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Chapter V Conclusion
This study focused on the link between civil society and democracy and paid special attention to the interaction between the state and civil society. Here, civil society is identified as a venue in which manifold social movements occurred and autonomous civil social organization flourished. Drawing on that, as stated in the introduction, the primary goal of this study was to evaluate the impacts of the Sunflower Movement in Taiwan’s democratic practice. The discussion concentrated on how it exerted
influences on the state’s policies and the general democratic discourse.
Regarding the policy perspective, the Sunflower Movement had demonstrated a fact that civil society played a crucial role in influencing public policies. The ruling party viewed the signing of the CSSTA as the most important policy to boost the economy and promote its party image by bridging a stronger tie with China. However, the state’s political intention had been hampered by the social movement. The CSSTA had been halted without much possibility to resume in the foreseeable future.
Observing the interaction between the state and civil society, it was obvious that civil society intervened in the policy making process and interrupted the state’s initial political intention. It proved what Alexander stated about how civil society was not only autonomously independent from the state, but also challenged its commands when needed. (Alexander, 2006, pp.123-126) A dramatic policy shift driven by the Sunflower movement somehow manifested the existence of a dynamic civil society.
With a wide-angled perspective in examining the impacts of the Sunflower Movement on the democratic practice of Taiwan, evidence supported the underlying contention that there were changes in the dynamic of civil society and citizen’s political participation. The impacts on the democratic politics was presented in three aspects: impacts on the political society- holding political parties accountable; on the
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social actors in civil society- increasing political efficacy; on the democracy deepening-emerging of deliberative democracy.
First of all, regarding the political society, the Sunflower Movement performed as a counterbalance to state and tried to defend against the abuse of state power.
This movement revealed the prevailing discontent with party politics. The
representative democracy, which democracy was performed by periodic elections and delegation had been unable to content the civil society. Clear evidence was showed both in a national-wide survey data and the result of the Taipei Municipal election in 2014. There existed a high level of dissatisfaction about the party performance in translating the public’s will into political policies. In addition, vicious competition among parties was a thing that the people hated the most in 2014. The accumulated discontent in the civil society led to the eruption of the Sunflower Movement.
Accordingly, it was less surprisingly when the independent candidate Ko Wen-je won the Taipei Municipal Mayor election under the background of a resurgent civil society.
The civil society held the parties more accountable in representing the general will.
Secondly, according to related survey data, social actors had developed a high degree of political efficacy in accord with the time after the Sunflower Movement.
Political individuals were more willing to take political actions and believed that they had the ability to influence the state and its decisions. In the political practice, the citizen’s group demanded for setting up a Cross-Straits Agreements Monitoring Framework and sent a draft into the Legislative Yuan. Hence, the increased political efficacy surely enabled people to take actions towards unjustified state decisions.
These new trends of social movements are characterized by greater spontaneity.
Last but not least, multiple forums with deliberative features were held during the protest. There was an underlying theme worth noticing- deliberative democracy.
The sunflower movement created an open arena for citizens to pool information and
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ideas, advocate values, and establish greater level of political engagement. The associational life of civil society trained and sharpened citizens’ political skills. The deliberative democracy could not be achieved without citizens’ political participation.
Voluntary participants developed democratic attitudes and toleration as they were exposed to diversified perspectives. It could be expected that a more sophisticated political culture and participatory democracy were forming.
The Sunflower Movement had set up a prominent case in mobilizing the civil society and inspired the actors in the society with a demonstrated effect. A recent example was the dispute of the Grade 1-9 curriculum framework adjustments in 2015.
High school students from all over Taiwan have demanded for a due review procedure.
More than one hundred high schools set up “anti-black box curriculum outline” social websites. The committee members of the adjustment committee have been criticized for lacking academic professionalism. The students urged the Ministry of Education to respect academic professionalism and to revoke the curriculum changes. Aside from the unjustified procedure, the content of the adjustments were questioned as well.
Those “minor adjustments” actually reframe the political and historical judgments.
(Arthur, 2015) The student unions fought for a righteous procedure. They used slogans like “anti-black box curriculum”, and “we save our own curriculum”. In the Sunflower Movement, the student groups propagandized “anti-black box CSSTA” and
“we save our own country”. Observing the previous mentioned dispute, it is not hard to see the shadow of the Sunflower Movement.
In conclusion, regarding the Sunflower Movement, there has been pressure the state to suspend its policies and sway it from its initial policy intention. It has shown that people had the rights to influence the state policy and demand for justified democratic procedures. Findings showed that the strengthened civil society played a crucial role in holding political parties more accountable, and that the citizens’
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political efficacy had been increased exponentially. It also provided a trajectory of an emerging deliberative democracy in Taiwan.
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