本文利用二階梁理論及共旋轉法探討梁在軸力及均勻彎矩同時作用下的幾何非線 性側向-扭轉挫屈(Lateral-torsional buckling)。本文中首先求出梁元素在主要平衡路徑的 統御方程式及其通解,再利用梁元素在共同節點上有相同的切線及曲率的邊界條件,求 出梁結構的主要平衡路徑。然後在主要平衡路徑加上擾動位移,建立元素受擾動後的元 素座標,求得元素節點擾動位移與擾動變形間的關係及節點內力在不同座標轉換的關 係,求出梁元素在次要平衡路徑的統御方程式及其級數解,然後再利用梁結構的端點及 內部節點邊界條件求得挫屈負荷及挫屈模態。
由本文例題之結果可以發現隨著軸向壓力的增加,懸臂梁及簡支梁所得到的挫屈彎 矩逐漸降低。不同的斷面、不同長度、不同的邊界條件,都有個別的挫屈彎矩曲線趨勢,
本文分析的方法及結果應可作為梁柱設計的參考。
參 考 文 獻
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表一 簡支梁挫屈彎矩
M
B的收斂分析 斷面 1:Ellipse(a:b=10,a=2.5(cm),L=25(cm),BC3)CR B M M PCR
P N m=0 m=1 m=2 m=3 m=4 m=5
3 0.9904 0.9902 0.9902 0.9902 0.9902 0.9902 10 0.9883 0.9882 0.9882 0.9882 0.9882 0.9882 30 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 50 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 70 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 90 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 100 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 0.9880 10 -6
0.9 3 0.2959 0.2953 0.2957 0.2957 0.2957 0.2957 10 0.2959 0.2958 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 30 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 50 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 70 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 90 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 100 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959 0.2959
PCR (101N) 1.9379
MCR (102N⋅cm) 1.1207
表二 簡支梁挫屈彎矩
M
B的收斂分 斷面 3:(w14×159,L=300(in),BC3)CR B M M PCR
P N m=0 m=1 m=2 m=3 m=4 m=5 3 0.9854 0.9854 0.9854 0.9854 0.9854 0.9854 10 0.9295 0.9295 0.9295 0.9295 0.9295 0.9295 30 0.9240 0.9240 0.9240 0.9240 0.9240 0.9240 50 0.9235 0.9235 0.9235 0.9235 0.9235 0.9235 70 0.9234 0.9234 0.9234 0.9234 0.9234 0.9234 90 0.9234 0.9234 0.9234 0.9234 0.9234 0.9234 100 0.9233 0.9233 0.9233 0.9233 0.9233 0.9233 10 -6
0.9 3 0.0521 0.0522 0.0534 0.0534 0.0534 0.0534 10 0.0511 0.0509 0.0510 0.0510 0.0510 0.0510 30 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 50 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 70 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 90 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 100 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508 0.0508
PCR (106lb) 6.0424
MCR (107in-lb) 8.2313
表三 懸臂梁挫屈彎矩
M
B的收斂分析 斷面 1:Ellipse(a:b=10,a=2.5(cm),L=25(cm),Warping restraint ,ST)CR B M M PCR
P N m=0 m=1 m=2 m=3 m=4 m=5 3 1.0115 1.0078 1.0078 1.0078 1.0078 1.0078 10 1.0078 1.0072 1.0072 1.0072 1.0072 1.0072 30 1.0072 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 50 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 70 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 90 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 100 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 1.0071 10 -6
0.9 3 0.3357 0.3357 0.3357 0.3357 0.3357 0.3357 10 0.3357 0.3357 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 30 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 50 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 70 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 90 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 100 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356 0.3356
PCR (N) 1.2112
MCR (101N⋅cm) 5.4305
表四 懸臂梁挫屈彎矩
M
B的收斂分析 斷面 3:(w14×159,L=300(in),Warping restraint,ST)CR B M M PCR
P N m=0 m=1 m=2 m=3 m=4 m=5 3 0.8544 0.8544 0.8544 0.8544 0.8544 0.8544 10 0.8491 0.8491 0.8491 0.8491 0.8491 0.8491 30 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 50 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 70 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 90 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 100 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 0.8486 10 -6
0.9 3 0.3394 0.3350 0.3351 0.3352 0.3352 0.3352 10 0.3373 0.3369 0.3370 0.3370 0.3370 0.3370 30 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 50 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 70 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 90 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 100 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371 0.3371
