王瑞香譯。2005。生態學。初版。pp.54-57。國立編譯館。台北。
王嘉雄、吳森雄、黃光瀛、楊秀英、蔡仲晃、蔡牧起、蕭慶亮。1991。台 灣野鳥圖鑑。亞舍圖書有限公司。台灣野鳥資訊社。台北。
行 政 院 農 委 會 。2003 年 1 月 1 日 更 新 。 稻 米 因 應 對 策 。 資 料 來 源 ： http://www.coa.gov.tw/view.php?catid=54&print=1。
李 文 汕 。2000 。 茭 白 筍 的 引 進 與 種 植 。 台 灣 濕 地 27 。 資 料 來 源 ： http://www.wetland.org.tw/about/hope/hope27/27-13.htm
尚玉昌。2003。行為生態學。初版。pp.144-161,343-365,400-415。五南圖書 出版公司。台北。
宜蘭縣野鳥學會。2002。宜蘭縣蘭陽博物館預定地周邊區域暨宜蘭縣沿岸 濕地鳥類生態環境研究調查。pp.20-22。宜蘭縣政府文化局。宜蘭。
金恆鑣(總召集人)、王立志、王瑞香、呂光洋、吳海音、吳聲海、李玲玲、
李培芬、林良恭、林俊全、林登秋、金恆鑣、侯平君、夏禹九、張學 文、許博行、郭耀綸、陳明義、黃生、楊月玲、楊正澤、趙榮台等(譯)。
2005。生態學-概念與應用。pp.161-163,303-320。美商麥格羅希爾國際 股份有限公司。台北。
周文賢。2004。多變量統計分析-SAS/STAT 使用方法。957pp。智勝文化事 業有限公司。台北。
馬志軍、丁長青、李欣海、路寶忠、翟天慶、鄭光美。2001。朱 冬季覓 食地的選擇。動物學研究 22(1):46~50。
常家傳、馬金生、魯長虎、鄭光美。1995。鳥類學。257pp。中台科學技術 出版。台中市。
陳炤杰、盧惠敏。2004。農村生態環境與鳥類多樣性之研究。p.22。政院國 家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告。台北。
陳忠應。2005。紅冠水雞的生態學研究。國立中山大學生物學系碩士班論 文。高雄。
許祐薰。2005。彩鷸的巢位選擇與生殖成功率。行政院國家科學委員會專 題研究計畫成果報告。台北。
黃如鈺。2001。專家系統與影像處理期末報告--利用多時段航空照片判釋水 田。資料來源：http://lab.geog.ntu.edu.tw/course/esip/final/90/prima/專家 系統與影像處理期末報告.doc。
楊志良。2005。生物統計學新論。二版。pp29,151-166。藝軒圖書出版社。
台北。
簡文憲。1990。花蓮區(花蓮、宜蘭縣)稻田休耕之現況與檢討。花蓮區農業 推廣簡訊 7(2):22-25。
羅柳墀。2004。台灣農耕地中彩鷸的生殖生態學。pp.9-12。行政院國家科 學委員會專題研究計劃成果報告。台北。
巒曉峰、胡忠軍、徐宏發。2004。上海農耕區鳥類群落特徵及與幾種生境 因子的關係 (II)。動物學研究 25(1):20~26。
Atkinson, P.W., P.J. Fuller, A. Vickery, G.J. Conway, J.R.B. Tallowin, R.E.N.
Smith, K.A. Haysom, T.C. Ings, E.J. Asteraki, and V.K. Brown. 2005.
Influence of agricultural management, sward structure and food resources on grassland field use by birds in lowland England. J. App. Ecol.
42:932-942.
Beedy, E. and H. Cogswell. 2005. California wildlife habitat relationships system. California interagency wildlife task group. California.
http://www.dfg.ca.gov/whdab/cwhr/lha/lha_B148.pdf.
Bibby, C.J. 1999. Making the most of birds as environmental indicators. Ostrich 70:81-88.
