1511' ~.74 (h82
: I
:--0.87 .
.m'tt&
100 4.86 0.63 136 4.82' 0.67. 0.47
.
'~"'".
,
.,;,' , ';'.ttff*~{t
. '127 4,.55 Q.78 101;
,4-.
~~. 0.1 8 ,;,0 ~ 09 . ',:ftM
: f ' ' ,Ix
4.620 .. 83' 108,~L69 0.81: -0.60 ....
"',' e"
,
.lz:!3fa
144 '4.71 0.77 101~ i . ! ~ " ,1'
,1
" ,",
i ~-' 1; ~.;,
' \ , ~
4.79 0.75 -0.80 .
"
~/iiJ~.z.
~!9Hli(J9, ~@A
~~Jlt1Jm:*
*fiJf~ztl*
tff*~-ft#:oo
J '
±.tIlIlit1UE I mm.'
.~
tIlIl3dfit *
1ft ' fl
~lJl Ji!: Pfl fa.
1lt~(J9#:OO
.UJU:
jJUl: '
.~tIlIl3r~;~1bM:tlSlb.1JIl~.
fllHllt1J'
~~If
11 JlltfltE-' If 11Jl.fti'lfilf 11Jl:
If11Jl :JE: flWJVI& .ft,
A~~~tIS~J 11~/J'\
,
~tdIHilPiJE:FRl '
Jt=~~tIS~:iilifjJEz
IHI~i41$;ft.;
I!lJl
oraJ A fl
:¥:-~:
o
:;tt.MB9#: 00tIS1
fEz #:00
tlSlb~jJlj0
~~~m~~~
••
~~z~n~~~~~ 61~~~g~I~~g=~H~z~~
~ '\ *8~ .. ~t~~~.
*6
~~mI'W:ltz.~trJ:9:4r
'
jl£fl~IIiJ~M'" tfcl'f~It.&IfFllijlctl9A'
lt~.j]rJj z~gU~:~!JfJ
1itt19 '
~@ A
~4r '
tl30 it-- 39it ':w4r ( . )
~It tXf.& I fFfJ;f lciE
60/j'\fJ;f
tlJ::t19 A .Jllil j]:I:*
0*m~Z.*Afln.~~~: rm~*~.&~~~~J
...
rmm~.&~aJ...
r~H*~~~MJ
...
r~~gX~MJ.&r~Q§~J~oiE~n$~*~'.~~:9:~*~±~~fliErmm~.&waJtI9~*J::fl~lIiJo
.~ ~:9:!Pl
*
~±ttM ~1jU~~t19 ~M
~1JJ~IUllmi' iE
M!!iI'H}§JIJ:9~/:f1:1:'it$iJllti9+
lJt~ib If! ' fl-tlJt:l£mlL - . '
ltft!!~lJt:l£fBl~~mml 0 WJ*ffl~MIi:§JUre~M ~1b.1i:'
~:9::I:'it#!Pltl9~MIi:§JIJm
r
Jij,/j'\~fllHltl9~1bJ ... r
~~~IJJJ ... r
illi:~fE~ibJ
~ 0 iE~MIi:jiLl: '
.~~:9:$1Jn11f~~*~±~~:t:-.'
.~~:9:iE~~fE... :5cgfE ...
