踏率增加而上 升，也可搭配著不同坡度及踩踏率，觀察下肢肌肉在不同組合下的相 對活化程度。
由脛骨前肌和外側腓腸肌這兩條肌肉於踩踏期間肌電訊號的波 形便可看出肌肉活化情形的個體差異性很大，導致在踩踏過程肌肉的 活化模式有兩種完全不同型態，在以往的文獻只有提到會造成兩種不 同的肌電訊號波形是因為不同的踩踏策略，但並沒有更深一步去探 討，故後續研究可分成主動進行和被動進行踝關節屈曲，藉此驗證本 研究的推論是否正確。
另外在正規化及閥值界定上，目前沒有統一的標準，各文獻所定 的參數也不盡相同，以往的室內實驗大多是固定新陳代謝參數，但由 於本研究是在室外進行實際騎乘的實驗，固定踩踏率，故本實驗無法 與先前室內實驗的活化時間相互比較。後續研究可考慮先進行室內實 驗，採用相同的正規化方法及閥值界定的方法，藉此觀察室內實驗與 室外實際騎乘，除了在肌肉活化的程度，也可比較活化的時間是否有 差異。
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