山中正夫，1974。 台灣產蝶類の分佈(4)。蝶と蛾 25, Suppl. 1: 41-42。
林文智，2004。台灣自然觀察圖鑑：台灣的野花—低海拔篇 1300 種。
渡假出版社有限公司。
林建村。1994。溪頭營林區蝶相及其棲地之研究。國立台灣大學森林 學研究所。碩士論文。
徐堉峰，1997。台灣蝶圖鑑—第一卷。台灣省立鳳凰谷鳥園。
徐堉峰，2002。台灣蝶圖鑑—第二卷。台灣省立鳳凰谷鳥園。
徐堉峰，2006。台灣蝶圖鑑—第三卷。國立鳳凰谷鳥園。
徐國士、宋永昌、呂勝由。2001。臺灣植被類型圖說。國立台灣科學 教育館。
徐國士、林則桐、陳玉峰、呂勝由。1984。太魯閣國家公園植物生態 資源調查報告。內政部營建署。
徐靖雯。2006。Bray-Curtis 指標與其他相似性指標之模擬探討。國立 清華大學統計學研究所碩士論文。
許皓捷，2003。台灣山區鳥類群聚的空間及季節變異。台大動物學研 究所。博士論文。
許皓捷，2006。太魯閣國家公園鳥類群聚之研究（一）。內政部營建 署太魯閣國家公園管理處。
陳玉峰，1995。台灣植被誌（第一卷）。玉山社出版事業股份有限公 司。
陳妙玲，1991。蝶類組成與其棲息地植群關係之研究-以宜蘭農工專 校實驗林場為例。國立台灣大學森林研究所碩士論文。
曾盛堂，1996。太魯閣國家公園合歡山地區危險因子之調查與分析。
國立中興大學水土保持研究所碩士論文。
楊平世，1989。太魯閣國家公園之昆蟲相研究。太魯閣國家公園管理 處。
楊平世，1993。太魯閣國家公園高山地區昆蟲資源之研究。太魯閣國 家公園管理處。
楊遠波、趙榮台、林則桐、呂勝由，1991。太魯閣國家公園蜜源植物 之調查。太魯閣國家公園管理處。
楊遠波、劉和義、呂勝由，1999。台灣維管束植物簡誌（第貳卷）。
行政院農業委員會。
福田晴夫、浜榮一、葛谷健、高橋昭、高橋真弓、田中蕃、田中洋、
若林守男、渡邊康之，1983。原色日本蝶類生態圖鑑（II）。保 育社，pp.195-199。
賴國祥，2000。合歡山的彩色精靈—植物植物解說圖鑑。行政院農委 會特有生物研究保育中心。
濱野榮次，1987。台灣蝶類生態大圖鑑。牛頓出版社。
Axmacher, J. C., Holtmann, G., Scheuermann, L., Brehm, G.,
Muller-Hohenstein, K. & Fiedler, K. 2004. Diversity of geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) along an Afrotropical elevational rainforest transect. Diversity and Distributions 10: 293-302.
Beaumont, L. J. & Hughes, L. 2002. Potential changes in the distributions of latitudinally restricted Australian butterfly species in response to climate change. Global Change Biology 8: 954-971.
Beccaloni, G. W. & Gaston, K. J. 1995. Predicting the species richness of Neotropical forest butterflies: Ithomiinae(Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) as indicators. Biological Conservation 71: 77-86.
Brehm, G., Colwell, R. K. & Kluge, J. 2007. The role of environment and mid-domain effect on moth species richness along a tropical gradient.
Global Ecology & Biogeography 16: 205-219.
Brown, Jr, K. S. 1997. Diversity, disturbance, and sustainable use of Neotropical forests: insects as indicators for conservation monitoring.
Journal of Insect Conservation 1: 25-42.
Caldas, A. & Robbins, R. K. 2003. Modified Pollard transects for assessing tropical butterfly abundance and diversity. Biological Conservation 110: 211-219.
Chao, A., Chazdon, R. L., Colwell, R. K. & Shen, T. J. 2006.
Abundance-based similarity indices and their estimation when there are unseen species in samples. Biometrics 62: 361-371.
Clark, K. R. & Warwick, R. M. 1998. Quantifying structural redundancy in ecological communities. Oecologia 113: 278-289.
Dennis, R. H., Hodgson, J. G., Grenyer, R., Shreeve, T. G. & Roy, D. B.
2004. Host plants and butterfly biology. Do host-plant strategies drive butterfly status? Ecological ectomology 29: 12-26.
DeVries, P. J. & Walla, T. R. 1999. Species diversity in spatial and
temporal dimensions of fruit-feeding butterflies from two Ecuadorian rainforests. Biological journal of the Linnean Society 68: 333-353.
DeVries, P. J. 1988. Stratification of fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies in a Costa Rican rainforest. Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera 26:
98-108.
Douwes, P. 1976. Activity in Heodes virgaureae (Lep., Lycaenidae) in relation to air temperature, solar radiation, and time of day. Oecologia 22: 287-298.
Duelli, P. & Obrist, M. K. 2003. Biodiversity indicators: the choice of values and measures. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 98:
87-98.
Fleishman, E., Austin, G. T. & Weiss, A. D. 1998. An empirical test of
communities. Ecology 79: 2482-2493.
Gaston, J. K. 2000. Global patterns in biodiversity. Nature 405: 220-227.
Groot, M. D., Kleijn, D. & Jogan, N. 2007. Species groups occupying different trophic levels respond differently to the invasion of semi-natural vegetation by Solidago Canadensis. Biological Conservation 136: 612-617.
Hilt, N. & Fiedler, K. 2005. Diversity and composition of Arctiidae moth ensembles along a successional gradient in the Ecuadorian Andes.