~~tt.&-iIlt illbfE~Ib$1Jn~.It*~±ttm~,
*J!~h.gfE~_1Jn~.It.~ttM:9:~ 0~HMj]"'~~.~"'~M~~"'.~~~'&IfF.~tI9H.z*6*,~~.~j].~
fiMj]II.if;fliE-M~~a ~*5}1c
(
~~gX~M~*J::)
fl~§JU'
iE~MM§JIJl:' fi
1Ij]Il.ltit1liMj]II.~$1JllxgfE'&~~fEz~M~ib' iE.~.~.&I{'F.~jjITfi
'
rrr~.Jl1JIl:l£.~~.It~Jlj].*~1r°.~~:9:~*Jl!±ttMz.~.~&fl~~o
A~IIiJ~~.~z.~~:9:,~~j]Jij,.~.~zmH~m~,m~z~~ftmH'JI j]~/j'\ , .~.~~it1li
'
{!=Htt~IIiJ~~.~Z.~ttIil:9:Mj]Jij,IfF.~zrJjzlHl.~~mm. 1'IiJ'
fl=Ii:~~.~zttlil:9:' Jlj]WIfF.~zH.~*' mJtltft!!mli:ttIil:9:'
Jlj]~If'F MliJE.zH~~~ftmH'
Mj]~/j'\ , IfF.~~*;
RJJ!~~_~~Jl1JJij,IfF.JE.z~fl-~o
mlAfl~-li:~~.~Z.~ttIil:9:~*Jij;.±ttIil
'
~.~.~z.~A15&flil~JM~~Ao It#Jij,tI9~M~IJJIi:§JIJfl-@~J!;
,
*i!cl:.~ttIil:9: .ft*J!.±ttIil~$Jij,flHxgtt...
~~~z.~M~Ibli:jU
'
.~ttIil:9:~*Jij;±ttIiliE$Jij,~Mii5I1JIi:§JIJz~A.J:-&~lt.m-~1:~I~~.:ftftR9A~n:ft*
'
m.Jl.m~~~!YJ.'
&.;ltft!!~lI.rfEl'I~30.lJ\~JJ.r '
40.'"'-'44. Zq:.1l-~(
mode~~~~=$~:Hw*m~Z~M'~wm~~*ZM~'~~~~r:
H,Jt*m~~~M
*
m~~t.~tIli3(_*ztmllJi
H~;JF1lt.~a9tm_1f$ ,
~* Z~~f1:JJ!U~&1i
~*r~~m
'
PfE-~~.!la9~~m:.~tIlikB9~tU~.T'.mfRJ 't'H1ij!z~dia.I=J:lf!J~,.f±:(E~.*1J:l=J:litl!~li:_a9.~tIlik
'
JHnftzmm.~j(fj,
fffi.f±:(Ernll:it~.a9.~tIlik '~~ftm~~m,~~~~~~~~,~~mm$T'fRJ~~~~_*z~~f1:1i~m~.oJH·J..~.!fl±tia9~lIJi~fa:i:ft.:!ltlli3(J8.f±JI;~~t
(
match) , *m~1I1Ui.f±~~lt~~a9A~iitl:@~.li:-m~T'~ °T'[email protected]~~JJjZ*.!fl::EtIli~*
'
~~l1fili:.,.-~Jt.~tIli3(~,
~;JiIl.Z!f.ff1:T'.mfRJ
'
ft~1:Jt~~ISl1tiU 0*m~Zr~~~1g~:n:*J{IHI
'
lJi§&~(
~=:s~),
ff~~~~~m§3@.~lID~~-~=*.Z~§
,
m~~*,Hpt~j(~.~.~rra9~~,
RuHE~im~~flJli!T'Jtl'
JI~j!ij-s~f7}' ~.~~.m 0
:n:*jUl!
§l=J:ltl~ta~~r~~~m§m:~( 1i96m) ,
~1:.taUmW1&zfBlIl&.,m
§&.OOZllJi~;JF1ltm~, it6~~~-@m§,
@~~~~:(E@]~~~~T'ifUH'a:
'
i§:Jt:(E~m~1:~*~i&z~fI' :aJtU~ta~Hmzm~*~Jljff~ISlitU
0:(ET'fRJW~z.~tIli3(I=J:l'~*.~~~.~a9~zWI=J:lC.)fili:~r'I~~.:(E 6U/NJ~l;ll:Z.~tIlikzltlJ:ft~.' :tE1p.1fOOa9~A~*m~~Jbfi. 0 m:(EtIlik*$~
!It~:eU6.~~f&:~rfEl' :t~11
'
~~30~~39~ttiJk*im~j;1i-Ms1G.1iUl.-rkflJl!M.~,~~~m~~Z~~~~'I~ft*.!flT.'~~~m*:ft*'§~~*~f!J~n~
*;
40~JJ.J:a9t1li3(TkB*~* ,~!t §~M~,
~:t.Hg~/J\;
29~tJ r~~j;&1iTk s1G~1i-M~k'~n§~-m&1im.*o.~*WI=J:l'(. )~li:tlrR9.~.k.1JlTt::kzm.'
