第四章 討論
第四節 結論
本研究結果發現，體型差異與打鬥經驗的差異分別影響動物於高、低激烈程 度打鬥中的打鬥決策，符合打鬥經驗僅影響打鬥意願但不改變實際打鬥能力，而 體型與實際打鬥能力有關之假說，且從整體來看，體型與打鬥經驗以累加的方式 共同影響打鬥決策。另外，本研究結果亦顯示打鬥中的纏鬥發生率會影響體型與 打鬥經驗對個體打鬥決策的相對重要性，而纏鬥發生率可能又與動物本身的背景 (例如：攻擊性)有關，也因此，打鬥經驗與體型對於打鬥決策的共同影響方式可 能會受到個體本身攻擊程度的影響。
22
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表
表ㄧ
本研究之十二種打鬥處理組合，包含三種體長差異與四種打鬥經驗組合；當同一 配對之兩個個體應得到不同的打鬥經驗時，體長較大的一方會被給予相對較差的 經驗(N 為無經驗、W 為獲勝經驗、L 為落敗經驗處理，n 為樣本數)。
經驗組合 個體間體長差異(公厘)
較大個體 (目標個體)
vs. 較小個體
0~1(無差異) 1~2 2~3
N vs. N n= 40 n= 40 n= 40
N vs. W n= 40 n= 40 n= 40
L vs. N n= 40 n= 40 n= 40
L vs. W n= 40 n= 40 n= 40
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表二
使用多元邏輯迴歸模式(multiple logistic regression)檢測體長與打鬥經驗差異對纏 鬥發生率的影響。
纏鬥發生率(n=480)
df b SE LRχ2 P
體長差異配對 2 2.68 0.262
1~2 公厘1 1 -0.42±0.26 2.65 0.104 2~3 公厘1 1 -0.18±0.26 0.51 0.477
打鬥經驗配對 3 45.47 <0.001 *
N-W2 1 0.11±0.30 0.13 0.724
L-N2 1 -1.06±0.29 14.12 <0.001 * L-W2 1 -1.51±0.30 22.66 <0.001 *
體長差異×打鬥經驗 6 8.09 0.232
獲勝配對3 1 1.15±0.21 31.54 <0.001 *
品系 4 31.11 <0.001 *
目標個體標準體長 1 0.01±0.03 0.18 0.671
1基線組(baseline)為體長 0~1 公厘差異處理組。
2基線組為 N-N 經驗處理組。
3基線組為一個月前打鬥落敗之配對。
* P<0.05
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表三
使用多元邏輯迴歸模式(multiple logistic regression)檢測在(1)無纏鬥發生之打鬥 與(2)有纏鬥發生之打鬥中體長與打鬥經驗差異對目標個體獲勝機率的影響。
無纏鬥發生時的獲勝機率(n=220) 有纏鬥發生時的獲勝機率(n=248)
df b SE LRχ2 P b SE LRχ2 P
體長差異配對 2 2.57 0.276 14.83 0.001 *
1~2 公厘1 1 0.74±0.43 3.14 0.076 0.46±0.34 1.84 0.176 2~3 公厘1 1 0.32±0.47 0.45 0.501 1.51±0.39 16.90 <0.001 *
打鬥經驗配對 3 15.72 0.001 * 3.27 0.353
N-W2 1 0.16±0.49 0.11 0.742 -0.58±0.39 2.25 0.134 L-N2 1 -1.26±0.47 7.36 0.007 * -0.23±0.47 0.23 0.629 L-W2 1 -1.33±0.47 8.25 0.004 * -0.69±0.45 2.34 0.126
體長差異×打鬥經驗 6 2.09 0.911 10.82 0.094
獲勝配對3 1 0.15±0.34 0.19 0.660 -0.30±0.31 0.95 0.330
品系 4 1.97 0.742 8.28 0.082
目標個體標準體長 1 0.07±0.04 2.55 0.110 0.00±0.04 0.00 0.958
1基線組(baseline)為體長 0~1 公厘差異處理組。
2基線組為 N-N 經驗處理組。
3基線組為一個月前打鬥落敗之配對。
* P<0.05
31
表四
使用多元邏輯迴歸模式(multiple logistic regression)分析體長與打鬥經驗差異對目 標個體(體長較長的一方)獲勝機率的影響。
打鬥獲勝機率(n=468)
df b SE LRχ2 P
體長差異配對 2 13.11 0.001 *
1~2 公厘1 1 0.46±0.24 3.72 0.054
2~3 公厘1 1 0.88±0.25 13.22 <0.001 *
打鬥經驗配對 3 29.81 <0.001 *
N-W2 1 -0.30±0.28 1.16 0.282
L-N2 1 -1.02±0.28 13.75 <0.001 * L-W2 1 -1.33±0.29 22.66 <0.001 *
體長差異×打鬥經驗 6 4.93 0.552
獲勝配對3 1 0.31±0.20 2.42 0.120
品系 4 4.28 0.370
目標個體標準體長 1 0.03±0.02 1.12 0.289
1基線組(baseline)為體長 0~1 公厘差異處理組。
2基線組為 N-N 經驗處理組。
3基線組為一個月前打鬥落敗之配對。
* P<0.05
32
圖
圖一
打鬥缸配置。在本實驗中，給予實驗個體預定之打鬥經驗與進行打鬥測試時皆使 用相同尺寸(10.5×7.5×19.5 立方公分)與設置的玻璃缸。打鬥缸內部的側面與背面 皆放置黑色不透明板子，以隔絕外界干擾。另外，打鬥缸中央使用黑色不透明隔 板，將打鬥場地區分為左右兩個尺寸大致相同的空間。
長：10.5 公分 寬：7.5 公分
高：19.5 公分 水高：10 公分
底質石：2 公分
33
34
圖三
(1)N-N 經驗處理組，(2)N-W 經驗處理組，(3)L-N 經驗處理組，(4)L-W 經驗處理 組下，各體長差異處理中之目標個體與對手的獲勝機率。括號( )內為樣本數。用 二項式檢定法(Binomial test)比較目標個體與其對手的獲勝機率有無顯著差異。以 Cochran- Armitage 檢定檢測體型較大之目標個體的獲勝機率是否顯著地有隨著 體型差異增加而增加之趨勢。* P<0.05。
(1) (2)
(3) (4)