Diversity and Distributions 11: 387-398.
Horner-Devine, M. C., Lage, M., Hughes, J. B. & Bohannan, B. J. M.
2004. A taxa-area relationship for bacteria. Nature 432: 750-753.
Kessler, M. 2001. Patterns of diversity and range size of selected plant groups along an elevational transect in the Bolivian Andes. Biodiversity Conservation 10: 1897-1921.
Kluge, J., Kessler, M. & Dunn, R. R. 2006. What drives elevational patterns of diversity? A test of geometric constraints, climate and species pool effects for pteridophytes on an elevational gradient in Costa Rica. Global Ecology & Biogeography 15: 358-371.
Konvicka, M., Maradova, M., Benes, J., Fric, Z. & Kepka, P. 2003. Uphill shifts in distribution of butterflies in the Czech Republic: effects of changing climate detected on a regional scale. Global Ecology &
Biogeography 12:403-410.
Krebs, C. J. 1989. Species diversity measures. Ecological Methodology.
Harper &Row. New York.
Kremen, C. 1992. Assessing the indicator properties of species
assemblages for natural areas monitoring. Ecological Applications 2:
203-217.
Lindenmayer, D. B., Margules, C. R. & Botkin, D. B. 2000. Indicators of biodiversity for ecologically sustainable forest management.
Conservation Biology 14: 941-950.
Magurran, A. E. 1988. Ecological diversity and its measurement.
Princeton university press. P. 79.
Masaki, S. 1980. Summer diapause. Annual Reviews 25:1-25.
Nelson, S. M. 2007. Butterflies (Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) as potential ecological indicators of riparian quality in the semi-arid western United States. Ecological Indicators 7: 469-480.
Nickel, H. & Hildebrandt, J. 2003. Auchenorrhyncha communities as indicators of disturbance in grasslands (Insect, Hemiptera)— a case study from the Elbe flood plains (northern Germany). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 98:183-199.
Nor, S. MD. 2001. Elevational diversity patterns of small mammals on Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Global Ecology & Biogeography 10: 41-62.
Noss, R. F. 1990. Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: a hierarchical approach. Conservation Biology 4: 355-363.
Pollard, E. 1982. Monitoring butterfly abundance in relation to the management of a nature reserve. Biological Conservation 24:
317-328.
Pollard, E. 1988. Temperature, rainfall and butterfly numbers. Journal of Applied Ecology 25: 819-828.
Pyrcz, T. W. & Wojtusiak, J. 2002. The vertical distribution of pronophiline butterflies (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae) along an
elevational transect in Monte Zerpa (Cordillera de Mérida, Venezuela) with remarks on their diversity and parapatric distribution. Global Ecology & Biogeography 11: 211-221.
Rahbek, C. 1995. The elevational gradient of species richness: a uniform pattern? Ecography 18: 200-205.
predict moth diversity? Testing a popular indicator taxon at local scales. Biological Conservation 103: 361-370.
Rohde, K. 1999. Latitudinal gradients in species diversity and Rapoport’s rule revisited: a review of recent work and what can parasites teach us about the cause the gradients? Ecography 22: 593-613.
Sparrow, H. R., Sisk, T. D., Ehrlich, P. R. & Murphy, D. D. 1994.
Techniques and guidelines for monitoring Neotropical butterflies.
Conservation Biology 8: 800-809.
Stevens, G. C. 1992. The elevational gradient in altitudinal range: an extension of Rapoport’s latitudinal rule to altitude. The American Naturalist 140: 893-911.
Stiling, P. D. 2002. Community ecology. Ecology:theories and applications. 4th ed. Prentice-Hall, New jersey.
Walpole, M. J. & Sheldon, I. R. 1999. Sampling butterflies in tropical rainforest: an evaluation of a transect walk method. Biological Conservation 87: 85-91.
Whittaker, R. H. 1972. Evolution and measurement of species diversity.
Taxon 21: 213-251.
表一：2006 年~2007 年調查所得之太魯閣國家公園各海拔樣區所調查到之蝶類各科物種數及個體數
小風口 松泉崗 關原 碧綠 新白楊 豁然亭 綠水 太魯閣口 樣區/
科別 物種數 個體數 物種數 個體數 物種數 個體數 物種數 個體數 物種數 個體數 物種數 個體數 物種數 個體數 物種數 個體數 弄蝶科 1 1 1 3 2 2 4 5 6 17 11 62 9 79 13 96 鳳蝶科 5 18 4 27 7 51 9 53 15 111 14 125 18 137 16 137 粉蝶科 6 16 8 65 10 118 11 150 12 82 13 149 12 138 14 165 灰蝶科 4 12 4 147 5 217 8 64 10 28 18 82 18 94 16 97 蛺蝶科 19 227 20 286 21 117 27 168 47 218 61 478 65 512 54 549
總數
35 274 37 528 45 505 59 440 90 456 117 896 122 960 113 1044
表二：2006 年~2007 年調查所得之太魯閣國家公園內不同海拔樣區蝶類調查結果的物種多樣性指數值
樣點 海拔高度(m) 物種數 個體數 Fisher’s α
Simpson’s index(D’) Shannon-Wienner index(H’)
小風口 3000～3200 35 274 10.65 0.7997 2.26 松泉崗 2400～2500 37 528 9.065 0.8055 2.197關原 2200～2300 45 505 11.94 0.8173 2.605 碧綠 2000～2100 59 440 18.33 0.9067 3.079
新白楊 1700～1800 90 456 33.59 0.9712 3.924 豁然亭 900～1000 117 896 35.94 0.9758 4.113
綠水 400～500 122 960 37.06 0.9734 4.084 太魯閣口 80～100 113 1059 32.03 0.9743 4.049
表三：