Mm6(lT'::t:M.'
-M~~a9fi.:1!tIY1r'm~a9Ifc1f.~
,
b:m*1tR9fl1§n-&~~,
~JIt:(E~taJ:ltt¥Ij~*a9.n 0Ij\~ , 45.--49.1j\~
;JF~~~M1Jz:ft :(E~ta~~1f m~"& ft~
) 1: 1i f*oo ) 1:
1i~A' .
3(rfEl'Z~M~m
~T'::t:it~~ 0 ~,
(
17lJ~~11-r3(, :
z~~l'l~o .~
tIlika9f*1 m&Hifm, fle$
,~(
~~fI'
~74.' ~ f)i:$~m ~, ~ibI.~tIli3(W~~
3l• •
"&ttl~ ,lIDil taib '
.~$3(~j M~fr51:-mW~.!fl:
~~f*M~~U~
3(q:.Z~~nW~M f!J~
; A 1fmfRJ
~if)i:$a9 f*M 1i@T' I
mlHlm~ '~$
7ft.
,
J{UW.~tIli3(
~ ~.:!ltlli
k~,
~~fr5~rrn
' M£M§
~J 1969; Camp bell, 1$agM£M§~Je.
'
*P~mm* B9j!,
oo1J(~~*m~-MmJ I~~Je.zmlHl~~
63
,
n7}~tlll~:
~;;$:zft~~~~&fl~*
tz~d~.t:p~~
, tt{E :{Ee9
";t~_a9.~tfijf.3{"..
f:ft;;$:z
ft~~fl-'I'i~.(), ;;$: ij1f
~iI:'H~tt ~ 1!H~li:
'~l!t-iiJt.~~:kfl£
'
~~~*~i'!§~~ffjj~
:f'e~ms7}~fl-Jl:m~m '
~§;ft~
(fl96iD ' fl:;I
~ii-gi1§'ffl.*P~'1e
i5.~zij1f~ *~JUf-f~
)~l!tl;t~'ItFIJijJk{E
~M. !Jl{E~3{"*ms7)
;:e!GJkMflbT:k!fM~m.
: '
§~itft'.'l~IIj]m,mt).
~m~~&flT3{"ft~x!JijM'-MRJfjIg tJSl:~JiJ~*l39l1t1J 0
tF
30.l1'IJijl;t
~,
40.--44.~~~m~G~.~~~Z~~.~OO~~
~~.~NI~.@~.~WZ~.
