本計畫在採樣點之選擇設計上，選擇台中市及彰化縣共四個測站，分 別包括兩個沿海測站(台中龍津高中、彰化線西國中)及兩個內陸測站(台中 大智國小、台中忠信國小)，如此設計，一方面能反應排放源砷排放之影響，
另一方面則藉由各地區氣膠酸度之差異，來反應不同氣膠酸度五價砷/三價 砷比值之影響進而討論砷物種分佈的因素。
在本計畫中，計算五價砷/三價砷之比值，其結果為沿海高於內陸，霾 事件日低於非霾事件日，日間高於夜間。分析氣膠的總酸度及現址酸度，
發現酸度愈高其五價砷/三價砷比值愈高，此種變化在日間與夜間、沿海與 內陸及霾事件與非事件間均有一致的現象。如將氣膠分成酸性氣膠及鹼性 氣膠，結果發現酸性氣膠其五價砷/三價砷比值明顯高於鹼性氣膠之該比值。
本研究探討氣膠酸度對五價砷/三價砷比值變化之影響，其研究結果與一般 水體中五價砷易存在於酸性水中，而三價砷易存在於鹼性水中之現象一 致。
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附錄一 補充資料
再將內陸地區 PM2.5濃度大於35 μg/m3的日間與夜間進行比較，五價
間高，夜間五價砷/三價砷比值為 6.93 小於日間五價砷/三價砷比值 9.86，
與前述結果一致，氣膠的總酸度會造成五價砷/三價砷比值變動，且總酸度 相對較小時，五價砷/三價砷比值亦相對較小。
再將沿海地區 PM2.5濃度大於35 μg/m3的日間與夜間進行比較，五價 砷/三價砷比值及 PM2.5濃度都不具有統計上明顯差異(p<0.05)，然而，總酸 度具有統計上明顯差異(p<0.05)，夜間三價砷濃度 0.43 ng/m3高於日間三價 砷濃度0.20 ng/m3(數據未呈現)，此結果與 4.3 節所得到夜間三價砷濃度高 於日間三價砷濃度的結果一致，而夜間總酸度為-6.83 nmol/m3小於日間總 酸度31.3 nmol/m3，夜間總酸度有利於三價砷 [24, 37]，使得夜間五價砷/
三價砷比值4.78 小於日間五價砷/三價砷比值 8.46，因此，在 PM2.5濃度大 於35 μg/m3的情況下，可以看出在沿海地區其夜間總酸度變動造成三價砷 濃度變高，成為影響五價砷/三價砷比值變小的主要原因，與前述結果一致，
氣膠的總酸度會造成五價砷/三價砷比值變動，且總酸度相對較小時，五價 砷/三價砷比值亦相對較小。綜合上述討論，以 PM2.5 濃度大於跟小於 35 μg/m3作為區分，特別是在 PM2.5濃度大於35 μg/m3的情況下，可以看出主 要在內陸地區夜間及沿海地區夜間有明顯變化，夜間總酸度與日間總酸度 有不同，且夜間總酸度都較低，造成夜間三價砷濃度較高，並具有統計上 明顯差異(p<0.05)，而經過深入討論比較後，在本計畫中可以得知夜間總 酸度變化成為影響三價砷濃度及五價砷/三價砷比值的主要原因之一。
表1 內陸地區與沿海地區之日間與夜間平均溫度、
平均濕度、平均風速、平均臭氧濃度與風向之比較
內陸地區氣象條件 日間 夜間
平均溫度(℃) 28.4 ± 6.0 24.3 ± 4.9* 平均相對濕度(%) 60.1 ± 10.6 75.0 ± 7.6* 平均風速(m/s) 2.0 ± 0.7 1.4 ± 0.6* 平均臭氧濃度(ppb) 49.5 ± 27.2 19.7 ± 9.3*
風向 北北西、北 北北東
沿海地區氣象條件 日間 夜間
平均溫度(℃) 26.4 ± 5.8 23.1 ± 4.7* 平均相對濕度(%) 71.0 ± 9.1 82.7 ± 6.8* 平均風速(m/s) 3.8 ± 2.3 2.5 ± 2.1* 平均臭氧濃度(ppb) 47.5 ± 20.2 25.0 ± 10.9*
風向 北 北北東
註：* p<0.05 表示內陸地區與沿海地區達到統計分析上“顯著差異”
的標準，p 值為 t 檢定(student's t test)分析之結果
表2 比較內陸地區之日間與夜間總酸度與 As5+/As3+比值 (依 PM2.5濃度大於及小於35 μg/m3區分)
註：*為 p<0.05 表示日間與夜間達到統計分析上“顯著差異”
的標準，p 值為 t 檢定(student's t test) 分析之結果
日間 夜間
內陸地區(PM2.5 < 35) (n=17) (n=23) PM2.5濃度 (μg/m3) 25.6 ± 5.01 22.8 ± 7.66
Total acidity (nmol/m3) 5.24 ± 14.6 2.80 ± 17.5
As5+/As3+ 6.72 ± 3.66 5.69 ± 2.80
內陸地區(PM2.5 > 35) (n=14) (n=5) PM2.5濃度 (μg/m3) 47.5 ± 14.1 60.4 ± 13.0*
Total acidity (nmol/m3) -11.9 ± 34.8 -24.3 ± 12.2
As5+/As3+ 8.66 ± 4.98 5.80 ± 1.18
表3 比較沿海地區之日間與夜間總酸度與 As5+/As3+比值 (依 PM2.5濃度大於及小於35 μg/m3區分)
