• 沒有找到結果。

本研究針對醫院提出一耐震補強構想,針對該構想提出建造一反 力鋼構架以黏性阻尼器銜接醫院結構,並以阻尼器銜接兩單自由度系 統與以阻尼器銜接兩多自由度系統之兩種方法推導出黏性阻尼器之 阻尼係數,且以逐樓層與部分樓層加裝阻尼器補強兩種方式,進行動 力歷時分析比較阻尼消能情形。依據研究結果可綜合結論與建議如 下:

1. 將醫院結構與反力鋼構架之第一模態簡化為兩單自由度系統以阻 尼器相銜接,並依據狀態空間法之理論推導出,當兩自由度之頻 率比接近 1 時,阻尼比會隨著頻率比改變而產生大幅變化,所以 在設計時應該避免頻率比接近 1;當兩自由度之頻率比遠離 1 時,

阻尼比會漸漸趨於穩定為一定值,其值可由式(3.44)與式(3.45)估算 得知,且與式(3.26)及式(3.27)相同,而證明了加裝阻尼器所發揮的 效果可由式(3.26)或式(3.27)計算。

2. 本研究發現以阻尼器銜接兩單自由度所推導之阻尼係數

c ,以平

d 均分配方式至各樓層,在逐樓層加裝阻尼器補強方法可有效提供 阻尼比,但部分樓層加裝阻尼器補強方法是無法有效提供阻尼 比。因此以阻尼器消散之能量等於結構之總應變能的觀念,並運 用於阻尼器銜接兩多自由度系統,重新推導出各樓層之阻尼係數

c,分析結果得知以逐樓層與部分樓層加裝阻尼器補強方法皆能有

效提供阻尼比,且由地震歷時分析結果得知,欲補強結構在加裝 阻尼器後可有效的降低反應。

3. 在加裝阻尼器補強後反力構架的位移反應會放大,原因為欲補強 結構及阻尼器的反作用力,作用在反力構架上所造成的,但從動 態的觀點而言,欲補強結構發生最大位移的時間與阻尼出力的時

間有一相角差的關係存在,因此最大反應不會在同一時間發生,

對反力構架不會產生太大力量,由結果得知位移反應小,所以對 反力構架不會造成太大影響。

4. 本研究僅考慮線性黏性阻尼器且以平均分配所推導各樓層之阻尼 係數 c,未來可針對非線性黏性阻尼器以及其他阻尼係數分配方式 加以探討,另外在部分樓層加裝阻尼器補強方面,並未探討加裝 阻尼器的樓層位置與阻尼器數量之最佳化設計的考量,在此建議 加裝阻尼器之總樓層不可過低,原因為從設計公式得知阻尼器兩 端水平相對位移等於欲補強結構的樓層位移,所以低樓層位移反 應小,可能造成阻尼器消能效果不佳,且會造成阻尼器之阻尼出 力過大導致成本提高。

參考文獻

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附表

表 3-1 規則型結構十層樓二維構架之梁柱桿件尺寸

Story Column Story Beam 1F~2F □700×700×36×36 1F~3F H692×400×16×36 3F~6F □650×650×36×36 4F~6F H684×400×16×32 7F~10F □650×650×32×32 7F~10F H592×400×16×36

表 3-2 規則型結構十層樓二維構架各樓層之質量、勁度與正規化模態 Story Mass (ton) Stiffness (kN/m)

φ

i

10 119.6 96069.6 1

9 119.6 123085.4 0.956 8 119.6 132172.1 0.890 7 119.6 142943.2 0.802 6 119.6 155031.6 0.699 5 138 161787.3 0.586 4 138 170163.9 0.461 3 147.2 182516.6 0.330 2 147.2 211498.1 0.198 1 147.2 316685.5 0.080

表 3-3(a) 反力鋼構架十樓層二維構架之梁柱桿件尺寸

Story Column Story Beam 1F~3F 600×600×36×36 1F~10F H400×400×13×21

4F~6F 600×600×28×28 PIPE 7F~10F 600×600×22×22 1F~10F 267.4×9.3

表 3-3(b) 反力鋼構架五樓層二維構架之梁柱桿件尺寸

Story Column Story Beam 1F~2F 500×500×36×36 1F~5F H400×400×13×21

3F~5F 500×500×22×22 PIPE 1F~5F 267.4×9.3

表 3-4 規則型結構十層樓二維構架 X 向地震力豎向分配 Story h

(m)

h (m)

i

W (kN)

i

m) -(kN

i

i

h

W

×

W W

i ×i ×

h

i

h

i

F (kN)

