在本篇論文中,我們首先探討在60GHz系統下使用混合式平面陣列天線以及 波束形成技術來解決在NLOS的傳輸問題,接者我們可考慮在環境變動時如何快 速的切換傳輸路徑,以達到不中斷的連續傳輸,最後我們討論多個使用者之間的 定位問題。
由於60GHz此頻段對於訊號有嚴重的訊號損失,波束形成可以有效的解決此 問題,但數位的波束形成需要多DAC/ADC,不但造成功耗的大幅上升也使得成 本便的高昂,因此混合式平面陣列天線就成了一個較佳的選擇。60GHz環境另一 個問題是訊號的穿透性較差,因此如何在NLOS的環境下傳輸是一個重要的問題,
當環境是在LOS或是NLOS的環境時,皆有其最佳的傳輸路徑,我們可以利用訊 號處理的方法做波束配對,事先得到這些最佳路徑,而當環境變動時可選擇一個 最適當的一組波束配對所對應的路徑。從模擬結果得知,最小平方法MMSE配合 分區演算法,在分區的大小(window size)為5時可以有最佳的效果。另外為了偵 測NLOS變為LOS的情境,我們提出在傳送端及接收端同時使用兩個波束形成來 進行偵測及傳輸,同時搭配延伸的二維LCMV演算法來做干擾消除,模擬的結果 可以發現在LOS干擾可以消除20dB,針對NLOS的干擾可以消除大概7dB,這使 得我們的偵測的可靠性大為提升。
最後我們考慮在一多使用者傳輸的環境下使用者定位的問題,本論文所考慮 的定位和一般的定位有所不同,一般的定位指的是找到使用者之間絕對的位置,
而本論文是使用波束形成及估計 DoA 的技術,因此我們的定位是指找到使用者 間的相對位置,使用者會圍成一多邊形,我們所要估計的是此多邊形的夾角。我 們提出兩個方法:角度法及坐標法,不管是在凸邊形或凹邊形的情況,我們都可 以估計使用者的相對位置。模擬結果顯示,二維的坐標法和角度法在凸邊形使用 者數為三時,結果是一樣的,當使用者數大於三時,坐標法會比角度法來的好。
在三維空間中,我們使用座標法來估計使用者間的相對位置,當使用者人數越多 時觀測值也就越多,估計出使用者間的相對位置更加的準確。
針對本論文所提出的波束形成應用於定位多使用者間的相對位置,期許未來 能有以下的延伸研究:
將三維空間中凹多邊形的情況加以考慮,以確保在三維空間中任一種情 況使用者相對位置是可以估計的。
在已知使用者間的相對位置情況下,考慮傳輸要求的排程順序,提出一 有效改善系統吞吐量的排程演算法
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