PCR (105lb) 5.9470
MCR (107in-lb) 2.4390
表五 簡支梁挫屈彎矩
M
B的收斂分析 斷面 1:Ellipse(a:b=10,a=2.5(cm),L=25(cm))CR B M M PCR
P N BC1 BC2 BC3 BC4
3 0.9195 0.9953 0.9902 0.8823 10 0.9191 0.9948 0.9882 0.8804 30 0.9190 0.9948 0.9880 0.8802 50 0.9190 0.9948 0.9880 0.8802 70 0.9190 0.9948 0.9880 0.8802 90 0.9190 0.9948 0.9880 0.8802 100 0.9190 0.9948 0.9880 0.8802 10 -6
0.9 3 0.2877 0.3113 0.2957 0.2635 10 0.2877 0.3113 0.2959 0.2636 30 0.2878 0.3113 0.2959 0.2636 50 0.2878 0.3113 0.2959 0.2636 70 0.2878 0.3113 0.2959 0.2636 90 0.2878 0.3113 0.2959 0.2636 100 0.2878 0.3113 0.2959 0.2636 PCR (101N) 0.4845 0.4845 1.9379 1.9379 MCR (102N⋅cm) 0.6245 0.5447 1.1207 1.2550
表六 簡支梁挫屈彎矩
M
B的收斂分析 斷面 3:(W14×159,L=300(in))CR B M M PCR
P N BC1 BC2 BC3 BC4
10
−63
1.2909 1.3214 0.9854 0.8351 10 1.2518 1.2808 0.9295 0.7833 30 1.2478 1.2773 0.9240 0.7789 50 1.2475 1.2770 0.9235 0.7786 70 1.2474 1.2769 0.9234 0.7785 90 1.2474 1.2769 0.9234 0.7784 100 1.2474 1.2768 0.9233 0.7784 0.9 3 0.2821 0.2546 0.0534 0.0170 10 0.2807 0.2534 0.0510 0.0164 30 0.2805 0.2533 0.0508 0.0164 50 0.2805 0.2533 0.0508 0.0164 70 0.2805 0.2533 0.0508 0.0164 90 0.2805 0.2533 0.0508 0.0164 100 0.2805 0.2533 0.0508 0.0164 PCR (106lb) 2.3788 2.3788 6.0424 6.0424 MCR (107in-lb) 4.5864 2.8228 8.2313 6.5042
表七 懸臂梁挫屈彎矩
M
B的收斂分析 斷面 1:Ellipse(a:b=10:1,a=2.5(cm),L=25(cm))CR B M M
Warping restraint Warping free PCR
P N
QT-1 QT-2 ST QT-1 QT-2 ST
3 0.9950 1.0345 1.0078 0.9949 1.0048 0.9983 10 0.9950 1.0346 1.0072 0.9949 1.0048 0.9977 30 0.9950 1.0346 1.0071 0.9949 1.0049 0.9977 50 0.9950 1.0346 1.0071 0.9949 1.0049 0.9977 70 0.9950 1.0346 1.0071 0.9949 1.0049 0.9977 90 0.9950 1.0346 1.0071 0.9949 1.0049 0.9977 100 0.9950 1.0346 1.0071 0.9949 1.0049 0.9977 10 -6
0.9 3 0.3126 0.4753 0.3357 0.3126 0.4494 0.3271 10 0.3126 0.4753 0.3356 0.3126 0.4495 0.3271 30 0.3126 0.4753 0.3356 0.3126 0.4495 0.3271 50 0.3126 0.4753 0.3356 0.3126 0.4495 0.3271 70 0.3126 0.4753 0.3356 0.3126 0.4495 0.3271 90 0.3126 0.4753 0.3356 0.3126 0.4495 0.3271 100 0.3126 0.4753 0.3356 0.3126 0.4495 0.3271 PCR(N) 1.2113 1.2112 1.2112 1.2112 1.2112 1.2112
cm) N 10 (
MCR 1 ⋅ 2.7153 2.7153 5.4305 2.7153
+
2.7153+
5.4305+
+ Warping free 的MCR是取 Warping restraint 的挫屈負荷表八 懸臂梁挫屈彎矩
M
B的收斂分析 斷面 3:(W14×159,L=300(in))CR B M M
Warping restraint Warping free PCR
P N
QT-1 QT-2 ST QT-1 QT-2 ST
3 1.2842 0.9120 0.8544 1.2523 0.7736 0.7809 10 1.2806 0.9104 0.8491 1.2486 0.7721 0.7751 30 1.2803 0.9102 0.8486 1.2483 0.7720 0.7746 50 1.2802 0.9102 0.8486 1.2483 0.7720 0.7746 70 1.2802 0.9102 0.8486 1.2483 0.7720 0.7746 90 1.2802 0.9102 0.8486 1.2483 0.7720 0.7746 100 1.2802 0.9102 0.8486 1.2482 0.7720 0.7746 10 -6
0.9 3 0.2966 0.5536 0.3352 0.2871 0.4001 0.3328 10 0.2969 0.5541 0.3370 0.2874 0.4001 0.3346 30 0.2970 0.5541 0.3371 0.2874 0.4001 0.3347 50 0.2970 0.5542 0.3371 0.2875 0.4001 0.3347 70 0.2970 0.5542 0.3371 0.2875 0.4001 0.3347 90 0.2970 0.5542 0.3371 0.2875 0.4001 0.3347 100 0.2970 0.5542 0.3371 0.2875 0.4001 0.3347 PCR (105lb) 5.9470 5.9470 5.9470 5.9470 5.9470 5.9470
lb) -in 10 (
MCR 7 1.2195 1.2195 2.4390 1.2195
+
1.2195+
2.4390+
+ Warping free 的MCR是取 Warping restraint 的挫屈負荷表九(a) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B 斷面 5:W10×100, L=762(cm)CR B M M
Warping restraint Warping free PCR
P N
QT-1 QT-2 ST QT-1 QT-2 ST 80 1.2188 0.9053 0.8610 1.2147 0.8318 0.8349 10 -6
0.9 80 0.3103 0.5235 0.3458 0.3092 0.4341 0.3326
cm) N 10 (
MCR 8 ⋅
0.5323
表九(b) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B 斷面 5:W10×100, L=762(cm)CR B M M
Warping restraint Warping free PCR
P N
QT-1 QT-2 ST QT-1 QT-2 ST 80 1.2138 0.9054 0.8581 1.2099 0.8319 0.8330 10 -6
0.9 80 0.3090 0.5241 0.3434 0.3079 0.4336 0.3297
cm) N 10 ( M
CR 8⋅
0.5323
表十(a) 簡支梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( 橢圓斷面 , BC1 )CR B M M
L=25cm L=50cm
PCR
P
