結論與展望 - 利用全像光學鑷夾三維操控微粒子之研究

5-1 結論

由於利用 HOTs 操控粒子需要牽涉到相關的理論、演算法且需要龐大的數值計算，因此限制了 HOTs 的功能與應用。在本論文中我們發展了兩種方式來達成擴展 HOTs 操控微粒子運動的能力。一種是控制光場橫向動量(散射力)，利用光場橫向動量的傳遞與梯度力的捕捉力，在固定的相位圖樣下，讓粒子自行沿著設定的路徑移動。另一種方式是建立一套整合即時樣品影像之顯示、使用者輸入資訊之接收與捕捉光點之控制的圖形式使用者介面。

在控制光場橫向動量部分。我們從研究產生 OV 的相位圖樣與 OV 間的光強度對應關係，

推測 OV 轉動粒子能力的起源是由斜向入射光造成。基於這個概念，我們利用幾何光學分析 HOTs 中光場的橫向動量分布，發現只要將相位圖樣顯示在 SLM 上的某個方位角區域中，HOTs 所產生的光場橫向動量的方向是由該方位角區域的中心角度0決定，並

且是沿著

 [cos( θ

₀

)x  sin( θ

₀

) y]

，而橫向動量的大小是正比於入射光的功率、光場強度

分布與 sin()，其中是方位角區域的範圍大小。光場橫向動量分布的控制因此可以分為兩部分，一是調整方位角範圍的大小使其小於，並調整其中心角度以控制橫向動量的方向。另一部分則是利用節中所介紹的 GS、GAA 或 GSW 等方法計算產生所需強度分布的相位圖樣，並將之顯示在上述方位角範圍內。同時，我們也展示利用此方法產生具有橫向動量分布的光場，讓微粒子自行沿著設計好的路徑移動與控制粒子局部濃度。

在另一方面，為彌補在固定相位圖樣下光場對粒子的操控無法處理突發狀況，或是讓使用者即時任意地操控粒子。我們發展了一套整合即時樣品影像之顯示、使用者輸入資訊之接收與捕捉光點之控制的圖形式使用者介面。在操控粒子時，此介面程式負擔大部分的系統操作工作，如相位計算、相位顯示等工作。使用者只需在樣品即時影像上，以滑鼠游標指定捕捉點位置，即可輕鬆地捕捉、搬運與旋轉粒子。讓一般不具備相關知識的人也可以輕鬆容易地使用。

5-2 展望

5-2-1 光場橫向動量控制

當初研究光場橫向動控制的主要原因是相位圖樣的計算速度太慢，無法讓使用者即時的操控粒子，因此才開始研究如何讓粒子在固定相位圖樣所產生的光場移動粒子。當初的想像是如果粒子可以自行沿著指定路徑移動，再加上利用光場分離不同性質粒子的技術

第五章結論與展望

[55-58]，如此只要有雷射光的照射，粒子就會根據大小或折射率移動到指定的地方。由於所需的相位圖樣是固定的，我們可以將所需的相位圖樣製作成便宜且可以大量製造繞射元件(diffractive optical element DOE)。只要在一般的顯微鏡中加入一道雷射與設計好的 DOE，顯微鏡下的物品即可自動進行分離[59]。目前的方法已經可以控制粒子的移動路徑，未來研究目標就剩下如何結合粒子分離的技術達成自動粒子分離。

此外，近年來光場動量分布的控制已經由二維平面擴展到三維立體空間，亦即控制光場在空間中某區域內的強度與傳播方向。這些進展除了進一步擴展光場操控粒子的能力 [60, 61]外，藉由控制光場在空間中的傳播，也提供了新的粒子追蹤的技術，增進螢光顯微鏡的解析度[62-64]。

5-2-2 使用者介面

由於 HOTs 操作的複雜性，除了我們實驗室外也有許多實驗室紛紛發展 HOTs 的使用者介面[47, 65]。近年來由於觸控介面的盛行，如 iPhone、iPad 等，也有研究者開發觸控式的 HOTs 介面[66]或是利用 iPad 當成 HOTs 的介面[67]，提供使用者更直覺的操控。

在未來，由於 GPU 的運算能力會繼續再增加，相位圖樣的運算量已不會造成 GPU 太大的負擔，因此多出來的 GPU 運算能力可以用來強化樣品影像或是提供三維粒子分布的影像[68, 69]。HOTs 可以三維操控維粒子，但所使用物鏡的數值孔徑大造成樣品景深淺，