Borad, C.K., A. Mukherjee, and B.M. Parasharya. 2001. Nest site selection by the Indian sarus crane in the paddy crop agroecosystem. Biol. Cons.
98:90-96.
Collias, N.E. 4and E.C. Collias. 1984. Nest building and bird behavior.
pp.19-21,142-163. Princeton University Press. New Jerssey.
Cora, T. 2005. Antipredator defenses in birds and mammals. pp 67-113.
University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
Cramp, S., and K.E.L. Simmons. 1980. The birds of the weatern Palearctic, Univ, Oxford Press, Oxford.
Eens, M., D.V. Els, B. Luc, and P. Rianne. 2000. Shield characteristics are Testosterone-dependent in both male and female Moorhen. Hormones Behav. 37:126-134.
Elphick, C.S. 2004. Assessing conservation trade-offs: identifying the effects of flooding rice fields for waterbirds on non-target bird species. Bio. Conserv.
117:105-110.
Forman, D.W. and P.F. Brain. 2004. Reproductive strategies used by moorhens (Gallunula chloropus) colonizing an artificial wetland habitat in south Wales. J. Nat. Hist. 8:389-401.
Gibbons, D.W. 1987. Seasonal reproductive success of the moorhen(Gallinula chloropus) the importance of male weight. Ibis 131:57-68.
Gibbons, D.W. 1989. Juvenile helping in the moorhen, Gallinula chloropus.
Anim. Behav. 35:170-181.
Gillmor, R., P.A.D. Hollom, R. Hudson, E.M. Nicholson, M.A. Ogilvie, P.J.S.
Olney, C.S. Roselaar, K.H. Voous, D.I.M. Wallace, J. Wattel, and M.G.
Wilson. 1983. Handbook of the birds of Europe the middle east and north Africa: the birds of the Western Palearctive, Volume III. Waders to Gulls.
pp.108-121. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Giuliano, W.M. and S.E. Daves. 2002. Avian response to warm-season grass use in pasture and hayfield management. Biol. Cons. 106:1-9.
Grubb, T.C. 2006. Antipredator defenses in birds and mammals. Auk 123:
Hatchwell, B.J., A.E. Russell, M.K. Fowlie, and D.J. Ross. 1999. Reproductive success and nest-site selection in a cooperative breeder: effect of experience and a direct benefit of helping. Auk 116(3): 355-363.
Helm, R.N., D.N. Pashley, and P.J. Zwank. 1987. Notes on th nesting of the Common and Purple Gallinules in southwestern Louisiana. J. Field Ornithol. 58:55-61.
Henrik, O. and N.M. Schmidt. 2004. Impacts of wet grassland management and winter severity on wader breeding numbers in eastern Denmark. Basic App. Ecol. 5:203-210.
Herkenrath, P. 2002. Birds and the convention on biological diversity: can ornithologists and bird conservationists make a difference? Bird Cons.
Intern. 12:99-106.
Hobaugh, W.C., C.D. Stutzenbaker, and E.L. Flickinger. 1989. The rice prairies.
In: L.M. Smith, R.L. Pederson, and R.M. Kaminski(eds.), Habitat Management for Migrating and Wintering Waterfowl in North America.
pp.367–383. Texas Tech University Press, Texas.
Hohman, W.L., T.M. Stark, and J.L.Moore. 1996. Food availability and feeding preferences of breeding fulvous Whistling-dusks in Louisiana ricefields.
Wilson Bulletin 108:137-150.
Hooge, P.N., M.T. Stanback, and W.D. Koenig. 1999. Nest-site selection in the acorn woodpecker. Auk 116:45-54.
Horvath, O. 1964. Seasonal differences in Rufous Hummingbird nest height and their relation to nest climate. Ecol. 45:235-241.
Keisuke U., and N. Yasutaka. 2004. Anew breeding tactic of the Common Moorhen:interspecific brood parasitism of bittern nest. Ornithol. Sci.
3:163-166.
