• 沒有找到結果。

5-1 結論

本研究應用彩色質點影像測速法(CPIV 法)進行植生渠道流場試 驗,改變上游水深(5 及 6cm)及入流量(60、80、100L/min)以探 討於不同底床下(光滑平板底床、植生底床)對流速剖面、曼寧 n 值、

植生阻力及能量損失率之影響。綜合實驗結果分析,茲敘述如下:

1. 當水深 6cm、流量 60L/min 慢速流時,近壁區中平均速度分佈符 合對數定律(Log-law),因此此區域已為完全發展段。

2.根據實驗光滑底床及植生底床之流場原圖,比較兩不同底床明顯看 出於植生底床渠道因受到植生影響,植生處之流場較為紊亂,顯影 質點移動方向隨著植生擺動而改變其流動方向,而於光滑底床中之 顯影質點移動方向平行於底床流動。

3.根據實驗光滑底床與植生底床之流場流線圖,比較兩不同底床明顯 可看出植生底床因受到植生擾動,流線往植生處位置向上流動,

底部植生處之流場也較為紊亂而植生上方之流況趨於穩定狀態,

流線震盪幅度不大。

4.水流經植生底床渠道,因受到植生阻力的影響,通水斷面束縮,使 得植生上方區域流速增快,而植生區域的流速相對的減緩。因此,

植生底床有減緩渠流速的能力。

5.當水深越高時,曼寧 n 值則越大,另外,植生底床之曼寧 n 值亦大 於光滑平板。其光滑底床曼寧 n 值變化不大,大約為 0.01,植生底 床之曼寧n 值約為 0.03。

6.將無植生底床與植生底床之阻力與速度迴歸其關係,於光滑平板 下,水流阻力與速度呈一線性關係,其相關係數R 值達 0.789;於 植生渠道下,植生阻力與速度呈一線性關係,其相關係數 R 值達 0.90,屬高度相關,如圖 4-57 與 4-58 所示。

7.比較水流流經光滑平板渠道與植生渠道之能量損失,明顯看出植 生渠道因受植生阻力影響,而能量損失變大,尤其當流量增加或 者水深增加時,能量損失也隨之變大,其底床平板渠道之能量損失 平均為 9.81%,植生渠道之能量損失平均為 11.81﹪。此外,光滑 平板底床與植生底床於水深5cm 時能量損失幅度大於水深 6cm 者。

5-2 建議

1. 本研究之實驗渠槽屬於小型渠槽,實驗條件、實驗模型都受到限 制,因此,建議可擴大實驗渠槽的範圍。

2. 本實驗以慕絲水草為植生模型,往後可選擇河床護岸植生或保護渠 底之植生來進行試驗研究。

3. 本研究之案例設計均為水深漫過植生高度,將來可朝向水深不及植 生高度進行試驗研究。

4. 本實驗之 CPIV 法為二維量測方法,但實際植生渠道流場為三維流 況,故對側向流況變化無法量測,建議未來可利用三維量測技術,

以呈現真實三維流況變化。

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表 4-1 實驗案例表

表 4-3 光滑平板底床之實驗結果

表 4-5 不同底床下之水流阻力

圖 1-1 固定質問窗演算技巧

1-2 img 影像質點的尋找範圍加大

圖1-3 動態校正質問窗示意圖

圖 2-1 儀器架設示意圖

圖 2-2 Agrun 雷射

圖 2-3 PCAOM 所分出來之藍光及綠光示意圖

圖2-4 多彩聲光調變器(PCAOM)

2-5 旋轉八面鏡

2-6 PCI-6601 訊號控制卡

圖 2-7 自製降壓電路版

2-8 實驗渠槽

圖2-9 光滑底床渠道 I

圖2-10 光滑底床渠道 II

2-11 莫絲水草底床

2-12 植生底床渠道

圖2-13 光滑底床俯視圖與側視圖(案例 1-6,Q=60~100L/min)

2-14 植生渠道俯視圖與側視圖(案例 7-12,Q=60~100L/min)

圖3-1 影像計算分析之流程示意圖

圖 3-2 上圖為原圖,左下為分離之藍色影像圖檔,

右下為綠色影像圖檔

圖3-3 藍、綠影像亮度分佈示意圖

3-4 imb、img 比對的方式

3-7 不一致流速向量圖(右下角虛線框處)

圖 3-8 去除不一致流速向量圖(右下角虛線框處)

3-9 經過補圖後之流速向量圖(右下角虛線框處)

圖3-10 RMS 誤差之示意圖

3-11 偏差誤差之示意圖

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5

displacement

number of vectors

圖3-12 已知位移量 4 與 5 畫素之計算結果

0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035

0 2 4 6 8 10

displacement (px)

Bias error

圖3-13 偏移誤差分佈

圖3-14 隨機誤差分佈

圖 3-15 質問窗內質點尋找方式之示意圖

圖4-1 流場穩定測試位置圖

4-2 流場原圖(Q=60L/min,y=6cm)

4-3 速度向量分佈圖(Q=60L/min,y=6cm)