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm 10 -6 0.9190 0.9311 0.9010 0.9099 0.1 0.8709 0.8827 0.8542 0.8630 0.2 0.8202 0.8316 0.8047 0.8135 0.3 0.7664 0.7773 0.7522 0.7607 0.4 0.7087 0.7191 0.6959 0.7041 0.5 0.6463 0.6560 0.6348 0.6426 0.6 0.5774 0.5863 0.5674 0.5747 0.7 0.4995 0.5073 0.4910 0.4975 0.8 0.4074 0.4139 0.4006 0.4062 0.9 0.2878 0.2925 0.2831 0.2871 0.98 0.1286 0.1307 0.1265 0.1284 PCR(N) 4.8448 0.3721 1.2112 0.0930
cm) N 10 (
MCR 1 ⋅ 6.2445 0.4853 3.0846 0.2384 表十(b) 簡支梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( 橢圓斷面 , BC2 )CR B M M
L=25cm L=50cm
PCR
P
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm 10 -6 0.9948 0.9994 0.9950 0.9995 0.1 0.9426 0.9472 0.9432 0.9479 0.2 0.8877 0.8922 0.8887 0.8934 0.3 0.8294 0.8337 0.8307 0.8355 0.4 0.7670 0.7711 0.7685 0.7733 0.5 0.6994 0.7033 0.7011 0.7057 0.6 0.6248 0.6284 0.6266 0.6310 0.7 0.5405 0.5437 0.5423 0.5463 0.8 0.4408 0.4435 0.4424 0.4459 0.9 0.3113 0.3133 0.3126 0.3152 0.98 0.1391 0.1400 0.1397 0.1409 PCR(N) 4.8448 0.3721 1.2112 0.0930
cm) N 10 (
MCR 1 ⋅ 5.4467 0.4210 2.7153 0.2096
表十(c) 簡支梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( 橢圓斷面 , BC3 )CR B M M
L=25cm L=50cm PCR
P a:b=10
a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm 10 -6 0.9880 0.9837 0.9887 0.9843 0.1 0.9318 0.9296 0.9341 0.9326 0.2 0.8733 0.8730 0.8770 0.8781 0.3 0.8120 0.8133 0.8169 0.8204 0.4 0.7472 0.7500 0.7532 0.7585 0.5 0.6780 0.6819 0.6846 0.6915 0.6 0.6027 0.6074 0.6098 0.6177 0.7 0.5188 0.5239 0.5258 0.5343 0.8 0.4210 0.4260 0.4275 0.4357 0.9 0.2959 0.3000 0.3010 0.3076 0.98 0.1317 0.1337 0.1342 0.1374 PCR(10 N) 1 1.9379 0.1488 0.4845 0.0372
cm) N 10 (
MCR 2 ⋅ 1.1207 0.0871 0.5536 0.0428 表十(d) 簡支梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( 橢圓斷面 , BC4 )CR B M M
L=25cm L=50cm PCR
P a:b=10
a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm 10 -6 0.8802 0.8806 0.8745 0.8719 0.1 0.8301 0.8321 0.8262 0.8261 0.2 0.7779 0.7814 0.7757 0.7778 0.3 0.7233 0.7280 0.7226 0.7267 0.4 0.6657 0.6713 0.6662 0.6719 0.5 0.6040 0.6103 0.6056 0.6125 0.6 0.5369 0.5437 0.5393 0.5472 0.7 0.4622 0.4689 0.4651 0.4732 0.8 0.3751 0.3813 0.3781 0.3859 0.9 0.2636 0.2685 0.2662 0.2725 0.98 0.1173 0.1197 0.1187 0.1217 PCR(10 N) 1 1.9379 0.1488 0.4845 0.0372
cm) N 10 (
MCR 2 ⋅ 1.2550 0.0970 0.6256 0.0483
表十一(a) 簡支梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( W 斷面,L=300(in),BC1 ) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 1.2475 1.2215 1.1836 1.2016 1.0283 0.1 1.1446 1.1208 1.0954 1.1084 0.9662 0.2 1.0427 1.0210 1.0069 1.0154 0.9021 0.3 0.9414 0.9220 0.9178 0.9223 0.8356 0.4 0.8403 0.8232 0.8274 0.8285 0.7661 0.5 0.7387 0.7240 0.7350 0.7334 0.6926 0.6 0.6355 0.6232 0.6393 0.6355 0.6134 0.7 0.5287 0.5188 0.5380 0.5329 0.5260 0.8 0.4141 0.4068 0.4266 0.4209 0.4253 0.9 0.2805 0.2759 0.2927 0.2877 0.2978 0.98 0.1211 0.1192 0.1277 0.1251 0.1321 PCR (106lb) 2.3788 1.1512 0.6583 0.3689 0.0531 MCR (107in-lb) 4.5864 1.9430 1.2657 0.5436 0.0918
表十一(b) 簡支梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( W 斷面,L=600(in),BC1 ) MB MCRP PCR W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 1.2456 1.2251 1.1599 1.1877 1.0088 0.1 1.1481 1.1285 1.0769 1.1003 0.9502 0.2 1.0509 1.0323 0.9930 1.0124 0.8894 0.3 0.9535 0.9362 0.9080 0.9237 0.8260 0.4 0.8555 0.8397 0.8212 0.8336 0.7593 0.5 0.7560 0.7420 0.7318 0.7412 0.6881 0.6 0.6539 0.6418 0.6385 0.6454 0.6110 0.7 0.5471 0.5371 0.5390 0.5437 0.5254 0.8 0.4310 0.4234 0.4287 0.4315 0.4259 0.9 0.2936 0.2887 0.2950 0.2963 0.2990 0.98 0.1274 0.1253 0.1290 0.1294 0.1329 PCR (105lb) 5.9470 2.8781 1.6458 0.9223 0.1328 MCR (107in-lb) 1.6073 0.6015 0.5417 0.2076 0.0376
表十二(a) 簡支梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( W 斷面,L=300(in),BC2 ) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 1.2770 1.2476 1.2178 1.2277 1.0520 0.1 1.1605 1.1232 1.1258 1.1268 0.9856 0.2 1.0462 1.0020 1.0336 1.0268 0.9176 0.3 0.9339 0.8839 0.9407 0.9273 0.8475 0.4 0.8234 0.7690 0.8467 0.8279 0.7746 0.5 0.7142 0.6568 0.7507 0.7278 0.6979 0.6 0.6055 0.5470 0.6516 0.6262 0.6160 0.7 0.4956 0.4386 0.5471 0.5209 0.5264 0.8 0.3814 0.3292 0.4326 0.4079 0.4240 0.9 0.2533 0.2122 0.2959 0.2762 0.2957 0.98 0.1075 0.0874 0.1288 0.1191 0.1308 PCR (106lb) 2.3788 1.1512 0.6583 0.3689 0.0531