Kenneth D.R. 2002. Northern pintail nest site selection, nest success, renesting ecology, and survival in the intensively farmed prairies of southern
Ph.D. dissertation. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA..
Lau P., B. Carlos, and S.D. Stuart. 1998. Nest predation in relation to nest placement in the Greater Ani(Crotophaga major). Ornitol. Neotrop.
9:87-92.
Martin, T.E. and J.J. Roper. 1988. Nest predation and nest-site selection of a western population of the Hermit Thrush. Condor 90:51-57.
Martin, T.E. 1993. Nest predation among vegetation layers and habitat types:
revising the dogmas. Am. Nat. 141: 897-913.
Martin, T.E. 1992. Interaction of nest predation and food limitation in reproductive strategies. Current Ornithol. 9:163-197.
Martin, L.C. 1985. Habitat selection in birds. pp.5-81,253-258. Academic Press.
California.
McRae, S.B. 1997. Relative reproductive success of female moorhens using conditional strategies of brood parasitism and parental care. Behav. Ecol.
9(1):93-100.
McRae, S.B. 1996. Family values: costs and benefits of communal nesting in the moorhen. Anim. Behav. 52:225-245.
McRae, S.B. 1995. Temporal variation in responses to intraspecific brood parasitism in the moorhen. Anim. Behav. 49:1073-1088.
Petrie M. 1984. Territory size in the Moorhen(Gallinula chlorpus): An outcome of RHP(resource holding potential) asymmetry between neighbours. Anim.
Behav. 32:861-870.
Pierluissi, S. 2006. Breeding waterbird use of rice fields in southwestern Louisiana. Master thesis. pp.43-55,253-258. University of Illinois, USA.
Polhemus, J.T. and D.G. Smith. 2005. Update on nesting activity and habitat utilization by native waterbirds at the Hamakua Marsh State Wildlife Sanctuary, Kailua, O’ahu. J. Hawaii Aud. Socity 65(3):17-24.
impounded Cattail marsh. J. Field Ornithol. 71:437-442.
Ripley, D. S. 1977. Rails of the world. Am. Sci. 64(6):628-635.
Rimmer, D.W. and R.D. Deblinger. 1990. Use of predator exclosure to protect piping plover nests. J. Field Ornithol. 61(2)：217-223.
Ritter, M.W. and J.A. Savidge. 1993. Rapid colonization of a human-made wetland by Mariana Common Moorhen on Guam. Wilson Bull., 105(4):685-687.
Ritter, M.W. and J.A.Savidge. 1999. A predictive model of wetland habitat use on Guam by endangered Mariana common moorhens. Condor 101:282-287.
Robertson, L.W. and E.G. Bolen. 1984. Wildlife ecology and management. 2rh edition. pp66-75,254-285. Macmillan Publishing Company. New York.
Robertson, G.J. 1995. Factors affecting nest site selection and nesting success in the common eider (Somateria mollissima). Ibis 137: 109-115.
Sánchez-Lafuente, A. M., J.M. Alcántara, and M. Romera. 1998. Nest-site selection and nest predation in the Purple Swamphen. J. Field Ornithol.
69(4):563-576.
Segfried, R.W. and P.G.H. Frost. 1975. Continuous breeding and associated behaviour in the moorhen (Gallinule chloropus). Ibis 117:102-109.
Soderstrom, B., S. Kiema, and R.S. Reid. 2003. Intensified agricultural land-use and bird conservation in Burkina Faso. Agric. Ecosys. Env. 99:113-124.
Taylor, K. 1984. The influence of water course managemant on moorhen breeding biology. Brit. Birds 77:144-148.
Tourenq, C., R.E. Bennetts, H. Kowalski, E. Vialet, J.-L. Lucchesi, Y. Kayser, and P. Isenmann. 2001. Are rice fields a good alternative to natural marshes for waterbird communities of the Camargue, southern France. Biol. Cons.
100:335–343.