X

10 3.5 35.5 1173.28 41651.30 0.1709 751.29 9 3.5 32 1173.28 37544.83 0.1541 457.34 8 3.5 28.5 1173.28 33438.37 0.1372 407.32 7 3.5 25 1173.28 29331.90 0.1204 357.30 6 3.5 21.5 1173.28 25225.43 0.1035 307.28 5 3.5 18 1353.78 24368.04 0.1000 296.83 4 3.5 14.5 1353.78 19629.81 0.0806 239.12 3 3.5 11 1444.03 15884.35 0.0652 193.49 2 3.5 7.5 1444.03 10830.24 0.0444 131.93 1 4 4 1444.03 5776.13 0.0237 70.36

=

∑ 12906.04 243680.40 1 3212.25

表 3-5 規則型結構十層樓二維構架在豎向分配地震力作用下 X 向各 樓層之層間變位角

Story h (m)

Lateral Displacement (m)

Relative Story Drift (m)

Relative Story Drift Angle

10 3.5 0.074 0.004 0.0011 9 3.5 0.070 0.005 0.0016 8 3.5 0.064 0.007 0.0020 7 3.5 0.058 0.008 0.0022 6 3.5 0.050 0.008 0.0024 5 3.5 0.042 0.009 0.0026 4 3.5 0.033 0.009 0.0027 3 3.5 0.023 0.009 0.0026 2 3.5 0.014 0.008 0.0024 1 4 0.006 0.006 0.0014

表 3-6 規則型結構十層樓二維構架第一模態之有效模態質量計算參 數

Story

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i2

10 119.6 1 119.600 119.600 9 119.6 0.956 114.337 109.305 8 119.6 0.890 106.461 94.766 7 119.6 0.802 95.934 76.952 6 119.6 0.699 83.570 58.394 5 138 0.586 80.817 47.329 4 138 0.461 63.589 29.301 3 147.2 0.330 48.523 15.995 2 147.2 0.198 29.193 5.790 1 147.2 0.080 11.811 0.948

=

∑ 753.835 558.38

表 3-7 反力鋼構架十樓層二維構架第一模態之有效模態質量計算參 數

Story

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i2

10 2.23 1 2.230 2.230 9 3.78 0.931 3.519 3.276 8 3.78 0.851 3.216 2.737 7 3.78 0.761 2.875 2.187 6 4.14 0.661 2.736 1.809 5 4.5 0.559 2.514 1.405 4 4.5 0.450 2.023 0.910 3 4.98 0.335 1.668 0.558 2 5.46 0.223 1.220 0.273 1 5.77 0.110 0.632 0.069

=

∑ 22.633 15.454

表 3-8 反力鋼構架五樓層二維構架第一模態之有效模態質量計算參 數

Story

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i2

5 1.98 1 1.980 1.980 4 3.3 0.885 2.920 2.583 3 3.3 0.712 2.349 1.672 2 3.98 0.491 1.954 0.959 1 4.93 0.269 1.327 0.357

=

∑ 10.53 7.551

表 3-9 規則型結構十層樓二維構架以逐樓層加裝阻尼器補強,並以式

(3.63)計算阻尼係數之計算參數

Story

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i2

φ

2j 10 119.6 1 119.600 119.600 1

9 119.6 0.956 114.337 109.305 0.914 8 119.6 0.890 106.461 94.766 0.792 7 119.6 0.802 95.934 76.952 0.643 6 119.6 0.699 83.570 58.394 0.489 5 138 0.586 80.817 47.329 0.343 4 138 0.461 63.589 29.301 0.213 3 147.2 0.330 48.523 15.995 0.109 2 147.2 0.198 29.193 5.790 0.039 1 147.2 0.080 11.811 0.948 0.006

=

∑ 753.835 558.38 4.548

表 3-10 規則型結構十層樓二維構架以部分樓層加裝阻尼器補強,並 以式(3.63)計算阻尼係數之計算參數

Story

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i2

φ

2j

10 119.6 1 119.600 119.600 No dampers 9 119.6 0.956 114.337 109.305 No dampers 8 119.6 0.890 106.461 94.766 No dampers 7 119.6 0.802 95.934 76.952 No dampers 6 119.6 0.699 83.570 58.394 No dampers 5 138 0.586 80.817 47.329 0.343 4 138 0.461 63.589 29.301 0.213 3 147.2 0.330 48.523 15.995 0.109 2 147.2 0.198 29.193 5.790 0.039 1 147.2 0.080 11.811 0.948 0.006