1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

0 2 4 6 8 10

ln(y) V/V*

圖4-4 ln(y)與 V/V*之關係

4-5 案例 1 光滑底床之流場原圖(d=5cm、Q=60L/min)

4-6 案例 1 光滑底床之速度向量分佈圖(d=5cm、Q=60L/min)

4-7 案例 1 光滑底床之流線圖(d=5cm、Q=60L/min)

4-8 案例 1 光滑底床之渦度場圖(d=5cm、Q=60L/min)

圖 4-9 案例 2 光滑底床之流場原圖(d=5cm、Q=80L/min)

4-10 案例 2 光滑底床之速度向量分佈圖(d=5cm、Q=80L/min)

圖4-11 案例 2 光滑底床之流線圖(d=5cm、Q=80L/min)

4-12 案例 2 光滑底床之渦度場圖(d=5cm、Q=80L/min)

4-13 案例 3 光滑底床之流場原圖(d=5cm、Q=100L/min)

圖4-14 案例 3 光滑底床之速度向量分佈圖(d=5cm、Q=100L/min)

4-15 案例 3 光滑底床之流線圖(d=5cm、Q=100L/min)

4-16 案例 3 光滑底床之渦度場圖(d=5cm、Q=100L/min)

4-17 案例 4 光滑底床之流場原圖(d=6cm、Q=60L/min)

4-18 案例 4 光滑底床之流速向量分佈圖(d=6cm、Q=60L/min)

4-19 案例 4 光滑底床之流線圖(d=6cm、Q=60L/min)

圖4-20 案例 4 光滑底床之渦度場圖(d=6cm、Q=60L/min)

圖4-21 案例 5 光滑底床之流場原圖(d=6cm、Q=80L/min)

4-22 案例 5 光滑底床之流速向量分佈圖(d=6cm、Q=80L/min)

圖 4-23 案例 5 光滑底床之流線圖(d=6cm、Q=80L/min)

圖4-24 案例 5 光滑底床之渦度場圖(d=6cm、Q=80L/min)

4-25 案例 6 光滑底床之流場原圖(d=6cm、Q=100L/min)

4-26 案例 6 光滑底床之流速向量分佈圖(d=6cm、Q=100L/min)

圖 4-27 案例 6 光滑底床之流線圖(d=6cm、Q=100L/min)

4-28 案例 6 光滑底床之渦度場圖(d=6cm、Q=100L/min)

圖4-29 案例 7 植生底床之流場原圖(d=5cm、Q=60L/min)

4-30 案例 7 植生底床之速度向量分佈圖(d=5cm、Q=60L/min)

圖 4-31 案例 7 植生底床之流線圖(d=5cm、Q=60L/min)

圖4-32 案例 7 植生底床之渦度場圖(d=5cm、Q=60L/min)

4-33 案例 8 植生底床之流場原圖(d=5cm、Q=80L/min)

圖4-34 案例 8 植生底床之速度向量分佈圖(d=5cm、Q=80L/min)

圖 4-35 案例 8 植生底床之流線圖(d=5cm、Q=80L/min)

圖4-36 案例 8 植生底床之渦度場圖(d=5cm、Q=80L/min)

圖4-37 案例 9 植生底床之流場原圖(d=5cm、Q=100L/min)

圖4-38 案例 9 植生底床之流速向量分佈圖(d=5cm、Q=100L/min)

4-39 案例 9 植生底床之流線圖(d=5cm、Q=100L/min)

圖4-40 案例 9 植生底床之渦度場圖(d=5cm、Q=100L/min)

4-41 案例 10 植生底床之流場原圖(d=6cm、Q=60L/min)

圖4-42 案例 10 植生底床之速度向量分佈圖(d=6cm、Q=60L/min)

圖4-43 案例 10 植生底床之流線圖(d=6cm、Q=60L/min)

圖4-44 案例 10 植生底床之渦度場圖(d=6cm、Q=60L/min)

圖4-45 案例 11 植生底床之流場原圖(d=6cm、Q=80L/min)

圖4-46 案例 11 植生底床之速度向量分佈圖(d=6cm、Q=80L/min)

4-47 案例 11 植生底床之流線圖(d=6cm、Q=80L/min)

圖4-48 案例 11 植生底床之渦度場圖(d=6cm、Q=80L/min)

圖 4-49 案例 12 植生底床之流場原圖(d=6cm、Q=100L/min)

4-50 案例 12 植生底床之速度向量分佈圖(d=6cm、Q=100L/min)

圖4-51 案例 12 植生底床之流線圖(d=6cm、Q=100L/min)

4-52 案例 12 植生底床之渦度場圖(d=6cm、Q=100L/min)

圖4-53 水深 6cm 之光滑底床渠道流速剖面圖

圖 4-55 不同底床下之流速剖面圖(y=6cm,Q=60L/min)

4-56 探討不同底床下之阻力位置示意圖

0 1 2 3 4 5

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

流 速(cm/s)

(cm) 光 滑底床

植 生底床

R2 = 0.783

圖4-59 探討能量損失示意圖

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

流 量 (L/min)

能量損失率()

無植生 (y=5) 無植生 (y=6) 植生

無植生 (y=5) 無植生 (y=6) 植生

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