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(3) Ranking of prosodic constraints in Meinong Hakka: Cophonology B
ALIGN-E (CommaP, IP) ALIGN-E (IP, SU) PARSE-σ IPMIN2 ALIGN-R (IP, Non-adt XP)
ALIGN-R (Non-adt XP, IP)
*IP SUMAX IPMIN
The tonal domains of ordinary speech and special constructions are well delimited by means of the interactions among these prosodic constraints. Cophonology A in (2), ranking *IP above ALIGN-R (Non-adt XP, IP), is responsible for accounting for the delimitation of the domain of undergoing tone sandhi. Cophonology B in (3), ranking ALIGN-R (Non-adt XP, IP) above *IP, provides an explanation of the demarcation of the domain of retaining the base tone. In virtue of the re-ranking of *IP and ALIGN-R (Non-adt XP, IP), the demarcation of the tonal domain of an alternative reading is obtained.
To conclude, the separation of the constraints, that is, the prosodic and tonal constraints, supports that an intermediate level, prosodic structure, exists between syntax and phonology.
5.2 Further Issues
With respect to Yinping tone sandhi, there is still room for further research.
According to Hsu (1996), Yinping tone sandhi in Miaoli Sixian Hakka is founded on the foot and intonational phrase. She concludes that the intonational phrase is the
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primary domain for Yinping tone sandhi. As a branch of Sixian Hakka, the tonal domain in Meinong Hakka is also sensitive to the intonational phrase. In further research, OT can be employed to analyze the two sub-dialects and inspect whether the constraints accounting for tone sandhi in Meinong Hakka are capable of analyzing tone sandhi in Miaoli Hakka. Moreover, idiomatic phrases regarding Yinping tone sandhi in Meinong Hakka may be collected. These metrical readings may shed some further light on the processing of Yinping tone sandhi in Meinong Hakka.
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