=

∑ 753.835 558.38 0.710

表 4-1 規則型結構十層樓二維構架受 100%El Centro 地震擾動下,頂

樓、6 樓、3 樓的空構架與加裝阻尼器補強後之比值 最大位移之比值 最大加速度之比值 補強方法

頂樓 6 樓 3 樓 頂樓 6 樓 3 樓

逐樓層 0.64 0.6 0.64 0.74 0.77 0.73 部分樓層 0.67 0.64 0.66 0.79 0.86 0.71

表 4-2 規則型結構十層樓二維構架受 100%TCU065 地震擾動下,頂 樓、6 樓、3 樓的空構架與加裝阻尼器補強後之比值

最大位移之比值 最大加速度之比值 補強方法

頂樓 6 樓 3 樓 頂樓 6 樓 3 樓

逐樓層 0.51 0.5 0.51 0.6 0.71 0.91 部分樓層 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.66 0.7 0.96

表 4-3 規則型結構十層樓二維構架受 200%TAP003 地震擾動下,頂 樓、6 樓、3 樓的空構架與加裝阻尼器補強後之比值

最大位移之比值 最大加速度之比值 補強方法

頂樓 6 樓 3 樓 頂樓 6 樓 3 樓 逐樓層 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.57 0.59 0.71 部分樓層 0.56 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.69

表 4-4 規則型結構十層樓二維構架受 100%Kobe 地震擾動下,頂樓、

6 樓、3 樓的空構架與加裝阻尼器補強後之比值 最大位移之比值 最大加速度之比值 補強方法

頂樓 6 樓 3 樓 頂樓 6 樓 3 樓 逐樓層 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.88 0.95 0.94 部分樓層 0.88 0.79 0.79 0.88 0.98 0.94

表 4-5 規則型結構十層樓二維構架受地震擾動下,以逐樓層加裝阻尼 器補強方法之各樓層的阻尼出力

Story Damper Force (kN)

100%El Centro 100%TCU065 200%TAP003 100%Kobe

10 111 248 119 146

9 104 242 114 122

8 94 232 106 113

7 81 217 95 114

6 68 197 83 107

5 54 171 70 92

4 47 139 55 77

3 39 102 40 65

2 25 64 25 43

1 11 26 10 18

∑ 634 1638 717 898

表 4-6 規則型結構十層樓二維構架受地震擾動下,以部分樓層加裝阻 尼器補強方法之各樓層的阻尼出力

Damper Force (kN) Story

100%El Centro 100%TCU065 200%TAP003 100%Kobe

5 322 1053 421 555

4 263 823 340 400

3 204 585 249 298

2 131 352 153 188

1 53 134 63 75

∑ 973 2946 1225 1515

表 4-7 規則型結構八層樓三維構架之梁柱桿件尺寸

Story Column Story Beam 1F 550×550×36×36 1F~4F H414×405×18×28 2F~4F 550×550×32×32 5F~8F H400×400×13×21 5F~8F 550×550×28×28

表 4-8 規則型結構八層樓三維構架各樓層之質量、勁度與正規化模態

8 614.25 411508.3 1 7 614.25 537799.2 0.931 6 614.25 586113.0 0.830 5 708.75 667240.6 0.700 4 708.75 756869.2 0.553 3 708.75 810294.0 0.401 2 756 920794.2 0.244

1 756 1444840.4 0.096

表 4-9(a) 反力鋼構架八樓層三維構架之梁柱桿件尺寸

Story Column Story Beam 1F~4F 450×450×36×36 1F~4F H400×400×13×21 5F~8F 450×450×32×32 5F~8F H350×350×12×19

PIPE 1F~8F 267.4×9.3

表 4-9(b) 反力鋼構架四樓層三維構架之梁柱桿件尺寸

Story Column Story Beam 1F~4F 450×450×36×36 1F~4F H400×400×13×21

PIPE

1F~4F 267.4×9.3

表 4-10 規則型結構八層樓三維構架 X 向地震力豎向分配

Story h

(m)

h

i(m)

W

i(kN)

m) -(kN

i

i

h

W

×

W W

i

×

i

× h

i

h

i

F

X (kN)

8 3.5 28.5 6025.79 171735.02 0.2045 3555.16 7 3.5 25 6025.79 150644.75 0.1794 2316.51 6 3.5 21.5 6025.79 129554.49 0.1543 1992.20 5 3.5 18 6952.84 125151.12 0.1490 1924.49 4 3.5 14.5 6952.84 100816.18 0.1201 1550.28 3 3.5 11 6952.84 76481.24 0.0911 1176.07 2 3.5 7.5 7416.36 55622.70 0.0663 855.33 1 4 4 7416.36 29665.44 0.0353 456.17

=

∑ 53768.61 839670.94 1 13826.21

表 4-11 規則型結構八層樓三維構架 Y 向地震力豎向分配 Story h

(m)

h

i(m)