因此離開焦平面的粒子就會看不清楚，而數位全像術(digital holography)[70, 71]則可改善這個缺點，提供樣品在任意平面上的粒子影像。此種技術可以還原光場的相位分布，可以用於量測顯微鏡下細胞的相位變化[72]，並且能與現有的影像加強技術結合[73]，如相位對比(phase contrast PC)[37]、差分相位對比(differential interference contrast DIC)、暗視場(dark field)或螺旋相位對比(spiral phase contrast SPC)[74, 75]等，提供進一步的影像加強。如此 GPU 除了提供 HOTs 使用者反應更加快速的操控外，還能提供強化的粒子影像與粒子的折射率與三維空間位置等資訊，讓使用者可以更加容易的操控粒子，或是有機會更進一步地將 HOTs 變成生物樣品的操作量測平台。

著作目錄

期刊論文

S. Y. Tseng L. Hsu, and C. H. Liu, "Controlling the transverse momentum distribution of a

light field via azimuth division of a hologram in holographic optical tweezers", Applied Optics 50, (2011).(附錄一)

2. S. M. Yang, T. M. Yu, H. P. Huang, M. Y. Ku, S. Y. Tseng, C. L. Tsai, H. P. Chen, L. Hsu, and C.

H. Liu, "Light-driven manipulation of picobubbles on a titanium oxide phthalocyanine-based optoelectronic chip", Applied Physics Letters 98, p. 153512 (2011).

會議論文

1. A. T. Chang, S. Y. Tseng, and L. Hsu, "Optical guiding with cylindrical mirror system", Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation Vii, p. 77622T, San Diego CA, USA, 2010, (poster presentation).

2. 張雅程與曾勝陽, 「圖形化操控介面的全像式雷射鑷夾系統」, Proceedings of 2009 National Symposium on System Science and Engineering, pp. 717-721, Tamkang University Tamsui, Taiwan,2009, (Oral presentation).

S. Y. Tseng and L. Hsu, "Transporting micro-particles by using optical line segments

generated by holographic optical tweezers", Focus on Microscopy 2008, Osaka-Awaji, Japan,2008, (Oral presentation).

S. Y. Tseng and L. Hsu, "An intuitive view of the origin of orbital angular momentum in

optical vortices", Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation III, p. 63261C, San Diego CA, USA, 2006, (Oral presentation). (附錄二)

美國專利

1. L. Hsu, C. H. Liu, S. Y. Tseng, A. T. Chang, C. C. Chou, W. Wang, F. H. Wu, C. Peng, and T. Y.

Lee, "Optical tweezers controlling device", 7804058 (September 28 2010).

2. L. Hsu, C. H. Liu, S. Y. Tseng, C.-C. Chou, W. Wang, F. H. Wu, C. Peng, and T. Y. Lee,

"Apparatus and method for changing optical tweezers", 7786432 (August 31 2010).

著作目錄

3. L. Hsu, C. H. Liu, S. Y. Tseng, C. C. Chou, W. W. Wang, F. H. Wu, C. Peng, and T. Y. Lee,

"Apparatus and method of generating optical tweezers with momentum", 7838819 (November 23 2010).

4. C. H. Liu, W. Wang, L. Hsu, C. C. Chou, S. Y. Tseng, C. Peng, F. H. Wu, and T. Y. Lee,

"Optical tweezers lifting apparatus", 7829839 (November 9 2010).

中華民國專利

1. 徐琅, 劉承賢, 曾勝陽, 周忠誠, 王威, 吳豐旭, 彭震, 與李大元,「可提供具有動量之光鑷夾產生裝置及使光鑷夾具有動量之方法」, I322280 (March 21 2010).

符號說明

 ：convolution

y)}

U(x, {

F ：Fourier transform of U(x,y)

y)}

U(x,

F



：inverse Fourier transform of U(x,y)

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附錄一

Controlling the transverse momentum distribution of a light field via azimuth division of a hologram in

holographic optical tweezers

Sheng-Yang Tseng

^1,*

and Long Hsu

Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan 300, ROC

Corresponding author: [email protected]

This study proposes a method for creating a light field with controlled distribution of transverse momentum (TM) by displaying a hologram only in an azimuth region that centers at



0 and has a range of Δ of a spatial light modulator in holographic optical tweezers. This study utilized ray optics to analyze the TM of the resultant field, revealing that the direction of the TM is determined by the center angle of the azimuth region, and that the magnitude of the TM is proportional to sin (Δ/2), without regarding the intensity. The relationship was verified experimentally. In addition, this study demonstrated moving particles along a designed path and depleting particles by the fields.

OCIS codes: 140.7010, 090.1760, 230.6120

Introduction

Using holographic optical tweezers (HOTs) [1-4] to create a light field with momentum transverse to the optical axis provides a simpler approach for controlling the motions of microparticles. Without any light intensity change or external force, particles in the field can move along the region of highest intensity because of the transverse momentum (TM). A large number of applications have thus utilized special light modes with the TM, such as optical vortices. [5-7]. Studies of creating a light field with a controlled distribution of momentum

在文檔中利用全像光學鑷夾三維操控微粒子之研究 (頁 47-81)