lb) -in 10 (
MCR 7 2.8228 1.0532 0.9547 0.3653 0.0662
表十二(b) 簡支梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( W 斷面,L=600(in),BC2 ) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 1.2806 1.2505 1.2193 1.2290 1.0523 0.1 1.1795 1.1468 1.1326 1.1386 0.9907 0.2 1.0785 1.0441 1.0448 1.0475 0.9270 0.3 0.9773 0.9419 0.9556 0.9554 0.8604 0.4 0.8756 0.8401 0.8644 0.8618 0.7905 0.5 0.7725 0.7377 0.7704 0.7659 0.7160 0.6 0.6669 0.6339 0.6722 0.6663 0.6353 0.7 0.5567 0.5266 0.5673 0.5607 0.5459 0.8 0.4374 0.4118 0.4511 0.4444 0.4421 0.9 0.2971 0.2784 0.3103 0.3047 0.3101 0.98 0.1285 0.1199 0.1356 0.1329 0.1378 PCR (105lb) 5.9470 2.8781 1.6458 0.9223 0.1328
lb) -in 10 (
MCR 7 1.2195 0.4093 0.4557 0.1660 0.0311
表十三(a) 簡支梁之挫屈彎
M
B( W 斷面,L=300(in),BC3 ) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.9235 0.9165 0.9161 0.9162 0.9391 0.1 0.7896 0.7747 0.7870 0.7805 0.8432 0.2 0.6643 0.6434 0.6653 0.6538 0.7506 0.3 0.5480 0.5229 0.5513 0.5366 0.6613 0.4 0.4408 0.4135 0.4453 0.4291 0.5750 0.5 0.3431 0.3154 0.3477 0.3314 0.4915 0.6 0.2550 0.2289 0.2588 0.2438 0.4103 0.7 0.1768 0.1541 0.1792 0.1667 0.3304 0.8 0.1087 0.0911 0.1093 0.1002 0.2499 0.9 0.0508 0.0403 0.0499 0.0449 0.1629 0.98 0.0120 0.0085 0.0106 0.0090 0.0680 PCR (106lb) 6.0424 3.1770 1.9813 1.0845 0.2124
lb) -in 10 (
MCR 7 8.2313 3.4871 2.2716 0.9757 0.1648
表十三(b) 簡支梁之挫屈彎
M
B( W 斷面,L=600(in),BC3 ) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.9240 0.9191 0.9099 0.9141 0.9418 0.1 0.7996 0.7857 0.7898 0.7894 0.8558 0.2 0.6816 0.6609 0.6748 0.6711 0.7715 0.3 0.5703 0.5450 0.5653 0.5594 0.6888 0.4 0.4660 0.4382 0.4618 0.4548 0.6074 0.5 0.3689 0.3407 0.3648 0.3576 0.5269 0.6 0.2792 0.2527 0.2748 0.2682 0.4468 0.7 0.1973 0.1744 0.1925 0.1871 0.3659 0.8 0.1235 0.1061 0.1187 0.1149 0.2817 0.9 0.0582 0.0480 0.0544 0.0523 0.1872 0.98 0.0130 0.0094 0.0130 0.0101 0.0794 PCR (106lb) 1.5106 0.7943 0.4953 0.2711 0.0531
lb) -in 10 (
MCR 7 2.8846 1.0796 0.9721 0.3726 0.0675
表十四(a) 簡支梁之挫屈彎
M
B( W 斷面,L=300(in),BC4 ) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.7786 0.7790 0.7808 0.7806 0.8609 0.1 0.6501 0.6240 0.6699 0.6570 0.7688 0.2 0.5313 0.4818 0.5650 0.5423 0.6800 0.3 0.4226 0.3528 0.4667 0.4371 0.5946 0.4 0.3247 0.2367 0.3755 0.3417 0.5126 0.5 0.2380 0.1308 0.2917 0.2567 0.4337 0.6 0.1632 0.0000 0.2157 0.1824 0.3578 0.7 0.1007 0.0000 0.1481 0.1193 0.2841 0.8 0.0514 0.0000 0.0894 0.0677 0.2113 0.9 0.0164 0.0000 0.0402 0.0279 0.1350 0.98 0.0000 0.0000 0.0082 0.0050 0.0553 PCR (106lb) 6.0424 3.1770 1.9813 1.0845 0.2124
lb) -in 10 (
MCR 7 6.5042 2.4268 2.1998 0.8417 0.1526
表十四(b) 簡支梁之挫屈彎
M
B( W 斷面,L=600(in),BC4 ) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.7792 0.7796 0.7789 0.7790 0.8449 0.1 0.6739 0.6600 0.6775 0.6738 0.7683 0.2 0.5738 0.5485 0.5798 0.5734 0.6930 0.3 0.4792 0.4458 0.4864 0.4782 0.6189 0.4 0.3905 0.3521 0.3977 0.3888 0.5458 0.5 0.3080 0.2679 0.3143 0.3055 0.4736 0.6 0.2321 0.1934 0.2368 0.2289 0.4016 0.7 0.1631 0.1291 0.1658 0.1594 0.3288 0.8 0.1013 0.0753 0.1021 0.0976 0.2530 0.9 0.0472 0.0323 0.0467 0.0443 0.1681 0.98 0.0097 0.0058 0.0120 0.0084 0.0713 PCR (106lb) 1.5106 0.7943 0.4953 0.2711 0.0531
lb) -in 10 (
MCR 7 2.8099 0.9430 1.0500 0.3825 0.0716
表十五(a) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( 橢圓斷面,WR,QT-1 )CR B M M
L=25cm L=50cm PCR
P a:b=10
a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm 10 -6 0.9950 0.9995 0.9950 0.9995 0.1 0.9432 0.9479 0.9434 0.9481 0.2 0.8887 0.8934 0.8889 0.8937 0.3 0.8307 0.8355 0.8310 0.8359 0.4 0.7685 0.7733 0.7689 0.7738 0.5 0.7011 0.7057 0.7015 0.7063 0.6 0.6266 0.6310 0.6270 0.6317 0.7 0.5423 0.5463 0.5427 0.5470 0.8 0.4424 0.4459 0.4429 0.4466 0.9 0.3126 0.3152 0.3130 0.3157 0.98 0.1397 0.1409 0.1399 0.1412 PCR(N) 1.2112 0.0930 0.3028 0.0233
cm) N 10 (
MCR 1 ⋅ 2.7153 0.2096 1.3566 0.1047 表十五(b) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( 橢圓斷面,WF,QT-1 )CR B M M
L=25cm L=50cm
