自學:從老師的自主學習思索學生的自主學習
II. 訪問十位世界頂尖應用語言學暨語言教育研究學者,了解學術出版經驗與
現狀
本案計畫主持人與研究團隊在PSU研習期間,就三個目的訪談了十位來自美、加、澳 等世界頂尖學者:
1. 分享計畫主持人及研究團隊國科會計畫成果,並聽取國際知名學者回饋與意見。
2. 邀請頂尖研究學者們分享,在教學、研究與服務的專業發展歷程;一路走來,當中最關 鍵的人地時事物啟發與學習為何?
3. 邀請國際知名學者分享他們在學術論文寫作與發表之歷程與經驗,以及對年輕學者的建 言。
以下為受訪學者、服務學校、訪談時間、訪談地點、訪談學者與研究團隊之合照。
筆者與研究團隊就學術論文寫作與發表訪談十位來自美、加、澳等世界頂尖學者:
1. 圖一、Dr. Tim McNamara, University of Melbourne (June 30, 2009 Cafeteria, PSU)
2. 圖二、Dr. Steven L. Throne, Penn State University (July 1, 2009 Willard Hall, PSU)
3. 圖三、Dr. Leo van Lier, Monterey Institute of International Studies (July 1, 2009 Brill Hall, PSU)
4. 圖四、Dr. Claire Kramsch, University of California, Berkeley (July 1, 2009 Starbucks, PSU)
5. 圖五、Dr. Alister Cumming, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto (July 3, 2009 Brill Hall, PSU)
6. 圖六、Dr. Lourdes Ortega, University of Hawaii at Manoa (July 14, 2009 Brill Hall, PSU)
7. 圖七、Dr. Suresh Canagarajah, Penn State University (July 14, 2009 TESOL Office, PSU)
8. 圖八、Dr. Karen E. Johnson, Penn State University (July 15, 2008 Sparks, PSU)
9. 圖九、Dr. Jim Lantolf, Penn State University (July 16, 2009 Willard Hall, PSU)
10. 圖十、Dr. Elana Shohamy, Tel Aviv University (July 17, 2009 Willard Hall, PSU)
III. 發表國科會專題研究計劃成果
筆者與研究團隊以與會者身分獨獲大會安排,於98年6月27日之每日論壇(Forum)中發 表國科會專題研究之成果。論壇主持人Dr. Alister Cumming (Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto) 教授特別邀請五位應用語言學主要國際期刊論文的主編,
親自聆聽我們的報告並做評論,這五位與談人的加持,突顯本團隊研究議題的重要性,吸 引了來自世界各國學者及全美各地的研究生120人參與,針對「期刊論文發表」此一議題,
熱情迴響並提出他們的經驗與建言。原計畫進行1 小時的論壇 (7:30-8:30pm),由於與會人 員提論及熱烈討論,欲罷不能,整個論壇在9:10pm 過後才正式落幕。由於參加論壇的聽眾 為來自世界各國的學者和研究生,在論壇發表後,尚有相當多的時間與機會(研習課程前、
中、後)與我們團隊對話與互動,增加了團隊研究成果的能見度,提昇論文的品質,為國際 期刊所接受的機會也將大幅地提高。以下為此行發表論文之英文摘要與發表後之合影。
“Have you been able to I ”: Multilingual Writers’ Experiences in Scholarly Publications
(A presentation at Penn State University, June 27, 2009)PRESENTERS: Yi-Hsuan Gloria Lo (駱藝瑄), National Penghu University; Chin-Chi Chao (招 靜琪), National Chengchi University; Hui-Chin Vicky Yeh (葉惠菁), National Yunlin University of Technology
ABSTRACT
Scholarly publication has been one of the important indicators for the academia world wide, which is also an essential part of professional development. However, few studies have been conducted to understand how junior scholars in Taiwan learn to write for publication. Moreover, little is known about how these novice scholars negotiate with various target discourse
communities both locally (in Taiwan) and internationally. An in-depth case study is proposed to address the above issues.
This study intends to document the processes and tensions experienced by junior EFL scholar’s learning to write for publication during their years of individual engagement in publication in a doctoral language education program, and in their subsequent publishing practices upon returning to be novice professionals in language education departments in Taiwan as they participated individually and collaboratively in different layers of the peripheries (Lave & Wenger, 1991).
Grounded in theories of postmodernism, this study will employ collaborative narrative inquiry mediated by three young scholars to capture the complexities of learning to publish across hidden and subtle social, political and linguistic boundaries. Major methods of data collection will include collaborative narrative inquiry through conversations, dialogue journal exchanges, and inspection of relevant publications and documents. Gee’s discourseanal (1999) serves as an analytical framework for examining four interconnected issues proposed by Casanave &
Vandrick (2003): (1) situated writing practices within multiple academic communities (2) invisible challenges, (3) identity and voice, and finally (4) power and position.
The findings show that junior TESOL scholars have to position themselves toward multiple academic communities while they engage in both domestic and international scholarly
publications. They also have to overcome linguistic, socio-political and institutional boundaries.
圖11、筆者與研究夥伴在論文發表會後與論壇主持人及五位SSCI期刊主編留影:
論壇主持人(後排右1): Dr. Alister Cumming, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto)
論壇與談人(前排右至左依序): Dr. Claire Kramsch, University of California, Berkeley, Dr.
