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第四章 結論
本文主要以 Turnovsky (1996)和 Lai and Liao (2012)的模型架構為基 礎，在政府基礎建設的支出以所得稅融通之下，建構一個開放經濟的內生 成長模型，探討政策當局追求社會福利極大時，如何制定一套最適當的非 線型所得稅制。依據本文的分析，可得到以下之結論：
一、在分權經濟體系的分析下，最適的所得稅尺度應等於基礎建設生產的
外部性，而課徵所得稅造成的代表性個人決策的扭曲，則由累退的 所得稅程度來矯正。當政府透過適當的非線型所得稅制矯正了所有分
權經濟體系決策行為的扭曲，使得總體經濟成長率極大化的同時，也 保證社會福利水準達極大。
二、在集權經濟體系的分析下，最適基礎建設的支出佔所得的比例應等於 基礎建設生產的外部性。再者，經過最適租稅結構的調整後，分權經 濟體系與集權經濟體系有相同的靜止均衡、總體經濟成長率和社會福 利水準，表示政府透過非線型所得稅矯正了分權經濟體系決策行為的 扭 曲 ， 使 分 權 經 濟 體 系 的 福 利 水 準 可 達 至 最 佳 境 界 的 狀 態 ， 即 Pareto 最適。
本文分析顯示：當政府的基礎建設支出以所得稅融通，且考量最適非 線型所得稅的制度下，民眾在選擇其最適消費、實質資本與國外債券的配 置，來使其一生效用折現極大時，亦代表分權經濟體系下的社會福利水準
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為最佳境界的福利水準。
關於議題延伸方面，由於本文未考慮勞動供給跨時替代、政府基礎建 設勞務的擁擠性、政府消費性支出與貨幣政策的問題，相信這些議題搭配 相關的政策分析是非常有趣且值得探討的。
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(
1)
Y(
1)
Y ln YY Y Y
φ φ
τ φ
= − − − + −
(
1)
Y 1(
1)
ln YY Y
φ
τ φ
= − − −
於長期均衡時Y =Y，上式可寫成：
∂∂πφm = −
(
1 τ φ)
準此，φ的正負將影響邊際稅率呈現遞減或遞增的狀態，若所得稅制為累 退制時，代表邊際稅率遞減。
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