P PCR a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm 10 -6 0.9949 0.9994 0.9950 0.9995 0.1 0.9432 0.9478 0.9434 0.9481 0.2 0.8886 0.8933 0.8889 0.8937 0.3 0.8306 0.8354 0.8310 0.8359 0.4 0.7685 0.7732 0.7689 0.7738 0.5 0.7010 0.7056 0.7015 0.7063 0.6 0.6266 0.6309 0.6270 0.6317 0.7 0.5422 0.5463 0.5427 0.5470 0.8 0.4424 0.4459 0.4429 0.4465 0.9 0.3126 0.3152 0.3130 0.3157 0.98 0.1397 0.1409 0.1399 0.1412 PCR(N) 1.2112 0.0930 0.3028 0.0233
cm) N 10 (
M+CR 1 ⋅ 2.7153 0.2096 1.3566 0.1047 + Warping free的MCR是取Warping restraint的挫屈負荷
表十六(a) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( 橢圓斷面,WR,QT-2 )CR B M M
L=25cm L=50cm PCR
P a:b=10
a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm 10 -6 1.0346 1.0363 1.0196 1.0181 0.1 1.0110 1.0126 0.9958 0.9943 0.2 0.9840 0.9856 0.9686 0.9670 0.3 0.9525 0.9540 0.9370 0.9353 0.4 0.9152 0.9166 0.8994 0.8976 0.5 0.8698 0.8710 0.8537 0.8518 0.6 0.8128 0.8139 0.7966 0.7946 0.7 0.7384 0.7393 0.7224 0.7203 0.8 0.6351 0.6359 0.6199 0.6179 0.9 0.4753 0.4758 0.4626 0.4609 0.98 0.2231 0.2234 0.2166 0.2157 PCR(N) 1.2112 0.0930 0.3028 0.0233
cm) N 10 (
MCR 1 ⋅ 2.7153 0.2096 1.3566 0.1047 表十六(b) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( 橢圓斷面,WF,QT-2 )CR B M M
L=25cm L=50cm
PCR
P a:b=10
a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm 10 -6 1.0049 1.0004 1.0050 1.0005 0.1 0.9807 0.9761 0.9809 0.9763 0.2 0.9530 0.9482 0.9533 0.9486 0.3 0.9209 0.9159 0.9213 0.9165 0.4 0.8829 0.8778 0.8834 0.8784 0.5 0.8369 0.8316 0.8374 0.8323 0.6 0.7797 0.7743 0.7802 0.7749 0.7 0.7055 0.7002 0.7060 0.7008 0.8 0.6041 0.5990 0.6045 0.5995 0.9 0.4495 0.4453 0.4497 0.4457 0.98 0.2099 0.2078 0.2100 0.2079 PCR(N) 1.2112 0.0930 0.3028 0.0233
cm) N 10 (
M+CR 1 ⋅ 2.7153 0.2096 1.3566 0.1047 + Warping free的MCR是取Warping restraint的挫屈負荷
表十七(a) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( 橢圓斷面,WR,ST )CR B M M
L=25cm L=50cm PCR
P a:b=10
a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm 10 -6 1.0071 1.0041 1.0055 1.0015 0.1 0.9701 0.9745 0.9605 0.9656 0.2 0.9197 0.9272 0.9095 0.9157 0.3 0.8644 0.8729 0.8543 0.8611 0.4 0.8039 0.8129 0.7943 0.8014 0.5 0.7371 0.7462 0.7282 0.7354 0.6 0.6623 0.6711 0.6541 0.6612 0.7 0.5761 0.5844 0.5689 0.5756 0.8 0.4725 0.4798 0.4665 0.4724 0.9 0.3356 0.3412 0.3313 0.3358 0.98 0.1507 0.1532 0.1487 0.1508 PCR(N) 1.2112 0.0930 0.3028 0.0233
cm) N 10 (
MCR 1 ⋅ 5.4305 0.4191 2.7132 0.2093 表十七(b) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( 橢圓斷面,WF,ST )CR B M M
L=25cm L=50cm
PCR
P a:b=10
a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm
a:b=10 a=2.5cm
a:b=30 a=3cm 10 -6 0.9977 1.0038 0.9957 1.0006 0.1 0.9515 0.9566 0.9497 0.9538 0.2 0.9005 0.9060 0.8990 0.9034 0.3 0.8456 0.8513 0.8442 0.8490 0.4 0.7859 0.7917 0.7847 0.7898 0.5 0.7202 0.7261 0.7191 0.7244 0.6 0.6467 0.6524 0.6458 0.6510 0.7 0.5622 0.5676 0.5615 0.5665 0.8 0.4608 0.4656 0.4602 0.4647 0.9 0.3271 0.3308 0.3267 0.3302 0.98 0.1468 0.1485 0.1466 0.1482 PCR(N) 1.2112 0.0930 0.3028 0.0233
cm) N 10 (
M+CR 1 ⋅ 5.4305 0.4191 2.7132 0.2093 + Warping free的MCR是取Warping restraint的挫屈負荷
表十八(a) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B(W 斷面,WR,QT-1,L=300(in)) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 1.2804 1.2503 1.2192 1.2289 1.0522 0.1 1.1791 1.1466 1.1323 1.1384 0.9907 0.2 1.0779 1.0438 1.0444 1.0472 0.9269 0.3 0.9767 0.9417 0.9551 0.9552 0.8604 0.4 0.8750 0.8398 0.8639 0.8616 0.7904 0.5 0.7719 0.7375 0.7699 0.7656 0.7159 0.6 0.6664 0.6337 0.6718 0.6661 0.6353 0.7 0.5563 0.5264 0.5670 0.5605 0.5459 0.8 0.4371 0.4117 0.4508 0.4443 0.4421 0.9 0.2970 0.2783 0.3102 0.3047 0.3101 0.98 0.1285 0.1199 0.1356 0.1329 0.1378 PCR (105lb) 5.9470 2.8781 1.6458 0.9223 0.1328 MCR (107in-lb) 1.2195 0.4093 0.4557 0.1660 0.0311 表十八(b) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B(W 斷面,WR,QT-1,L=600(in))MB MCR PCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 1.2815 1.2511 1.2196 1.2293 1.0523 0.1 1.1858 1.1577 1.1342 1.1421 0.9922 0.2 1.0894 1.0637 1.0475 1.0537 0.9296 0.3 0.9921 0.9689 0.9593 0.9640 0.8642 0.4 0.8933 0.8727 0.8689 0.8721 0.7950 0.5 0.7922 0.7744 0.7754 0.7774 0.7212 0.6 0.6875 0.6726 0.6774 0.6784 0.6409 0.7 0.5770 0.5650 0.5726 0.5727 0.5515 0.8 0.4559 0.4469 0.4559 0.4554 0.4473 0.9 0.3115 0.3058 0.3141 0.3133 0.3142 0.98 0.1354 0.1331 0.1375 0.1370 0.1398 PCR (105lb) 1.4867 0.7195 0.4114 0.2306 0.0332 MCR (106in-lb) 5.8328 1.8710 2.2505 0.8078 0.1527