Tourenq, C., S. Nicolas, B. Nicolas, M. François, and J.-L. Martin. 2003. Effects
Comargue, France. Agric. Ecosys. Env. 95:543-549.
Wilson, R.R. and R.J. Cooper. 1998. Acadian flycatcher nest placement：
does placemtnt influence reproductive success? Condor 100:673-679.
Winton, B.R., J.D. M.Leslie, and J.R. Rupert. 2000. Breeding ecology and management of snowy plovers in north-central Oklahoma. J. Field Ornithol.
71:573-584.
Wood, N.A. 1974. The breeding behaviour and biology of the moorhen. Brit.
Birds 67:104-115; 137-158.
Yang, W.-K., J.-F. Qiao, O. Combreau, X.-Y. Gao, and W.-Q. Zhong. 2003.
Breeding habitat selection by the Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis [undulata]
macqueenii) in Mori, Xinjiang, China Zool. Stud. 42(3): 470-475.
Zhijun, M., L. Bo, Z. Bin, J. Kai. T. Shimin, and C. Jiakuan. 2004. Are artificial wetlands good alternatives to natural wetlands for waterbirds? – A case study on Chongming Island, China. Bio. Cons. 13:333-350.
附表1 影響紅冠水雞族群量的區塊類別結果 無植被有水區塊 0.00002358 0.00000689 11.73 0.0011
高植被無水區塊 0.00004549 0.00001074 17.93 <.0001 中植被有水區塊 -0.00005614 0.00002348 5.72 0.0198
<.0001
附表3 影響紅冠水雞成鳥數量之區塊類別結果 地景類別 Estimate Standard
Error
F
Value Pr > F Model Pr >
F 無植被無水區塊 -0.00004748 0.00001416 11.25 0.0014 低植被有水區塊 -0.00002327 0.00000614 14.35 0.0004 低植被無水區塊 -0.00002756 0.00000818 11.35 0.0013 中植被有水區塊 -0.00007302 0.00001552 22.15 <.0001
<.0001
附表4 影響紅冠水雞幼鳥數量的區塊類別結果
附表5 比較生殖成功巢與失敗巢的各項巢形值之分析結果
巢形值項目 Estimate Standard error Wald χ2 Prob. > χ2 巢內部最大直徑(cm) 0.1533 0.1939 0.6256 0.4290 巢外部最大直徑(cm) 0.0709 0.0783 0.8189 0.3655 巢墊高(cm) 0.0718 0.1103 0.4240 0.5149 巢高(cm) -0.1403 0.0857 2.6817 0.1015 地景區塊類別 Estimate Standard
Error
F
Value Pr > F Model Pr >
F 低植被無水區塊 0.00001191 0.00000427 7.76 0.0071 無植被有水區塊 0.00001101 0.00000591 3.47 0.0672 高植被無水區塊 0.00001848 0.00000545 11.49 0.0012
0.0075
附表6 比較生殖成功巢與失敗巢的各項巢位選擇之分析結果
巢位選擇項目 Estimate Standard error Wald χ2 Prob. > χ2 植被覆蓋度(%) 0.0217 0.0131 2.7323 0.0983 植被高度(cm) -0.0264 0.0156 2.8579 0.0909 水深(cm) -0.1335 0.1081 1.5240 0.2170 距離最近道路(m) 0.00844 0.0123 0.4699 0.4930 距離最近田埂(m) 0.00417 0.0258 0.0263 0.8713 距離最近草生地(m) -0.0347 0.0485 0.5102 0.4751
附表7 不同棲息地上的孵卵巢與育幼巢的巢數 巢類別 棲息地
水田 田埂 深水域 總數
孵卵巢 38 11 12 61
育幼巢 57 7 6 70
附表8 不同棲息地中孵卵巢與育幼巢的巢形值比較
Means 15.09 25.58 10.58 15.25 孵卵巢 SD 1.64 5.76 8.14 11.25
Means 15.60 28.80 17.58 21.42 深 水
附表10 孵卵巢與隨機採點的巢位選擇因子比較之分析結果