SMR 神經回饋訓練對於提昇心理主觀感受的影響程度不大。綜觀 SMR 訓練組後測 之主觀感受量表分數，即：專注力、自信心、控制感、流暢感以及冷靜感五個向度，與 假回饋組無明顯差異，這部份與研究假設不一致。另一方面，在組內前後測比較也無法 看見效果。然而，單就平均數的觀察而言，SMR 訓練組五個向度的分數在接受訓練後 皆有成長趨勢；假回饋組則無固定效果。在推桿表現以及 SMR 腦波功率提昇的情況下，
這樣的結果可能代表事後回溯的量表填寫所測得的推桿前狀態大致上是符合預期的，雖 在統計尚未達顯著差異，然而伴隨著訓練後五個心理狀態分數的提昇，可間接地確認 SMR 神經回饋訓練對於選手推桿心理狀態之幫助。
總結上述，針對本研究可歸納以下幾點結論：
SMR 神經回饋訓練對於高爾夫推桿表現有促進效果；八次的 SMR 神經回饋訓練對 於提昇 SMR 腦波功率之效果不明顯，但有成長趨勢；SMR 神經回饋訓練與高爾夫選手 推桿前之心理準備狀態是相容的；SMR 腦波是可以經由學習而控制的，具有應用在促 進運動表現之價值；SMR 神經回饋訓練對於提昇高爾夫選手之主觀推桿心理狀態感受 之效果不明顯。
針對以上對於 SMR 神經回饋促進推桿表現之探討，以下段落則用以說明本研究之限 制：
1. 以同一個球道進行 40 次推桿可能會造成心理狀態上的不一致。由於球道相同，選手 容易出現進球後之下一次推桿的準備時間縮短，其中的注意力狀態是否會因先前推 桿結果之影響不得而知；
2. 選手當天進行神經回饋訓練之身心狀態是難以控制的。參與本研究之選手當天可能 遇到的狀況包含：球隊晨操、睡眠不足以及出國比賽適應時差等，均會對精神狀況 造成不等程度之影響。
3. 無法達到充分的生態效度。本研究所有試驗均於室內人工果嶺進行，相較於真實高 爾夫推桿環境，選手對場地的適應及接受度是一項難以控管之變數。
最後，提出對於未來相關神經回饋研究之建議：
1. 以天然草皮完成所有相關試驗。人工果嶺在草紋以及摩擦力方面經選手反應確實不 如天然草皮來的好掌控，在符合腦波收集以及神經回饋無外在干擾之需求下，建議 可在安靜且明亮的空間以天然草皮作為試驗場地，並在實驗期間保持一定的濕度與 草皮健康程度，確保實驗變項的測量不受外在可控因素的干擾。
2. 幫助選手更容易模擬真實推桿情境。經由本研究以及作者從事相關神經回饋的工作 發現選手會依賴先前印象深刻之推桿所帶來的氛圍，進而模擬出高度專注的準備狀 態。因此，讓選手處於備戰狀態在神經回饋研究中是必要的。本研究所採用的方式 是以讓選手藉由回想過去關鍵推桿時的心理狀態來誘發選手，然而，作者認為提供 該次選手下場比賽以及同組對手的照片是個不錯的方法，可能比單純使用意象的方 式好。或者，更進一步的邀請觀眾觀看，更可增加與實際比賽的相似性。
結語 結語 結語 結語
SMR 神經回饋訓練對於高爾夫推桿表現的促進已獲得正面肯定，訓練效果不僅出 現在實驗結果上，同時選手也反應更能在真實推桿時進入適當的注意力狀態，此影響在 實驗結果上雖無法提供，但對於研究者來說無非是最大的鼓勵。期許後續相關研究能在 測量工具以及實驗操弄上更加精進，讓運動心理相關從業人員能以更有效的方法幫助選 手提昇運動表現。這不僅幫助運動心理相關從業人員的地位提昇，更能幫助國家培養出 更高競技水準的運動員，讓運動科學躍升熱門研究領域之一。
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附件一 附件一 附件一 附件一
參與者 ID
實驗參與者同意書
本人在此聲明本人健康情形良好，並願意參加由國立臺灣師範大學體育學系研究生 鄭名揚 所主持之研究計畫。
此研究主要探討神經回饋訓練在高爾夫推桿表現與心理上的效益。在每次實驗時，
我將會被要求戴上腦波帽或是神經回饋訓練儀收集腦波資料，我了解這些實驗器材對我 身體並無傷害，我將配合實驗者的說明執行一般的實驗作業，直到實驗成功完成為止。
本實驗內容包含腦波資料收集以及心理技能訓練(多次訓練及資料收集)。簡而言之，我 非常願意也非常具有誠意在實驗進行的過程中，盡全力參與及配合實驗者的要求。
我知道在實驗進行當中，我有權力在任何時候要求終止參與實驗。
底下為我的簽名，證明我已經閱讀並遵守本同意書之一切聲明。
實驗參與者簽名 日期
實驗者簽名 日期
研究計畫人主持人：鄭名揚 研究生
地 址：106 臺北市大安區和平東路一段 162 號 電 話：0929-462-439
E-mail：[email protected]