表十九(a) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B(W 斷面,WR,QT-2,L=300(in)) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.9101 0.9481 0.9069 0.9248 1.0702 0.1 0.8866 0.9196 0.8876 0.9039 1.0495 0.2 0.8621 0.8904 0.8669 0.8818 1.0263 0.3 0.8363 0.8601 0.8444 0.8582 0.9998 0.4 0.8090 0.8285 0.8195 0.8325 0.9687 0.5 0.7794 0.7948 0.7910 0.8037 0.9309 0.6 0.7461 0.7580 0.7567 0.7699 0.8828 0.7 0.7062 0.7154 0.7122 0.7273 0.8180 0.8 0.6520 0.6599 0.6467 0.6659 0.7226 0.9 0.5541 0.5645 0.5256 0.5514 0.5604 0.98 0.3101 0.3251 0.2702 0.2923 0.2727 PCR (105lb) 5.9470 2.8781 1.6458 0.9223 0.1328 MCR (107in-lb) 1.2195 0.4093 0.4557 0.1660 0.0311 表十九(b) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B(W 斷面,WR,QT-2,L=600(in))MB MCR PCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.8728 0.9093 0.8768 0.8867 1.0118 0.1 0.8530 0.8883 0.8582 0.8678 0.9913 0.2 0.8319 0.8662 0.8380 0.8474 0.9681 0.3 0.8092 0.8426 0.8158 0.8251 0.9414 0.4 0.7844 0.8170 0.7908 0.8002 0.9097 0.5 0.7565 0.7884 0.7617 0.7715 0.8711 0.6 0.7237 0.7551 0.7261 0.7368 0.8219 0.7 0.6822 0.7134 0.6793 0.6916 0.7560 0.8 0.6227 0.6538 0.6101 0.6250 0.6608 0.9 0.5127 0.5430 0.4857 0.5033 0.5047 0.98 0.2688 0.2893 0.2427 0.2554 0.2416 PCR (105lb) 1.4867 0.7195 0.4114 0.2306 0.0332 MCR (106in-lb) 5.8328 1.8710 2.2505 0.8078 0.1527
表二十(a) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B(W 斷面,WR,ST,L=300(in)) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.8483 0.8654 0.8611 0.8642 0.9721 0.1 0.8168 0.8278 0.8359 0.8358 0.9448 0.2 0.7832 0.7882 0.8082 0.8050 0.9124 0.3 0.7469 0.7461 0.7770 0.7711 0.8733 0.4 0.7069 0.7006 0.7411 0.7328 0.8259 0.5 0.6618 0.6505 0.6980 0.6883 0.7681 0.6 0.6091 0.5937 0.6442 0.6346 0.6981 0.7 0.5446 0.5267 0.5745 0.5670 0.6128 0.8 0.4602 0.4423 0.4807 0.4772 0.5061 0.9 0.3371 0.3230 0.3462 0.3465 0.3613 0.98 0.1548 0.1486 0.1563 0.1577 0.1627 PCR (105lb) 5.9470 2.8781 1.6458 0.9223 0.1328 MCR (107in-lb) 2.4390 0.8185 0.9114 0.3320 0.0622
表二十(b) 懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B(W 斷面,WR,ST,L=600(in)) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.8357 0.8544 0.8517 0.8522 0.9602 0.1 0.8104 0.8264 0.8295 0.8285 0.9379 0.2 0.7829 0.7961 0.8049 0.8025 0.9087 0.3 0.7525 0.7627 0.7768 0.7732 0.8700 0.4 0.7180 0.7252 0.7434 0.7389 0.8200 0.5 0.6774 0.6817 0.7017 0.6973 0.7585 0.6 0.6275 0.6293 0.6472 0.6444 0.6851 0.7 0.5626 0.5632 0.5743 0.5744 0.5979 0.8 0.4739 0.4748 0.4764 0.4795 0.4913 0.9 0.3431 0.3453 0.3396 0.3440 0.3493 0.98 0.1553 0.1573 0.1521 0.1548 0.1568 PCR (105lb) 1.4867 0.7195 0.4114 0.2306 0.0332 MCR (107in-lb) 1.1666 0.3742 0.4501 0.1616 0.0305
表二十一(a)懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B(W 斷面,WF,QT-1,L=300(in)) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 1.2484 1.1655 1.2147 1.2140 1.0456 0.1 1.1486 1.0652 1.1280 1.1241 0.9844 0.2 1.0491 0.9663 1.0403 1.0338 0.9210 0.3 0.9498 0.8685 0.9513 0.9426 0.8549 0.4 0.8501 0.7716 0.8604 0.8500 0.7853 0.5 0.7494 0.6748 0.7667 0.7551 0.7113 0.6 0.6464 0.5774 0.6689 0.6568 0.6311 0.7 0.5392 0.4775 0.5646 0.5526 0.5422 0.8 0.4234 0.3716 0.4489 0.4379 0.4392 0.9 0.2875 0.2500 0.3088 0.3003 0.3081 0.98 0.1243 0.1073 0.1350 0.1309 0.1369 PCR (105lb) 5.9470 2.8781 1.6458 0.9223 0.1328
+CR
M (107in-lb) 1.2195 0.4093 0.4557 0.1660 0.0311 + Warping free 的MCR是取 Warping restraint 的挫屈負荷