Diane Larsen Freemen, University of Michigan, Dr. Nick Ellis, University of Michigan, Dr. Leo van Lier, Monterey Institute of International Studies, and Dr. Suresh Canagarajah, Penn State University
I.V. 參訪賓州州立大學語言教育研究中心
賓州州立大學語言教育中心 (The Center for Advanced Language Proficiency Education and Research, 簡稱 CALPER) 是美國的教育部設立的語言教育資源中心,它以研究開發外 國語教育用的各式教材為主要任務。另有Penn State Center for Language Acquisition,則為 CALPER中心下所成立的語言研究中心,旨在進行語言相關之研究,此次2009 Summer Institute of Applied Linguistics 就是由Penn State Center for Language Acquisition 來籌辦,而 該大學之應用語言學研究所(Penn State Department of Applied Linguistics)的博碩士學生也有 機會取得中心的獎學金,而投入兩個中心的教學或(暨)研究工作。
社會服務(經由CALPER)、研究(經由Center for Language Acquisition)、與教學(經由研究 生之投入) 三者間正向互利共生的運作機制,也為該校應用語言學研究所的師生提供了最 有利的成長環境,促成校內外學者攜手跨領域合作,相互提攜、互助研究,讓美國賓州州 立大學成為孕育世界頂尖的語言教育研究學者的搖籃。這兩個中心特殊之處就在於幾乎所 有的研究員都是應用語言學與語言教育的頂尖學者。在主任Prof. Lantolf領導之下,他們以
衛考斯基的社會文化學習理念,在整個學術領域中扮演舉足輕重的角色,包括Lantolf、Joan Kelly Hall在社會文化學習理論之建構與推廣方面、Suresh Canagarajah (前任TESOL主編)在 社會語言學與語言政策方面、Steven Thorne在科技與語言教育方面、Karen Johnson 與Paula Golombek在師資培訓與在職教育方面等等,個個都非常有成就,且在全世界非常有影響 力。社會服務(CALPER)、研究(Center for Language Acquisition)、與教學金三角的互動運作 模式,也使得中心成為研究學者及第一線的語言教師之間最佳的對話橋樑。理論與實務、
職前與在職、研究與教學、大學與中小學間的連結、對話與互動方式,是本研究案追尋的 實務社群的真實呈現。
參觀語言教育研究中心本身的硬體建設,倒沒有讓人有驚艷的感覺,它只是一個簡單 的三人辦公室加上一個陳列各項著作與出版品的房間,它的隔壁就是TESOL的總辦公室,
雖貴為領導全球TESOL研究之中心點,其實也是非常簡單,看起是個實實在在的工作區域,
非旨在歌功頌德。但是,參觀硬體建設的具體收穫在出版品,筆者帶回了帶回與研究主題 相關之參考著作目錄,並選購兩片光碟片,分別為【動態測驗評量】(Dynamic Assessment) 及【教師專業成長】(Teaching Heritage and Domestic Language Learners in LCTL Courses),
可供研究與教學參考使用。有關該中心的更詳盡的簡介,請詳見網頁 http://calper.la.psu.edu/ 。
圖12、參觀 CALPER 及其出版品之展示
V. 建立學術人脈,促進學術交流
這次活動前後兩期約有兩百多位來自全球各地的學者與研究生參與,大部分的講者及 與會者,都被安排在Brill Hall 住宿,一連四週每日早餐都在一起,有非常多的機會交流與 建立學術人脈。筆者的斜對門住的是Dr. Leo van Lier, 每天早上六點鐘就聽到他出門跑步,
接著七點鐘會在樓下的咖啡室取用咖啡,順便可以就前一日的課程或討論內容作當面請 益。Dr. Lourdes Ortega 每日只要有空,就會在大廳抱著筆電寫作,用功的程度令人佩服。6 月29 日我們團隊發表論文之後,學者也紛紛在行進間給予鼓勵並做非正式討論。有天一打 開宿舍門,Dr. Claire Kramsch (University of California, Berkeley) 正好抱著衣服經過,她親 切的停下來跟我討論論文,一聊就是一個小時,這些非正式的互動畫面讓筆者在閱讀與寫 作時候,很清楚地感受這國際學術族群的具體存在。筆者因此得以在2010 年 5 月 28 日到 6 月 4 日邀請到 Leo van Lier 在文山研討會做主題演講並舉行為期一週的講座(Seminar),為
國內研究生與學者製造與國際學者互動的機會。相關細節,請另參考Leo van Lier 來訪結案 報告。
附件、與會證明
July 28, 2009
National Chenchi University 64 Sect 2 Chin-nan St.
Taipei, Taiwan 11672 Republic of China
This letter shall serve as an official notification of Dr. Chin-Chi Chao participation in the 2009 Summer Institute of Applied Linguistics. The institute was held at The Pennsylvania State University in University Park, Pennsylvania on June 22 through July 17, 2009.
During the Institute, Dr. Chao attended and participated in the following classes:
APLNG 597E - Technology, Mediation, and Second-Language Development (Instructor: Steven L. Thorne, The Pennsylvania State University)
APLNG 597K - Language as Symbolic Power
(Instructor: Claire Kramsch, University of California, Berkeley)
APLNG 596C - Self, Identity, Agency: The Theory and Practice of Action-based Learning and Teaching (Instructor: Leo Van Lier, Monterey Institute of International Studies)
APLNG 596G – Second Language Conversations
(Instructor: Johannes Wagner, University of Southern Denmark)
APLNG 497A – Second-Language Teacher Education (Instructor: Karen E. Johnson, The Pennsylvania State University and Paula Golombek, University of Florida)
APLNG 497G – Sociocultural Theory and the Pedagogical Imperative (Instructor: James P. Lantolf, The Pennsylvania State University)
Sincerely,
Cindy
Cindy Stearns, Conference Planner
225 The Penn Stater Conference Center & Hotel The Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA 16802-7002
phone: 814-863-5133; fax: 814-863-5190 [email protected]