In three-dimensional scaffold culture environment, the results showed that no matter the cell-scaffold hybrids were cultured for 1, 2, or 4 weeks, the viability of chondrocytes significantly increased. Moreover, as long as the cell-scaffold hybrids were cultured, the cell number whereupon increased. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, BMP-7, and IGF-1 significantly increased after the cultivation of two weeks.
In two-week cultivation, ECM-related mRNAs expression was significantly increased, which was compatible with the result of DMMB assay, and the mRNA expression of type I collagen and type II collagen were significantly decreased, which suggested that the chondrocytes were neither on the way toward fibrosis nor hypertrophy. Moreover, although we did not know whether the mRNA expression of TIMP-2 was increased or decreased, the mRNA expression of MT1-MMP was significantly decreased. Because the activition of MMP-2 is tightly regulated by the expression of MT1-MMP, the mRNA expression of MMP-2 was decreased due to the decreased expression of MT1-MMP.
In four-week cultivation, the chondrocytes not only increased in their number but also increased their viability, which may infer that in the future application the in vitro three-dimensional cultivation of chondrocyte-scaffold hybrids should be
maintained more than four weeks. The mRNA expression of type II collagen and aggrecan were significantly increased in this environment, and especially the mRNA expression of three kinds of growth factors were all increased, which suggested that the chondrocytes were well modulated under this environment. Also, the mRNA expression of MMP-2 was decreased here.
Table 11 Summary of three-dimensional scaffold culture results
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS
In two-dimensional chondrocytes culture, both aucubin and betulin could effectively promote the mRNA expression of ECM and inhibit the mRNA expression related with ECM degradation at appropriate concentration, and the ability of O2•⎯ scavenging made aucubin and betulin as protectants of chondrocytes, which would stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and maintain the basic chondrocyte activities.
In three-dimensional scaffold culture environment, betulin can significantly stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and maintain the basic chondrocyte activities until four-week cultivation, which suggested that in the future application the in vitro three-dimensional cultivation of chondrocyte-scaffold hybrids should be maintained more than four weeks, and of course the addition of 0.32μg/ml of betulin into the cultured environment possessed positive effects toward chondrocytes and the whole cartilage-mimic tissue.
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