表二十一(b)懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B(W 斷面,WF,QT-1,L=600(in)) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 1.2770 1.2374 1.2191 1.2273 1.0514 0.1 1.1815 1.1446 1.1336 1.1402 0.9914 0.2 1.0854 1.0514 1.0470 1.0520 0.9289 0.3 0.9883 0.9574 0.9588 0.9623 0.8635 0.4 0.8898 0.8622 0.8684 0.8706 0.7944 0.5 0.7891 0.7648 0.7750 0.7760 0.7206 0.6 0.6848 0.6641 0.6771 0.6771 0.6404 0.7 0.5747 0.5578 0.5723 0.5716 0.5510 0.8 0.4541 0.4412 0.4557 0.4545 0.4470 0.9 0.3102 0.3018 0.3139 0.3127 0.3140 0.98 0.1348 0.1314 0.1374 0.1367 0.1397 PCR (105lb) 1.4867 0.7195 0.4114 0.2306 0.0332
+
MCR (106in-lb) 5.8328 1.8710 2.2505 0.8078 0.1527 + Warping free 的MCR是取 Warping restraint 的挫屈負荷
表二十二(a)懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( W 斷面,WF,QT-2,L=300(in)) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.7720 0.7379 0.8308 0.8113 0.9393 0.1 0.7487 0.7101 0.8110 0.7901 0.9169 0.2 0.7244 0.6813 0.7896 0.7675 0.8919 0.3 0.6985 0.6513 0.7661 0.7430 0.8633 0.4 0.6706 0.6196 0.7397 0.7158 0.8300 0.5 0.6398 0.5855 0.7091 0.6849 0.7899 0.6 0.6042 0.5476 0.6719 0.6481 0.7400 0.7 0.5607 0.5031 0.6235 0.6012 0.6749 0.8 0.5010 0.4453 0.5536 0.5346 0.5839 0.9 0.4000 0.3534 0.4334 0.4208 0.4405 0.98 0.2031 0.1803 0.2128 0.2086 0.2084 PCR (105lb) 5.9470 2.8781 1.6458 0.9223 0.1328
+CR
M (107in-lb) 1.2195 0.4093 0.4557 0.1660 0.0311 + Warping free 的MCR是取 Warping restraint 的挫屈負荷
表二十二(b)懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( W 斷面,WF,QT-2,L=600(in)) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.8047 0.8035 0.8397 0.8312 0.9485 0.1 0.7848 0.7823 0.8208 0.8118 0.9270 0.2 0.7634 0.7598 0.8001 0.7909 0.9025 0.3 0.7401 0.7355 0.7772 0.7677 0.8744 0.4 0.7143 0.7087 0.7512 0.7416 0.8411 0.5 0.6847 0.6782 0.7207 0.7112 0.8009 0.6 0.6495 0.6421 0.6833 0.6741 0.7503 0.7 0.6045 0.5962 0.6341 0.6257 0.6839 0.8 0.5401 0.5313 0.5623 0.5555 0.5908 0.9 0.4279 0.4198 0.4386 0.4345 0.4444 0.98 0.2130 0.2090 0.2141 0.2129 0.2095 PCR (105lb) 1.4867 0.7195 0.4114 0.2306 0.0332
+
MCR (106in-lb) 5.8328 1.8710 2.2505 0.8078 0.1527 + Warping free 的MCR是取 Warping restraint 的挫屈負荷
表二十三(a)懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( W 斷面,WF,ST,L=300(in)) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.7743 0.7403 0.8338 0.8152 0.9548 0.1 0.7499 0.7114 0.8132 0.7932 0.9361 0.2 0.7242 0.6816 0.7906 0.7696 0.9106 0.3 0.6968 0.6506 0.7652 0.7437 0.8731 0.4 0.6671 0.6179 0.7350 0.7143 0.8210 0.5 0.6334 0.5825 0.6966 0.6788 0.7560 0.6 0.5929 0.5426 0.6440 0.6323 0.6796 0.7 0.5392 0.4942 0.5705 0.5670 0.5903 0.8 0.4602 0.4280 0.4706 0.4733 0.4830 0.9 0.3347 0.3208 0.3330 0.3376 0.3420 0.98 0.1509 0.1486 0.1483 0.1509 0.1531 PCR (105lb) 5.9470 2.8781 1.6458 0.9223 0.1328
+CR
M (107in-lb) 2.4390 0.8185 0.9114 0.3320 0.0622 + Warping free 的MCR是取 Warping restraint 的挫屈負荷
表二十三(b)懸臂梁之挫屈彎矩
M
B( W 斷面,WF,ST,L=600(in)) MB MCRPCR
P W14×159 W14×90 W10×100 W10×60 W10×30 10 -6 0.8068 0.8069 0.8408 0.8335 0.9557 0.1 0.7855 0.7848 0.8209 0.8132 0.9371 0.2 0.7625 0.7612 0.7989 0.7910 0.9079 0.3 0.7373 0.7354 0.7735 0.7659 0.8631 0.4 0.7083 0.7063 0.7425 0.7357 0.8056 0.5 0.6733 0.6715 0.7016 0.6970 0.7388 0.6 0.6271 0.6264 0.6450 0.6436 0.6628 0.7 0.5615 0.5632 0.5675 0.5690 0.5752 0.8 0.4673 0.4713 0.4657 0.4685 0.4705 0.9 0.3317 0.3365 0.3284 0.3310 0.3332 0.98 0.1477 0.1504 0.1460 0.1473 0.1492 PCR (105lb) 1.4867 0.7195 0.4114 0.2306 0.0332
+CR
M (107in-lb) 1.1666 0.3742 0.4501 0.1616 0.0305 + Warping free 的MCR是取 Warping restraint 的挫屈負荷
圖一 元素座標與元素截面座標
圖二 旋轉向量
b a
b ,
圖三 作用於元素中任一小段的端點負荷
s F F2
M3
b
3
F1
M2
M1
x1
2
F
x
M1
3
x
M
2
1 a
F2 F3
M3
圖四 簡支梁兩端承受彎矩及軸力之結構圖
P M
P A
L
B X 3 X 2
X 1
M
圖五 懸臂梁兩端承受彎矩及軸力之結構圖
L X 3
X 2
X
M 1
P
圖六 QT-1、QT-2、ST 型彎矩示意圖
F/2
QT-1
X
3X
QT-2
F
3F
r
(a)
F/2 X
1F
X
1r
(b)
F
ST
X
3r
X
1F/2
(c)
F/2
圖七 梁之有限元素分割
i+1 x
3(i): the ith element i : the ith node X
32
i
1
X
1φ
e(i) (i)
N x
1N+1
圖八 簡支梁之主要平衡路徑圖
M P
3
X 3
x
1
L
x 2
M P
1
X 1
ϕ
−
圖九 梁元素在主要平衡路徑之自由體圖
p L
M 21
1 X x 3
3
X 1
M F 2
22
1 x 1
p
i:the ith node (i):the ith element
圖十 梁元素之角度放大示意圖
horizon tangent
1 i )
ϕ (
−
1 t(i) 2 φ
1)
-φ t(i
(i) e
φ
2 - 1)
ϕ (i
(i) 1)
-(i
i
e - 1)
φ (i
圖十一 懸臂梁之主要平衡路徑示意圖
P P P
M P
P M
(c) 2L
(b) (a)
M
M
M
L
附錄 A 簡支梁受軸向拉力時之主要平衡路徑
如圖八所示之簡支梁所受的軸力為軸向拉力時,推導的方式和 3.2 節一樣,在此僅 列出部分重要的方程式並做簡單的說明。與(3.2.11)式對應之主要平衡路徑之統御方程式 需改成