'Nlif ' 45.'""-'49.1Nlif ' so.'""-'59.'Nlif ' ~P&flil§:A
'
tPm-oo~~w'
El31ltRJ~If'FlJijltz~!l~~F~gt~JI!:1JzJlm~fl:;I~
,
~fl~lJifra'~j:~(60.'j"lJijt)'J:: )
:tflgt~~:1Jz~'1e 0 {E~tJS~nOO'm~~~'nMfl:;I~t:p'*~±~~.~~:k~fl{E-Mfl:;I~(m~m.&~~)J::flil§:A,ffjj.~~3{"nOO'~~:1Jm~fl£~:1Jm~~{E-M~~(~~g~
f*M) J::1iil§:A
'!ltk6*M~{E-a~tm' .~~3{"~*~±~ra',
~~:1JJ!fI£~:1Jz.~~~~z~tJS~~m~M~'ffi!ltRJm~r~~~tJS~~*~~If'Fmm*I39~:1JJz~~M
~~j:~~~ 0 ~1JR~liJfjIg~{Et:pIlliitl:ft. ,iitl:fttt~3{"~i'.a9~)j(J!Wl~ffl~!9l~ffjj~g;fN ({91Jtm~1fT:k
'**lIiml
"mA~~zm),
~:k11Ul~it~:e!G~ftl!mlffiffjj~JBJUAtt~z~i'.Wl~o
.~~:kI39~M~~~*'~m.~~:k;ft~~l39tJS~~7~~~"~.~~'~~
lI_dfm, ftl("$"
}g/j"1&:fJG ' J!/j"1&1irMl39tJS~~,
!lt~*~~~Z-~?U:g)f~m~zk6*(~~.'~~"~
• •
'~~'• •
MJ!~~.'~li)#~~.'M~• • •
:k.~ft t'E~Ul'O~fi"
~IIJ 139~M tJS
~0• • ffrIl:k
~*~±ffrIlz ~Mfr5~~~1i -15~FRJ'
Uffrll:k;ft~$1Jrll39~MtJS~1g~:g)fBWIUi&it,l[!, '
ffif*~±~&1i'
*w!±~j3~m1M(~~~-~.tt, 'iI~1WP~&~*mJg~1IJ'
• •
ffrIl:k~mItFa9rM~'~7~~~ffi'~~~~a9~~*m~lJifft,~~{E~M~tJS J::~~*W! ±ffrIl1im~FRJ 0
~ft~MIUJiJz~W11tID' ~~*t:pRJ~
• •
~3{"W*~±ffrIlz11tID1i@~FPJ'• • •
~$z~~:1J~fI£m:1Jm~1i@~FRJ 'f~~:1JiI.~*~~~tJSlfJ&~a~tJS~JtiWim:1Jm*
f4~; A1fmFPJ~tJS~~Z
• •
~:k~*W!±~~1i@~FRJ '~~~'1em:1Jt39*/j"~FRJ'
;tlj t'E~I39~M1i@~FRJ'~liJfjIg~~*z~M11tID~FRJffif~~~:1J~~~FRJ';;$::g)f~m~l39~mH~~,.a7Mw~m~,w~a.'**a9:g)f~.~.A.W~:1J~~Mz~*~~
, autt •• ttrU:k m:1J
;;~:dJ~~& mlfJ
~M g~tJSlfJ n 00-
~~1i,,"Ub
0.~.:kiWi"fI£~:1Jmt39~tJS~~J::flMW~FRJ'~~:1JmJt~1ir~~gx~MJz 1:.m~~
,
1!I~~mi'@~~,
If'Fiilfi'@~~ '~M~*~m~71WAzlVf~~* (Bradburn,1969; Campbell , 1976) 'm:1J~~tJSmi~~1i~mlll 1~1i":tt!! 0
'
.It!IDt.~ffrIl:k~*W!±tIlife9t.1H~~'@' tP~mm~&1i~A ,!It*5*~~~*T*:g)f~l39iFX~'
• •
~:k~lliIf'Fmm*
B9jUiiM{@g~ Tftl!a9IEITiJ~m'
i&~1!I~~iilfiJE&1i~ft*~±~zt<1H~~'@;;$:~~-Mm~§I39'~~.M~FRJ~tJS~~a9.~~:k'~~:1JW1!I~~,@&m:1JJ!
ItF~,@zmrM:i!~~FRJ
'$J;!p;m
7M~tJSB~~H:1JJ!1!I~~i!'@ ,&~:1JW:ItFiilfiJE
·Z$1l-I!~ (moderator variable) ?~m~*6*1:l1~' Jt~FRJ1:tJS~~Z~~' ~~:1J
0
0
~tf~~JEzlBI~*P~:£~~
,
~J;iltjUHIBI'
mj]~'J\,
tf~1!l~iiJE;
ITffmj]~If'FiiJEz mlH1*plIfZ9.~fljlkJjUt~-fil=.T5~1IITff-;frm~1WJ'
~~A-;frI
!I!~*~&l=.T5~tEJ' I
:mmfl:!:~fi*1E
J & I
~tff*~{tftMJ
z.~tffl}:t(,
~j]~If'FiiJErJ3lMt&-;frmlUl'
J:!D~j]z*'J\~lI~.If'FiiJE' ITff~t
I fltffg:5cftl;IU '
1~:V:I3-FaJ
tBfIlif:t(~j]~If'FiiJE~J;ilt.mlH1,~j]~.'If'F.JE~~'m~~lfltffgj(Jz.~fIlif:t(~~j]z.~M~.