註：*為 p<0.05 表示日間與夜間達到統計分析上“顯著差異”
的標準，p 值為 t 檢定(student's t test) 分析之結果
日間 夜間
沿海地區(PM2.5 < 35) (n=15) (n=23) PM2.5濃度 (μg/m3) 25.0 ± 7.12 18.0 ± 7.72*
Total acidity (nmol/m3) 25.5 ± 17.5 14.0 ± 15.7*
As5+/As3+ 9.86 ± 7.75 6.93 ± 5.37
沿海地區(PM2.5 > 35) (n=6) (n=6) PM2.5濃度 (μg/m3) 45.9 ± 9.08 41.8 ± 5.36
Total acidity (nmol/m3) 31.3 ± 33.3 -6.83 ± 16.8*
As5+/As3+ 8.46 ± 4.20 4.78 ± 6.53
附錄二 分析數據之品保與品管(QA/QC)
表1 三價砷、五價砷檢量線公式(0.2 - 50 ng/mL) 及 R 值-CAL
砷物種 檢量線公式 R 值
第一次採樣
As3+ y= 804 X ＋232 0.9996 As5+ y= 480 X －16 0.9999 第二次採樣
As3+ y= 9125 X －228 0.9994 As5+ y= 6284 X －529 1.0000 第三次採樣
As3+ y= 5729 X ＋104 1.0000 As5+ y= 3604 X ＋168 1.0000
第四次採樣
As3+ y= 5934 X ＋123 0.9999 As5+ y= 97905 X ＋39593 0.9997
表2 陰陽離子低濃度檢量線公式(0.1 - 2 μg/mL) 及 R 值-CAL
陰陽離子 檢量線公式 R 值
第一次採樣
NH4+ y= 248105 X ＋46058 0.9975 NO3- y= 0.1341 X －0.0005 1.0000 SO42- y= 0.1733 X －0.0067 0.9998 第二次採樣
NH4+ y= 184042 X ＋16206 0.9968 NO3- y= 0.1463 X －0.0034 0.9999 SO42- y= 0.1825 X －0.0101 0.9996 第三次採樣
NH4+ y= 260588 X ＋28928 0.9966 NO3- y= 0.1424 X －0.0008 0.9998 SO42- y= 0.1817 X －0.0067 0.9997
第四次採樣*
NH4+ y= 260588 X ＋28928 0.9966 NO3- y= 0.1424 X －0.0008 0.9998 SO42- y= 0.1817 X －0.0067 0.9997
*第四次採樣樣品與第三次採樣樣品前處理與分析時間在同一段時間內進 行，因此採用相同檢量線
表3 陰陽離子高濃度檢量線公式(2 - 20 μg/mL) 及 R 值-CAL
陰陽離子 檢量線公式 R 值
第一次採樣
NH4+ y= 99137 X ＋433145 0.9952 NO3- y= 0.1561 X －0.0794 0.9996 SO42- y= 0.2026 X －0.1098 0.9996 第二次採樣
NH4+ y= 76404 X ＋281700 0.9969 NO3- y= 0.1676 X －0.0798 0.9996 SO42- y= 0.2190 X －0.1364 0.9994 第三次採樣
NH4+ y= 104669 X ＋414791 0.9961 NO3- y= 0.1663 X －0.0808 0.9997 SO42- y= 0.2160 X －0.1252 0.9996
第四次採樣
NH4+ y= 104669 X ＋414791 0.9961 NO3- y= 0.1663 X －0.0808 0.9997 SO42- y= 0.2160 X －0.1252 0.9996
*第四次採樣樣品與第三次採樣樣品前處理與分析時間在同一段時間內進 行，因此採用相同檢量線
科技部補助專題研究計畫成果報告自評表 arsenic (V) concentrations, and arsenic (V) / arsenic (Ⅲ) ratios between haze and non-haze days
4. 主要發現
本研究 具有政策應用參考價值： ■否 □是，建議提供機關_______
(勾選「是」者，請列舉建議可提供施政參考之業務主管機關)
本研究具影響公共利益之重大發現：■否 □是
106年度專題研究計畫成果彙整表
著作權 0 variations of arsenic (Ⅲ) and arsenic (V) concentrations, and arsenic (V) / arsenic (Ⅲ) ratios between haze and non-haze days
專任助理 6