0 cos 2
2 4
4
2 − =
φ ζ
ζ d
w P d
d w d S
EI
y e(A.1)
其中 P 需取正值。
(A.1)式的通解可為 ) 0
( )
(
ζ
Ntζ
qw
= (A.2)} 1 cosh
sinh { )
(
ζ a ζ a ζ ζ
t =
N (A.3)
其中q 和 a 的表示與 (3.2.14)及(3.2.15)式相同。 0 (A.2)中q 和端點曲率間的關係可表示成 0
Tk
q0 = (A.4)
⎥ ⎥
⎥ ⎥
⎥ ⎥
⎦
⎤
⎢ ⎢
⎢ ⎢
⎢ ⎢
⎣
⎡
−
−
−
−
=
1 1
1
1 1 cosh 2
cosh 2 1
sinh 2 1 sinh 2
1
2
22
a a
a a
a
T S
(A.5)其中k 和(3.2.21)一樣。
與(3.2.24)對應之方程式需改成 ) (
sin
φ
=κ
1−κ
2Pl
EI
ye (A.6)
與(3.2.32)式對應之方程式需改成
2 cosh
cosh
a
a EI
M
y
κ
=ζ
(A.7)與(3.2.37)式對應之方程式需改成
e y
Pl k EI
φ φ
cos
= −
(A.8)附錄 B 懸臂梁之主要平衡路徑
圖五之懸臂梁的主要平衡路徑,可由一等效簡支梁的主要平衡路徑求得。
如圖十一(a)所示為一長度為 L 之懸臂粱之主要平衡路徑的示意圖,圖十一(b)所示 為兩個長度為 L 的懸臂粱之主要平衡路徑的示意圖,圖十一(b)左右對稱,且右半部和圖 十一(a)相同,圖十一(c)和圖十一(b)為等效結構,兩者有相同的變形,反力和內力。所 以將一長度 2L 的簡支梁等分成 2N 個梁元素,利用 3.2 節的方法求得其主要平衡路徑,
然後再取其右半部之節點,即可當作長度為 L,等分成 N 個元素的懸臂粱之主要平衡路 徑。
附錄 C 擾動後的元素座標及節點旋轉參數
在本推導中所有的向量都是表示成擾動前之元素座標
x
i的分量。令r
10, r
20表示擾動 前之元素節點 1 及 2 的位置向量,0eijs 表示擾動前節點j
之元素斷面座標軸0x
ijs的單位 向量,θ 為擾動前節點0jj
的旋轉參數向量,r
10, r
20及θ , 0j 0eijs (j
=1,2i
=1,2,3)可表 示成} 0 , 0 , 0
0
{
1
=
r
(C.1)} 0 , 0 ,
0
{
2
= l
r
(C.2)} 0 , , 0 {
200
j
=
θ jθ
(C.3)} , 0 ,
1
{
0
j j
s
j
= c − s
e
(C.4)} 0 , 1 , 0
2
{
0
e
sj=
(C.5)} , 0 ,
1
{
0
j j
s
j
= s c
e
(C.6)其中
0
cos
2jc
j=
ϕs
j =sinϕ
20j =θ
20j 當元素節點j
(j
=1,2)受到擾動位移} , ,
{
j j jj
= u v w
u
(C.7)作用時,其位置向量可表示成
j j
j r u
r = 0+ (C.8)
擾動後之元素座標
x
1軸的單位向量可表示成1 2 1 2
1
( r r ) r r
e = − −
(C.9)若取到擾動量的一次項,則(C.9)式可表示成 }
, , 1
1 {
l l
w v
∆= ∆
e (C.10)
其中
∆ v = v
2− v
1、∆ w = w
2− w
1,l為擾動前元素的弦長。當元素節點
j
(j
=1,2)之斷面座標受到擾動旋轉向量將(C.10)、(C.12)式代入(C.14)式且保留到擾動量的一次項可得
j
)}
2 32
附錄 D 梁元素的節點內力
本附錄中的推導是在擾動後的元素座標
x 中推導,但為了式子的簡明,本附錄在推
i導的過程中將變數 )( 用( )代替。
所以由(3.3.6)及(2.6.1)式並取到擾動量的一次項可得
0 3 3
2 1 1
2
θ
θ θ
θ
θ
M M M
M = − +
(D.1)θ 2
M
2M =
(D.2)θ θθ20 3
3
M
12 M
M = − +
(D.3)其中
M
iθ(i
=1,2,3)為廣義力矩,在(2.6.22)~(2.6.24)式中已有定義。令
1
ε
0η
= + (D.4)則(2.6.25)式中的雙力矩可以表示成
C
ssB
θ=
1ηθ1, (D.5)由(2.6.20)式,梁截面在
x 方向的合力可以表示成
20 , 2, 1 3
, 1 2 3
2 1
s s
s
F C
M
F = −
θ+
θ+
θ θ (D.6) 因F
2僅取到擾動量的一次項,所以(D.6)式中之F
1式採用擾動前的F
1。由(2.4.5)、(3.3.6)、(2.6.22)式及(2.6.25)式的微分式,可將
M
1θ表示成sss s s
s s
p
C C
I E
M
1 0 1, 1, 20, 3 20 3,)
1 1,2
1 2
(
θ1
θ θ θ θ ηθθ
θ
=
ε+ + − −
(D.7)由(2.4.5)、(3.3.6)及(2.6.23)式,可將
M
θ2 表示成0 , 2 2
EI
y sM
θ=
θ (D.8)由(2.4.5)、(3.3.6)及(2.6.24)式,可將
M
θ3 表示成0 , 2 1 0
, 1 2
3 ,
2
] 1 )
(
[
η θ θ θ θθ
E I
zv
ssI
yI
z sC
sM = + − −
(D.9)將(D.9)式微分可得
0
q
附錄 E 橢圓及 W 型鋼之斷面常數 A. 橢圓斷面
翹曲函數:
xy b a
b a
2 2
2 2
= +
ω
−
b a
I
y 34 1
π=
(E.1)3
4 1 ab
I
z=
π (E.2)2 2
3 3
b a
b J a
=
π+
(E.3)
2 2 2
2 2 3 3
) 24 (
a b
b a b A a
+
=
π
−ωω (E.4)
)
24 (
2 22 2 3 3
b a
b a b a
yz
+
= −
Ω
π(E.5) 本研究中分析的橢圓斷面有兩種,一為 a:b=10:1 ,另一為 a:b=30:1 的比例。
利用上述所整理(E.1)~( E.5)式,將兩種橢圓之斷面尺寸及常數列表如下 a
y z
b
a :b 10 : 1 30: 1
a(cm) 2.5 3.0
b(cm) 0.25 0.1 )
A(cm2 1.9635 0.942478
) cm (
Iy 4 3.06796 2.120575
) cm 10 (
Iz −2 4 3.06796 0.23562 )
cm (10
J -1 4 1.21503 0.09414
) cm 10 (
Aωω −2 6 3.07048 0.35186 )
cm 10 ( −2 6
Ωyz 3.13251 0.35265
) 10 2
(
−α
1.0 0.11111) 10 ( −2
β
1.98019 0.22197γ
0.505416 0.747525註:
2 2 5000
10000
GJ
= EA EI ,
= GJ I ,
I
cm N G
cm N E
y y
z
=
=
=
β γ
ωωα
B. W 型鋼斷面
(E.6)式),其餘皆是參考 AISC 所出版 Manual of Stell Construction [27],將五種型鋼的 斷面尺寸及常數列表如下
型鋼斷面 W14x159 W14x90 W10x100 W10x60 W10x30
in) (
d 14.98 14.02 11.1 10.22 10.47 in)
(
b 15.565 14.52 10.34 10.08 5.81
)
in (
t
f 1.19 0.71 1.12 0.68 0.51 )in (
tw 0.745 0.44 0.68 0.37 0.3 )
A(in2 46.7 26.5 29.4 17.6 8.84 )
in 10 (
Iy 3 4 1.9 0.999 0.623 0.341 0.170 )
in 10 (
Iz 3 4 0.748 0.362 0.207 0.116 0.0167 )
J(in4 19.8 4.06 10.9 2.48 0.62
)
in 10 (
A
ωω 4 6 3.56 1.6 0.515 0.264 0.0414 )in 10 ( 4 6
Ωyz 3.5462 1.6027 0.5115 0.2636 0.0413 α 0.3937 0.3624 0.3323 0.3402 0.0982
) 10 ( −2
β
0.4025 0.1570 0.6757 0.2809 0.1409) 10 ( 4
γ
0.4655 1.0204 0.1223 0.2756 0.1729註:
ksi G
ksi E
y y
z
11200
29000
GJ
= EA EI ,
= GJ I ,
I
=
=
=
β γ
ωωα
附錄 F 簡支梁及懸臂梁的挫屈軸力
如圖四所示之簡支梁在軸向壓力 P 作用時,造成側向挫屈的軸力可表式成[28]
2 2 min
L P
crπ EI
= (F.1)
其中
I
min為I
y和I
z中較小者如圖五所示之懸臂梁在軸向壓力 P 作用時,造成側向挫屈的軸力可表示成[28]
2 2 min
4L
P
crπ EI
= (F.2)
其中
I
min為I
y和I
z中較小者固端梁在軸向壓力 P 作用時,造成側向挫屈的軸力可表式成[28]
2 2 min
4
L P
crπ EI
= (F.3)
其中
I
min為I
y和I
z中較小者附錄 G 簡支梁及懸臂梁之線性挫屈彎矩