W

i(kN)

m) -(kN

i

i

h

W ×

W W

i

×

i

× h

i

h

i

F

Y(kN)

8 3.5 28.5 6025.79 171735.02 0.2045 3559.72 7 3.5 25 6025.79 150644.75 0.1794 2315.49 6 3.5 21.5 6025.79 129554.49 0.1543 1991.31 5 3.5 18 6952.84 125151.12 0.1490 1923.63 4 3.5 14.5 6952.84 100816.18 0.1201 1549.59 3 3.5 11 6952.84 76481.24 0.0911 1175.55 2 3.5 7.5 7416.36 55622.70 0.0663 854.95 1 4 4 7416.36 29665.44 0.0353 455.97

=

53768.61 839670.94 1 13826.21

表 4-12 規則型結構八層樓三維構架在豎向分配地震力作用下 X 向各

樓層之層間變位角 Story h

(m)

Lateral Displacement (m)

Relative Story Drift (m)

Relative Story Drift Angle

8 3.5 0.057 0.004 0.0013 7 3.5 0.053 0.006 0.0017 6 3.5 0.047 0.008 0.0022 5 3.5 0.039 0.008 0.0024 4 3.5 0.031 0.008 0.0024 3 3.5 0.022 0.009 0.0025 2 3.5 0.013 0.008 0.0023 1 4 0.005 0.005 0.0013

表 4-13 規則型結構八層樓三維構架在豎向分配地震力作用下 Y 向各 樓層之層間變位角

Story h (m)

Lateral Displacement (m)

Relative Story Drift (m)

Relative Story Drift Angle

8 3.5 0.057 0.004 0.0012 7 3.5 0.053 0.006 0.0017 6 3.5 0.047 0.007 0.0021 5 3.5 0.039 0.008 0.0024 4 3.5 0.031 0.009 0.0024 3 3.5 0.023 0.009 0.0025 2 3.5 0.014 0.008 0.0024 1 4 0.005 0.005 0.0014

表 4-14 規則型結構八層樓三維構架的第一模態之有效模態質量,並 以逐樓層加裝阻尼器補強以式(3.63)計算阻尼係數之計算參數

Story

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i2

φ

2j 8 614.25 1 614.250 614.250 1 7 614.25 0.931 571.732 532.157 0.866 6 614.25 0.830 509.981 423.412 0.689 5 708.75 0.700 496.091 347.240 0.490 4 708.75 0.553 392.168 216.996 0.306 3 708.75 0.401 284.456 114.166 0.161 2 756 0.244 184.302 44.930 0.059 1 756 0.096 72.723 6.996 0.009

=

3125.703 2300.147 3.58

表 4-15 反力鋼構架八樓層三維構架第一模態之有效模態質量計算參 數

Story

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i2

8 6.18 1 6.180 6.180 7 9.44 0.919 8.678 7.978 6 9.44 0.821 7.747 6.357 5 9.44 0.706 6.665 4.705 4 10.52 0.579 6.093 3.529 3 10.88 0.443 4.822 2.137 2 10.88 0.298 3.240 0.965 1 11.34 0.146 1.655 0.241

=

∑ 45.08 32.092

表 4-16 規則型結構八層樓三維構架的第一模態之有效模態質量,並 以部分樓層加裝阻尼器補強以式(3.63)計算阻尼係數之計算參數

Story

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i2

φ

2j

8 614.25 1 614.250 614.250 No dampers 7 614.25 0.931 571.732 532.157 No dampers 6 614.25 0.830 509.981 423.412 No dampers 5 708.75 0.700 496.091 347.240 No dampers 4 708.75 0.553 392.168 216.996 0.306 3 708.75 0.401 284.456 114.166 0.162 2 756 0.244 184.302 44.930 0.059 1 756 0.096 72.723 6.996 0.009

=

3125.703 2300.147 0.536

表 4-17 反力鋼構架四樓層三維構架第一模態之有效模態質量計算參 數

Story

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i

m

i

φ

i2

4 7.3 1 7.300 7.300

3 10.88 0.849 9.235 7.839 2 10.88 0.620 6.741 4.176 1 11.34 0.333 3.776 1.257

=

∑ 27.052 20.572

表 4-18 規則型結構八層樓三維構架受 100%El Centro 地震擾動下,

頂樓、6 樓、3 樓的空構架與加裝阻尼器補強後之比值

最大位移之比值 最大加速度之比值 補強方法

頂樓 6 樓 3 樓 頂樓 6 樓 3 樓

頂樓 6 樓 3 樓 頂樓 6 樓 3 樓

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