第五章 討論與建議
第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議
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回顧害怕被孤立動機文獻，社群成員主要因害怕負面的社交結果而潛水，而 這種心理主要透過觀察社群文化而浮現（Nonnecke & Preece, 2003; Neuwirth et al.,2007; Amichai-Hamburger et al., 2016），因此社群經營者必須建立正向的對話 和獎勵機制，並且設法避免社團內出現過於激烈的謾罵和嘲諷式言論，來降低社 群成員觀察到負面社群文化的機會，使抱持不同意見的社群成員勇於說出與主流 意見相抗的發言。
社會性散漫動機依前文推論，主要源於社群成員認為自身發言影響力不足以 影響討論結果（Plaks & Higgins, 2000; Price et. al., 2006; Yeow et. al., 2006），轉 而選擇潛水而非發言。要降低社會性散漫動機，可以從提高社群成員個人之自主 性（autonomy）和責任感著手（Price et. al., 2006），例如將每一位社群成員之發 言內容納入決策過程考量，或是提供議題相關資料、工具等發表意見所需的知識 與技能，都能提升社群成員社群成員對自身影響力的認知，進而降低社會性散漫 動機，讓潛在的潛水者即使在意見一致性低的狀況下浮出水面發言。
最後，本研究情緒分析技術是與業界現行技術配合，研究發現以社群聆聽情 緒分析法進行客觀意見判讀的結果與社群成員自主判斷的結果相去無幾，兩者有 顯著的相關性，且皆能預測潛水者的動機和行為，這提供了社群聆聽技術對潛水 者意見代表性的初步實證結果，應可暫時解決社群聆聽技術發展過程經常受到的 代表性質疑。
第三節 研究限制與未來研究建議
批踢踢每個討論板都有獨樹一格的討論文化和使用群眾，隨著使用的時間和 經驗增加，存在著許多真實身份未知的網路名人，因此匿名性等媒介因素對網路 社群成員而言是否仍會造成低社會存在感，或是發言義務感減少進而出現社會性 散漫動機，仍是待討論之議題。
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前文曾提及議題爭議度、議題涉入度（involvement）與閱聽人原先對議題的 態度是形成閱聽人判斷主流意見偏誤的原因（Vallone, Ross & Lepper, 1985; Choi, Yang & Chang, 2009; Yun, Park & Lee, 2016）。由於本文挑選之社群討論板為如 電影、韓劇等議題爭議度較低的影劇相關社群，且社群成員對影劇涉入程度相較 政治、經濟等高爭議議題可能較低，意識形態等態度也較不鮮明，因此準統計官 能受到敵意媒體效果的影響程度較低。換言之，本研究結果僅適用於爭議度較低 的議題，以及社群成員涉入度低與意識形態較不鮮明的社群討論內容。往後的潛 水者研究若同樣以意見一致性概念作為研究切入點，應將議題爭議性高低納入控 制變項考量，以期找出更多影響潛水者行為表現的因素。
另外在使用社群聆聽情緒分析法進行客觀主流意見測量時，議題詞的撈取篩 選目標改用文章標題雖能擴展分析範圍，使樣本取得更加全面，但同時也會造成 分析時較難以針對標的議題之現象。例如本研究取回之電影板討論「蜘蛛人：返 校日」議題文章中，便曾出現與系列電影前作比較之討論串，當中有可能參雜許 多社群成員對前作之評論，此時以標題篩選資料撈取目標便會難以避免此種情況 發生。因此，本研究主觀意見一致性是全然針對標的議題，而客觀意見一致性則 是大部分針對標的議題，讀者在解讀本研究結果時必須理解本研究有此限制。
最後本文為了減少情緒分析過程中語氣和用詞數量對情緒正負比結果的影 響，將情緒正負比計算方式由單則發言正負相抵改為詞袋模型法，情緒分析對象 文本則由單則發言改為全部議題相關文本，分析單位也由正/負發言則數改為正/
負情緒詞出現次數。然而本文在情緒分析法前測部分進行內容分析法做為對照時，
為了因應真實的社群成員閱讀狀態，其編碼單位仍是一則發言。讀者應特別注意，
儘管不影響情緒正負比的計算過程，本文為了提升情緒分析精準度和配合真實閱 讀情境，有放棄原先相同單位（正/負發言則數），改為分析單位不對稱（正/負
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發言則數，正/負情緒詞出現次數）進行前測對照的情況。往後若以社群聆聽技 術進行研究時，應特別權衡資料撈取技術和情緒分析架構是否與研究目的相符，
找出利大於弊的分析方式進行。
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