• 沒有找到結果。

5-1 結論

本實驗使用高介電材料鈦酸鍶製作MIM 電容,所達到的最佳電容密度為 32 fF/μm2。為了降低漏電流密度,利用氧氣爐管氧氣退火,退火溫度為500oC,已達成 降低漏電流以及提高電容值的目的。經過爐管氧氣500oC 退火的實驗参數條件的電容 密度可以達到29 fF/μm2,漏電流密度降低到7.7x10-8 A/cm2,符合2006 年公布的 ITRS Roadmap 對 2020 年的 DRAM 電容規格:電容密度 23 fF/μm2,電流密度在0.9V 時小 於2x10-7 A/cm2,如表5-1 所示。

將其他文獻以及實驗STO 材料的介電常數值與厚度作分布統計圖,如圖 5-2 所 示。STO 的介電常數會隨著厚度的增加而增加,在相同厚度之下,本論文的介電常數 值為目前文獻探討的最高值。

我們將目前對鈦酸鍶材料應用於MIM 的電容結構的研究,最佳的電容密度與在 電壓0.9V 時所得到的電流密度大小列於表 5-1。本實驗結果雖然不是所有研究當中最 好的,但是也相差不遠。對於本實驗出現高介電係數的試片A,經過穿透式電子顯微 鏡、射掃描電子顯微鏡、歐傑電子能譜儀分析、原子力顯微鏡、微區表面化學電子能 譜儀、X-光繞射儀的分析,試片 A 具有高介電係的原因仍然不明。

經過400oC、500oC、600oC、700oC、800oC 退火之後,我們發現 STO 在退火溫 度高於600oC 時,具有結晶飽和的現象,因此再增加退火溫度也是無法使得電容值再 提高。在想要兼顧高電容值以及漏電又不能太大的情形之下, 500oC 是較佳的條件。

在不同的氣體退火當中,氧氣爐管退火可以明顯降低漏電流,而且達到增加電 容值的目的。觀察退火溫度以及氣體對於︱α︱值的影響,發現 STO 因為材料本身的 特性︱α︱值很大,很難達成 ITRS 在 2018 年所規定的 RF 電路 α 值須小於 100 的規 格。

在沉積STO 的研究中,由文獻得知通入氧氣沉積 STO 可以使得 Ti 和 Sr 有足夠

的氧鍵結形成比較好的STO。本實驗使用不同的氧氣比例,觀察氧氣流量含量的多寡 對介電質STO 的影響。經觀察認為適量的氧氣比例才能夠得到較高的介電係數以及 較低的漏電流。在過量的氧氣之下,會有抑制STO 結晶的現象發生,使得介電係數 數降低。在本實驗的結果中,將漏電大小和介電常數值大小取其平衡,18:12 的氬氣 與氮氣為最佳沉積條件。

除了研究實驗参數的改變對於STO 的影響,本論文也對電流機制作了分析,發 現STO 的主要電流機制為 Shcottky emission。在適量氧氣比例下沉積,會對漏電機制 有所影響。如氬氣氧氣比為18:12,沉積時間 80min 的試片,其金屬電極和 STO 具有 較高的能障,所以電流的Shcottky emission 便出現在較高的電場之下,對於漏電會有 所改善。實驗亦發現氮氣退火使得能障降低漏電變大,使得試片具有較強烈的Shcottky emission 機制。所以再適當的氧氣流量下沉積 STO,再經過氧氣爐管退火的程序,就 能增加能障的高度,可以有效的降低漏電流.

5-2 未來展望

對於未來堆疊式電容的所需求的電容密度越來越高,高介電係數鈦酸鍶為一種具 有相當潛力的材料。本實驗雖然電容密度以及漏電流都已達到ITRS 的要求,但是對 於較薄的薄膜仍尚未研究。在厚度下降的情形之下,漏電流勢必升高,除了氧氣退火 外如何更有效降低漏電,也是一個值得研究探討的方向。

對於在400oC 沉積的薄膜,具有高介電常數值,抱有很大的期望。現有設備無法 將沉積溫度再提升至400OC 或是更高,此為一缺憾。若能在此溫度之下再進行其他参 數的改良,想必對於動態式記憶體是一大貢獻。

本論文發現介電係數、漏電流密度、電容電壓係數、介電損耗之間有特定的關係,

其間的機制還不是非常清楚,也是值得深入探討的主題。

表5-1 2006 年 ITRS 提出 2014 年到 2020 年的電容密度規格以及漏電流,目前 STO 其 他文獻参考數值

0 200 400 600 800 1000 0

200 400 600 800

1000 others

this work

dieletric constant

Thickness(nm)

圖5-2 其他文獻沉積 STO 的介電常數與厚度關係係統計分布圖

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