m ' ITff
I~:V:EJ-Fa J tBA. I
$;itfh~J ji'~, 13
~~11-tgji'• • '
IZ9l1t~j]:;t rWJ~lI~.~1t!1'I"tBI
f'FfiliIiJE
0 ~ ~*5*IVj~ 1=.T5~1~ ~~j] ~If'FMz q:t fl'1!lj{
0IWJ
A-;fr~-J{1=.T5~1I:Z..~tffl}:t(~*~±fIlif'
~~~zftMftfr5fhJ{!iJIJ-;fr-~m;W,,
.~fIlif~~*~±tffl}~~~-;frIUlj(gft,~.ftzftMT5fho.~fIlif~~*~±fIlif~~~ft MJ{!iJlJzm;w'l::-t!H!SI~.m-fil=.m~1IITff-;fr~~1WJ
'
1~~(T~~~j(9ft, ~.ftzftMJ{!iJ1J~1WJ?f.' ~1~li:I3-FaJ ~zfllif~' ~~ftmfh1.iITfi' .~tffl}~~*~±tffl}$~~~'
~I!I!~*~~l=.m~tEJJ{ztffl}k,~j(g~mfh1.iITfi,.~tffl}~~*~±fIlif$~~po m~*m~'it.~l=.m~~-~tBtffl}~'-&lIfZ9~~~it~-;fr~1J.~z:£;w"ITff-;fr~1WJ zftMmfh~!iJIJ' m~m~' 1=.T5~1I-&~j]~ftM~~zq:tfl'1!JJi 0
(1).*~*tBfi!~
,
illl~IWJIfifTma~tm .u?f.tB.~fIlif~,
Jm~t~*tBtlilliB~-;frMWJ 0 (2).U.U~niHff&~~i1q:tiiJA.zl=.mgr",~~,
1E~ WJB1ftBl=.murR~~Mtfftff~:I!I!.~~n' ~UfjUHp~50.Ji!!Z:l:~ ,.ut!~~f4z1&~ 0
(3)tm*mflb:qRtB*~±fIlif~*~.~tffl}~~*M~~.mlWJ
'
~~f45tVTlfiflllre~.m;W, ffl *1E
~t~Dn t..
U~fliU
0~~m~~~HtB±~~
• •
fIlif~mIf'F~.~mM*tB~j]'&1f.~.MIf'FM*tB~ITfiMM,.u~tBm~~~IWJIfif~~If'F~.~fIlif~mM*tB~ITfi&ftITfiM~,.ut!~~
AtBTm~rJ3' tBlBI~ 0 .
(5)tE*m~q:t
,
~.~.~1:.m~11~.M{i~~~~5J~,
.fIlj~:m&• •f;tIf'FtB Ttl '
fl~ftBm~tBlI1J*I{J{U&1f~&' litEm~q:t1Ft~E.~±.&1f~1rOOtBlI11 '@~f§iz'.:lEmm (6)~A
TM
?&~~.~~*
Ao
(7)IU:ln~~~
&-;fr.uT5fhft~m (8)~A~mll
~~ftMmfhtt~,
~~II11
1m
-;fr~ffif;
(l)m~'~m~i 'ITff~.~fIlif:t(q:t
~11&
mMlI '
~i (2)m*5*~~IIIlIf-ii
~~ ~!l!JIDil.l
o
(3)t'tm~~*i
~~
,
16cmif!~ITfi:*:lI!Uf:l~m~fI
' .
tB~11
'
Jf1£~I:
~&1.it!tB3tBI:
(4)t'tl=.m~1I1 JWjrr~' ~~*: